Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons^™

Cyclipostins And Cyclophostin Analogs As Promising Compounds In The Fight Against Tuberculosis, Phuong Nguyen, Vincent Delorme, Anaïs Bénarouche, Benjamin Martin, Rishi Paudel, Giri Gnawali, Abdeldjalil Madani, Rémy Puppo, Valérie Landry, Laurent Kremer, Priscille Brodin, Christopher Spilling, Jean-François Cavalier, Stéphane Canaan

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

A new class of Cyclophostin and Cyclipostins (CyC) analogs have been investigated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (M. tb) grown either in broth medium or inside macrophages. Our compounds displayed a diversity of action by acting either on extracellular M. tb bacterial growth only, or both intracellularly on infected macrophages as well as extracellularly on bacterial growth with very low toxicity towards host macrophages. Among the eight potential CyCs identified, CyC 17 exhibited the best extracellular antitubercular activity (MIC50 = 500 nM). This compound was selected and further used in a competitive labelling/enrichment assay against the activity-based probe Desthiobiotin-FP in order …

Omecamtiv Mecarbil Enhances The Duty Ratio Of Human Β-Cardiac Myosin Resulting In Increased Calcium Sensitivity And Slowed Force Development In Cardiac Muscle, Anja M. Swenson, Wanjian Tang, Cheavar A. Blair, Christopher M. Fetrow, William C. Unrath, Michael J. Previs, Kenneth S. Campbell, Christopher M. Yengo

Physiology Faculty Publications

The small molecule drug omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) specifically targets cardiac muscle myosin and is known to enhance cardiac muscle performance, yet its impact on human cardiac myosin motor function is unclear. We expressed and purified human β-cardiac myosin subfragment 1 (M2β-S1) containing a C-terminal Avi tag. We demonstrate that the maximum actin-activated ATPase activity of M2β-S1 is slowed more than 4-fold in the presence of OM, whereas the actin concentration required for half-maximal ATPase was reduced dramatically (30-fold). We find OM does not change the overall actin affinity. Transient kinetic experiments suggest that there are …

Maysin And Its Flavonoid Derivative From Centipedegrass Attenuates Amyloid Plaques By Inducting Humoral Immune Response With Th2 Skewed Cytokine Response In The Tg (Appswe, Ps1de9) Alzheimer's Mouse Model, Yuno Song, Hong-Duck Kim, Min-Kwon Lee, Il-Hwa Hong, Chung-Kil Won, Seung Sik Lee, Jae-Hyeon Cho

NYMC Faculty Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slow, progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common type of dementia in the elderly. The etiology of AD and its underlying mechanism are still not clear. In a previous study, we found that an ethyl acetate extract of Centipedegrass (CG) (i.e., EA-CG) contained 4 types of Maysin derivatives, including Luteolin, Isoorientin, Rhamnosylisoorientin, and Derhamnosylmaysin, and showed protective effects against Amyloid beta (Aβ) by inhibiting oligomeric Aβ in cellular and in vitro models. Here, we examined the preventative effects of EA-CG treatment on the Aβ burden in the Tg (Mo/Hu APPswe PS1dE9) AD mouse model. We …

Δnp63Α And Microrna: Leveraging The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Andrew J. Stacy, Michael P. Craig, Suraj Sakaram, Madhavi Kadakia

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular reprogramming mechanism that is an underlying cause of cancer metastasis. Recent investigations have uncovered an intricate network of regulation involving the TGFβ Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways and small regulatory RNA species called microRNAs (miRNAs). The activity of a transcription factor vital to the maintenance of epithelial stemness, ?Np63a, has been shown to modulate the activity of these EMT pathways to either repress or promote EMT. Furthermore, ?Np63a is a known regulator of miRNA, including those directly involved in EMT. This review discusses the evidence of ?Np63a as a master regulator of EMT …

Functional And Structural Studies On The Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Gmha, The First Enzyme In The Glycero-Manno-Heptose Biosynthesis Pathways, Demonstrate A Critical Role In Lipooligosaccharide Synthesis And Gonococcal Viability, Igor H. Wierzbicki, Ryszard A. Zielke, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Aleksandra E. Sikora

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate isomerase, GmhA, is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of nucleotide-activated-glycero-manno-heptoses and an attractive, yet underexploited, target for development of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We demonstrated that GmhA homologs in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis (hereafter called GmhA_GC and GmhA_NM, respectively) were interchangeable proteins essential for lipooligosaccharide (LOS) synthesis, and their depletion had adverse effects on neisserial viability. In contrast, the Escherichia coli ortholog failed to complement GmhA_GC depletion. Furthermore, we showed that GmhA_GC is a cytoplasmic enzyme with induced expression at mid-logarithmic phase, upon iron deprivation and anaerobiosis, and conserved in contemporary gonococcal …

Phosphorylation Of Cytochrome C Threonine 28 Regulates Electron Transport Chain Activity In Kidney: Implications For Amp Kinase, Gargi Mahapatra, Ashwathy Varughese, Qinqin Ji, Icksoo Lee, Jenney Liu, Asmita Vaishnav, Christopher Sinkler, Alexandr A. Kapralov, Carlos T. Moraes, Thomas H. Sanderson, Timothy L. Stemmler, Lawrence I. Grossman, Valerian E. Kagan, Joseph S. Brunzelle, Arthur R. Salomon, Brian Fp Edwards, Maik HüTtemann

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Mammalian cytochrome c (Cytc) plays a key role in cellular life and death decisions, functioning as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain and as a trigger of apoptosis when released from the mitochondria. However, its regulation is not well understood. We show that the major fraction of Cytc iso- lated from kidneys is phosphorylated on Thr28, leading to a par- tial inhibition of respiration in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase. To further study the effect of Cytc phosphorylation in vitro, we generated T28E phosphomimetic Cytc, revealing supe- rior behavior regarding protein stability and its ability to degrade …

A Cationic Amphiphilic Random Copolymer With Ph-Responsive Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus., Sungyoup Hong, Haruko Takahashi, Enrico T Nadres, Hamid Mortazavian, Gregory Caputo, John G Younger, Kenichi Kuroda

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

In this report, we demonstrate the pH-dependent, in vitro antimicrobial activity of a cationic, amphiphilic random copolymer against clinical isolates of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The polymer was developed toward a long-term goal of potential utility in the treatment of skin infections. The proposed mechanism of action of the polymer is through selectively binding to bacterial membranes and subsequent disruption of the membrane structure/integrity, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. The polymer showed bactericidal activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant or vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus. The polymer was effective in killing S. aureus at neutral pH, but inactive under acidic conditions (pH …

Phospholipase Dζ Enhances Diacylglycerol Flux Into Triacylglycerol, Wenyu Yang, Geliang Wang, Jia Li, Philip Bates, Xuemin Wang, Douglas Allen

Biology Department Faculty Works

Plant seeds are the primary source of triacylglycerols (TAG) for food, feed, fuel, and industrial applications. As TAG is produced from diacylglycerol (DAG), successful engineering strategies to enhance TAG levels have focused on the conversion of DAG to TAG. However, the production of TAG can be limited by flux through the enzymatic reactions that supply DAG. In this study, two Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ genes (AtPLDζ1 and AtPLDζ2) were coexpressed in Camelina sativa to test whether the conversion of phosphatidylcholine to DAG impacts TAG levels in seeds. The resulting transgenic plants produced 2% to 3% more TAG as a component of …

Ck2—An Emerging Target For Neurological And Psychiatric Disorders, Julia Castello, Andre Ragnauth, Eitan Friedman, Heike Rebholz

Publications and Research

Protein kinase CK2 has received a surge of attention in recent years due to the evidence of its overexpression in a variety of solid tumors and multiple myelomas as well as its participation in cell survival pathways. CK2 is also upregulated in the most prevalent and aggressive cancer of brain tissue, glioblastoma multiforme, and in preclinical models, pharmacological inhibition of the kinase has proven successful in reducing tumor size and animal mortality. CK2 is highly expressed in the mammalian brain and has many bona fide substrates that are crucial in neuronal or glial homeostasis and signaling processes across synapses. Full …

Inhibition Of Mammalian Glycoprotein Ykl-40 Identification Of The Physiological Ligand, Abhishek A. Kognole, Christina M. Payne

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

YKL-40 is a mammalian glycoprotein associated with progression, severity, and prognosis of chronic inflammatory diseases and a multitude of cancers. Despite this well documented association, identification of the lectin′s physiological ligand and, accordingly, biological function has proven experimentally difficult. YKL-40 has been shown to bind chito-oligosaccharides; however, the production of chitin by the human body has not yet been documented. Possible alternative ligands include proteoglycans, polysaccharides, and fibers like collagen, all of which makeup the extracellular matrix. It is likely that YKL-40 is interacting with these alternative polysaccharides or proteins within the body, extending its function to cell biological roles …

Isolation, Culture And Characterization Of Hirsutella Sinensis Mycelium From Caterpillar Fungus Fruiting Body, Yun-Fei Komi, Jian-Ching Liau, Chien-Sheng Lee, Chen-Yaw Chiu, Jan Martel, Chuan-Sheng Lin, Shan-Fu Tseng, David M. Ojcius, Chia-Chen Lu, Hsin-Chih Lai, John Ding-E. Young

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (previously called Cordyceps sinensis) has been used for centuries in Asia as a tonic to improve health and longevity. Recent studies show that O. sinensis produces a wide range of biological effects on cells, laboratory animals and humans, including anti-fatigue, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities. In view of the rarity of O. sinensis fruiting bodies in nature, cultivation of its anamorph mycelium represents a useful alternative for large-scale production. However, O. sinensis fruiting bodies harvested in nature harbor several fungal contaminants, a phenomenon that led to the isolation and characterization of a large number …

Survival Model Of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma; Sex As A Biological Variable, Mary A. Phillippi, Justin L. Mott, Cody J. Wehrkamp, Ying Xie, David Oupicky, Ashley M. Mohr, Bailey A. Stringham

Hepatobiliary Cancers: Pathobiology and Translational Advances

No abstract provided.

Oncogenic Nelfe Enhances Myc-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis, Hien Dang, Atsushi Takai, Marshonna Forgues, Yosawat Pomyen, Haiwei Mou, Wen Xue, Debashish Ray, Kevn Ha, Quiad Morris, Timothy Hughes, Xin Wei Wang

Hepatobiliary Cancers: Pathobiology and Translational Advances

No abstract provided.

Glypican-3 Targeting Immunotoxins For The Treatment Of Liver Cancer, Bryan D. Fleming, Daniel Urban, Lu Chen, Matthew Hall, Ira Pastan, Mitchell Ho

Hepatobiliary Cancers: Pathobiology and Translational Advances

No abstract provided.

The Vasodilatory Effects Of Anti-Inflammatory Herb Medications: A Comparison Study Of Four Botanical Extracts., Hong Ping Zhang, Dan-Dan Zhang, Yan Ke, Ka Bian

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, in which, the endothelium dysfunction has been a key element. The current study was designed to explore the vasodilatory effect of anti-inflammatory herbs which have been traditionally used in different clinical applications. The total saponins from Actinidia arguta radix (SAA), total flavonoids from Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (FGR), total coumarins from Peucedani radix (CPR), and total flavonoids from Spatholobi caulis (FSC) were extracted. The isometric measurement of vasoactivity was used to observe the effects of herbal elements on the isolated aortic rings with or without endothelium. To …

Distribution Bias Analysis Of Germline And Somatic Single-Nucleotide Variations That Impact Protein Functional Site And Neighboring Amino Acids, Y Pan, C Yan, Y Hu, Y Fan, Qing Pan, Q Wan, J Torcivia-Rodriguez, Raja Mazumder

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Single nucleotide variations (SNVs) can result in loss or gain of protein functional sites. We analyzed the effects of SNVs on enzyme active sites, ligand binding sites, and various types of post translational modification (PTM) sites. We found that, for most types of protein functional sites, the SNV pattern differs between germline and somatic mutations as well as between synonymous and non-synonymous mutations. From a total of 51,138 protein functional site affecting SNVs (pfsSNVs), a pan-cancer analysis revealed 142 somatic pfsSNVs in five or more cancer types. By leveraging patient information for somatic pfsSNVs, we identified 17 loss of functional …

Metabolic Reprogramming Of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The Role Of Mirnas, Amal Qattan

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known to influence the expression of the genes that regulate critical cellular functions. Various reports have suggested that they play critical roles in breast cancer metabolism through the regulation of various metabolic pathways, including the metabolism of glucose, lipids, glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). miRNAs regulate the metabolic process by targeting key molecules (enzymes, kinases transporters) or by modifying the expression of key transcription molecules. In addition, miRNAs can indirectly regulate mRNA translation by targeting chromatin-remodeling enzymes. Furthermore, miRNAs influence the expression of both oncogenes and tumor suppressors and have a major impact …

Mrub_1873, Mrub_1872, Mrub_1871 Genes Are Predicted Orthologs Of The B2285, B2284, And B2283 Genes Respectively, Found In Escherichia Coli Coding For Nadh Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Complex Subunits E, F, And G., Hannah Lohmeier, Dr. Lori R. Scott

Meiothermus ruber Genome Analysis Project

This project is part of the Meiothermus ruber genome analysis project, which uses the bioinformatics tools associated with the Guiding Education through Novel Investigation –Annotation Collaboration Toolkit (GENI-ACT) to predict gene function. We investigated the biological function of the genes Mrub_1873, Mrub_1872, and Mrub_1871.We predict that Mrub_1873 (DNA coordinates 1933743..1934309 on the reverse strand), Mrub_1872 (DNA coordinates 1932430..1933746 on the reverse strand), and Mrub_1871 (DNA coordinates 1930055..1932421 on the reverse strand) are subunits of the NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (00190). The complex catalyzes both the transfer of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane and the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone during …

Annotation And Identification Of Several Glycerolipid Metabolic Related Ortholog Genes; Mrub_0437, Mrub_1813 And Mrub_2759 In The Organism Meithermus Ruber And Their Predicted Respective Orthologs B3926, B4042 And Bo514 Found In E.Coli., Abdul Rahman Abdul Kader, Dr. Lori R. Scott

Meiothermus ruber Genome Analysis Project

We predict Mrub_0437 encodes the enzyme glycerol kinase (DNA coordinates [417621..419183), which is an intermediary step of the glycerolipid metabolic pathway (KEGG map00561), It catalyzes the conversion of glycerol to sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate. The E. coli K12 MG1655 ortholog is predicted to be b3926.

We predict Mrub_1813 encodes the enzyme diacylglycerol kinase (DNA coordinates [1864659..1865063), which is an intermediary step of the glycerolipid metabolic pathway (KEGG map00561), It catalyzes the conversion of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol to 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. The E. coli K12 MG1655 ortholog is predicted to be b4042.

We predict Mrub_2759 encodes the enzyme glycerol kinase (DNA coordinates [2799712..2800665), which is an intermediary …

Mrub_2642, Mrub_1054, And Mrub_1059 Genes Are Orthologs Of The Escherichia Coli Genes B2942, B0159, And B2687 Genes, Respectively, Which Code For Methionine Adenosyltransferase, Adenosylhomocysteine Nucleosidase, And S-Ribosylhomocysteine Lyase, Nicholas M. Orslini, Dr. Lori R. Scott

Meiothermus ruber Genome Analysis Project

This project is part of the Meiothermus ruber genome analysis project, which uses the bioinformatics tools associated with the Guiding Education through Novel Investigation –Annotation Collaboration Toolkit (GENI-ACT) to predict gene function. We investigated the biological function of the genes Mrub_2642, Mrub_1054, and Mrub_1059.

We predict that Mrub_2642 encodes the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase (DNA coordinates [2677251…2678426] on the reverse strand), the first step of the methionine degradation pathway (KEGG map number 00270). Methionine adenosyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of the substrates, ATP, L-methionine, and water, to yield the products S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), inorganic phosphate, and diphosphate. Mrub_1054 encodes adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (DNA …

Mrub_1867, Mrub_1868, And Mrub_1869 Genes Are Predicted Orthologs Of The B2279, B2280, And B2281 Genes Found In Escherichia Coli Coding For The Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunits K, J, And I Respectively, Wade Smith, Dr. Lori R. Scott

Meiothermus ruber Genome Analysis Project

This project is part of the Meiothermus ruber genome analysis project, which uses the bioinformatics tools associated with the Guiding Education through Novel Investigation –Annotation Collaboration Toolkit (GENI-ACT) to predict gene function. We investigated the biological function of the genes Mrub_1867, Mrub_1868, and Mrub_1869. We predict that Mrub_1867 (DNA coordinates 1927237..1927527 on the reverse strand), Mrub_1868 (DNA coordinates 1927524..1928123 on the reverse strand), and Mrub_1869 (DNA coordinates 1928248..1928781 on the reverse strand) are subunits of the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (KEGG map number 00190). This complex catalyzes the translocation of H+ across the cytoplasmic …

Beneficial Aerodynamic Effect Of Wing Scales On The Climbing Flight Of Butterflies, Nathan Slegers, Michael Heilman, Jacob Cranford, Amy Lang, John Yoder, Maria Laura Habegger

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

It is hypothesized that butterfly wing scale geometry and surface patterning may function to improve aerodynamic efficiency. In order to investigate this hypothesis, a method to measure butterfly flapping kinematics optically over long uninhibited flapping sequences was developed. Statistical results for the climbing flight flapping kinematics of 11 butterflies, based on a total of 236 individual flights, both with and without their wing scales, are presented. Results show, that for each of the 11 butterflies, the mean climbing efficiency decreased after scales were removed. Data was reduced to a single set of differences of climbing efficiency using are paired t …

Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Hepatic Diseases: Current And Future Therapy., Karina Reyes-Gordillo, Ruchi Shah, Pablo Muriel

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Liver disease is a highly prevalent disease that is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The continuous exposure of the liver to some factors such as viruses, alcohol, fat, and biotransformed metabolites can cause hepatic injury, which can lead to inflammation and liver degeneration. When the injury is sustained for long time, it can cause chronic liver diseases (CLDs), which include a spectrum of disease states ranging from simple steatosis and steatohepatitis (steatosis with inflammation and hepatocyte injury and death) to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Multiple evidences indicate that oxidative stress and inflammation are the most …

The Temporal Dynamics Of The Tracheal Microbiome In Tracheostomised Patients With And Without Lower Respiratory Infections., Marcos Pérez-Losada, Robert J Graham, Madeline Coquillette, Amenah Jafarey, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Manuel Aira, Robert J Freishtat, Jonathan M Mansbach

Computational Biology Institute

Background: Airway microbiota dynamics during lower respiratory infection (LRI) are still poorly understood due, in part, to insufficient longitudinal studies and lack of uncontaminated lower airways samples. Furthermore, the similarity between upper and lower airway microbiomes is still under debate. Here we compare the diversity and temporal dynamics of microbiotas directly sampled from the trachea via tracheostomy in patients with (YLRI) and without (NLRI) lower respiratory infections. Methods: We prospectively collected 127 tracheal aspirates across four consecutive meteorological seasons (quarters) from 40 patients, of whom 20 developed LRIs and 20 remained healthy. All aspirates were collected when patients had no …

Assessment Of Disease Lesion Removal As A Method To Control Chronic Montipora White Syndrome, Silvia Beurmann, Christina M. Runyon, Patrick Videau, Sean M. Callahan, Greta S. Aeby

Research & Publications

Coral colonies in Ka–ne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i (USA), are afflicted with the tissue loss disease chronic Montipora white syndrome (cMWS). Here we show that removal of chronic disease lesions is a potential method to slow the progression of cMWS in M. capitata. Over the 24 wk observation period, treatment colonies lost almost half the amount of tissue that was lost by control colonies. The percentage of tissue loss at each sampling interval (mean ± SEM; treatment: 1.17 ± 0.47%, control: 2.25 ± 0.63%) and the rate of tissue loss per day (treatment: 0.13 ± 0.04%, control: 0.27 ± 0.08%) were both …

Identification And Characterization Of Fungal Isolates From Land-Applied Sewage Sludge, Vaille Swenson, Hope L. Juntunen, R Honour, R C. Hale, Michael Gaylor, Patrick Videau

Research & Publications

Approximately eight million dry tons of sewage sludge is generated in the U.S. each year, with more than half of that now land-applied as the primary method of disposal. Despite the proliferation of this practice, little is known about the microbial constituents of these noxious materials. To address this knowledge gap, we isolated and characterized fungi present in archived samples of land-disposed sewage sludge collected from the Snoqualmie National Forest (Washington State). Sludge samples were resuspended in sterile water and 15 fungal isolates were selected and purified on sabouraud dextrose agar plates supplemented with 50 mg/L of chloramphenicol. Fungal morphology …

Hepatocyte-Specific Deletion Of Tristetraprolin Family Of Rna Binding Proteins Result In The Development Of Hepatocellular Carcinomas, Sonika Patial

Hepatobiliary Cancers: Pathobiology and Translational Advances

No abstract provided.

Identifying The Relevance Of C-Reactive Protein Conformers And The Advancement Of A Membrane Curvature Binding Assay, Carrie Leine Moon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lipid membranes play a vital role in cell signaling processes. Membrane shape and lipid content affect interactions between cellular membranes and proteins. This research focuses on characterizing those interactions and their impact by using various biochemical and biophysical assays. These assays were applied to C-reactive protein (CRP), an immune system protein that interacts with lipid membranes and has at least two forms with different properties. Native, pentameric CRP (pCRP) is found in blood serum and is commonly used as a marker for inflammation. The modified form of CRP (mCRP) binds to the protein C1q, which activates the complement immune response. …

Mechanistic Insights Into The Radical S-Adenosyl L-Methionine Enzyme Mftc, Bulat Khaliullin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mycofactocin is a putative peptide-derived redox cofactor in Mycobacterium family. Its putative biosynthetic pathway is encoded by the operon mftABCDEF. The initial step of this pathway is a posttranslational modification of a peptide precursor MftA, which is catalyzed by MftC enzyme. This modification only occurs in the presence of chaperone MftB. Here, we demonstrate that MftC is a radical S-adenosyl L-methionine (SAM) enzyme and we examine its catalytic mechanism. We show that the modification of MftA requires two equivalents of SAM and is implemented in two steps: (i) the decarboxylation of a C-terminal tyrosine, resulting in formation of an …

Paper-Based Diagnostic Devices, Spencer A. Schultz, Isabelle C. Noxon, Tyler A. Sisley, Andres W. Martinez

Chemistry and Biochemistry

This chapter will provide an overview of existing diagnostic devices made primarily out of paper and then focus on paper-based microfluidic devices, the next generation of paper-based diagnostic devices that promises to extend the use of paper as a material for fabricating diagnostic devices well into the future.

Chapter Contents:

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Current paper-based diagnostic devices
• 2.2.1 Dipstick devices
• 2.2.2 Lateral-flow devices
• 2.2.2.1 Vertical-flow devices
• 2.2.3 Paper-based arrays
• 2.3 Paper-based microfluidic devices
• 2.3.1 Fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices
• 2.3.2 Applications of paper-based microfluidic devices
• 2.4 Conclusions
• References