Dairy Science Commons^™

Use Of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes To Enhance In Vitro Fermentation Of Alfalfa Hay And Corn Silage, Jong-Su Eun, K. A. Beauchemin, H. Schulze

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Two in vitro experiments were performed to identify promising exogenous fibrolytic enzyme products (EFE) and optimum dose rates (DR) for improving the degradation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. The relationship between enzymatic activity and fermentation responses was examined to identify optimum formulations. In experiment 1, 5 EFE containing mainly endoglucanase and xylanase activities, with different ratios between the 2 activities, were assessed at a DR of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 mg/g of DM forage. Milled alfalfa hay or corn silage was incubated in an in vitro batch culture with buffer, ruminal fluid, and EFE. Gas production (GP) was measured …

17th Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

2005 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Immunomodulators, Interferons And Known In Vitro Sars-Cov Inhibitors For Inhibition Of Sars-Cov Replication In Balb/C Mice, Dale L. Barnard, C. W. Day, K. Bailey, M. Heiner, R. Montgomery, L. Lauridsen, P. K-S. Chan, R. W. Sidwell

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Compounds approved for therapeutic use and in vitro inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were evaluated for inhibition in the mouse SARS-CoV replication model. A hybrid interferon, interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) B/D, and a mismatched double-stranded (ds) RNA interferon (IFN) inducer, Ampligen® (poly I:poly C124), were the only compounds that potently inhibited virus titres in the lungs of infected mice as assessed by CPE titration assays. When mice were dosed intraperitoneally (i.p.) with IFN-alpha B/D once daily for 3 days beginning 4 h after virus exposure, SARS-CoV replication in the lungs of infected mice was reduced by 1 log10 …

Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Against West Nile Virus Envelope Protein Administered After Neuronal Infection Protects Against Lethal Encephalitis In Hamsters, John D. Morrey, V. Siddharthan, Aaron L. Olsen, G. Y. Roper, H. Wang, Thomas J. Baldwin, S. Koenig, S. Johnson, J. L. Nordstrom, M. S. Diamond

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Humans infected with West Nile virus (WNV) may clinically present with symptoms that are suggestive of neurological infection. Nearly all treatments of WNV disease have been effective in animal models only if administered before or soon after viral challenge. Here, we evaluated whether a potent neutralizing anti-WNV humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb), hE16, could improve the course of disease in a hamster model when administered after the virus had infected neurons in the brain. Five days after viral injection, WNV was detected in the brains of hamsters by cytopathic assay, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical staining of WNV envelope …

Comparative Toxicosis Of Sodium Selenite And Selenomethionine In Lambs, A. K. Tiwary, B. L. Stegelmeier, K. E. Panter, L. F. James, Jeffery O. Hall

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Excess consumption of selenium (Se) accumulator plants can result in selenium intoxication. The objective of the study reported here was to compare the acute toxicosis caused by organic selenium (selenomethionine) found in plants with that caused by the supplemental, inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenite). Lambs were orally administered a single dose of selenium as either sodium selenite or selenomethionine and were monitored for 7 days, after which they were euthanized and necropsied. Twelve randomly assigned treatment groups consisted of animals given 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of Se/kg of body weight as sodium selenite, or 0, 1, …

Detection Of Early Stages Of Myxobolus Cerebralis In Fin Clips From Rainbow Trout (Onchorynchus Mykiss), Ramona T. Skirpstunas, J. Hergert, Thomas J. Baldwin

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect early stages of Myxobolus cerebralis in caudal and adipose fin samples from rainbow trout (RT). To determine sensitivity, groups of 10 RT were exposed to 2,000 M. cerebralis triactinomyxons/fish for 1 hour at 15 degrees C and subsequently moved to clean recirculating water. Fish were held for 2 and 6 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 30, and 60 days before sampling by nonlethal fin biopsy. Nested PCR performed on fin clips showed that M. cerebralis DNA was detected in caudal fin tissue in 100% of fish …

2004 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Effects Of A Proteolytic Feed Enzyme On Intake, Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation, And Milk Production, Jong-Su Eun, K. A. Beauchemin

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The effects of exogenous proteolytic enzyme (EPE) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and lactational performance were determined using 8 lactating Holstein cows in a double 4 ×4 Latin square experiment with a 2 ×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Diets based on barley silage and alfalfa hay as the forage sources were formulated to maintain different forage to concentrate ratios [60:40 vs. 34:66, dry matter (DM) basis]. Four dietary treatments were tested: high forage (HF) without EPE (HF−EPE), HF with EPE (HF+EPE), low forage (LF) without EPE (LF–EPE), and LF with EPE (LF+EPE). The EPE, which contained proteolytic activity but negligible …

2003 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

16th Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Mechanical Processing On The Nutritive Value Of Barley Silage For Lactating Dairy Cows, Jong-Su Eun, K. A. Beauchemin, S.-H. Hong, W. Z. Yang

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Mechanical processing of whole crop barley before ensiling may be useful for improving nutrient use by dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of feeding mechanically processed barley silage as the main forage source on lactational performance. Twenty-four Holstein cows, 16 primiparous (187±52 days in milk) and 8 multiparous (87±69 days in milk) cows, were used in a completely randomized design with a 2-wk covariate period and a 6-wk treatment period. The 2 treatments were: 1) total mixed ration (TMR) containing regular barley silage (RBS-TMR), and 2) TMR containing mechanically processed barley silage (MPBS-TMR). Barley …

Topical Cidofovir Is More Effective Than Is Parenteral Therapy For Treatment Of Progressive Vaccinia In Immunocompromised Mice, Donald F. Smee, K. W. Bailey, M-H. Wong, M. K. Wandersee, R. W. Sidwell

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background.Severe complications may arise as a result of virus dissemination after smallpox (live vaccinia virus) vaccination, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We developed a new mouse model for studying the effects of antiviral agents on progressive vaccinia virus infections.

Methods.Hairless mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg/day) every 4 days starting 1 day before vaccinia virus exposure to wounded skin. Primary lesions progressed in severity, satellite lesions developed, and the infection eventually killed the mice.

Results.Topical treatment with 1%‐cidofovir cream (twice daily for 7 days) was much more effective in reducing the severity of primary lesions and the number of satellite …

Inhibition Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus (Sarscov) By Calpain Inhibitors And Beta-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine, Dale L. Barnard, V. D. Hubbard, J. Burton, Donald F. Smee, John D. Morrey, M. Otto, R. W. Sidwell

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

We evaluated two types of compounds for efficacy in inhibiting SARSCoV replication in vitro: calpain inhibitors (a class of cellular cysteine proteinases) and a number of nucleoside analogues. Cytopathic effect reduction assays visually determined with spectrophotometric verification by neutral red (NR) uptake assay were used to evaluate cytotoxicity and antiviral potency of the compounds. Significantly inhibitory compounds were then evaluated in virus yield reduction assays. Two calpain inhibitors, Val-Leu-CHO (calpain inhibitor VI) and Z-Val-Phe-Ala-CHO (calpain inhibitor III), were the most potent inhibitors of SARSCoV. By virus yield reduction assay, calpain inhibitor VI had a 90% effective concentration (EC90) of 3 …

Methane Production By Mixed Ruminal Cultures Incubated In Dual-Flow Fermentors, Jong-Su Eun, V. Fellner, M. L. Gumpertz

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

This study evaluated the effects of dilution rate and forage-to-concentrate ratio on gas production by rumen microbes. Continuous cultures were used to monitor methane production at three liquid dilution rates (3.2, 6.3, or 12.5%/h) and three forage-to-concentrate ratios (70:30, 50:50, or 30:70). Filtered ruminal contents were allowed 6 d of adaptation to diets followed by 7 d of data collection. Forage consisted of pelleted alfalfa and the concentrate mix included ground corn, soybean meal, and a mineral and vitamin premix. The experiment was replicated in a split-plot design. Total volatile fatty acid production averaged 58.0 mmol/d and was not affected …

2002 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Antibodies Against Affinity-Purified, Surface-Exposed Outer Membrane Proteins Of Edwardsiella Ictaluri Block Invasion Into Fathead Minnow Epithelial Cells, Ramona T. Skirpstunas, Thomas J. Baldwin

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Surface-exposed outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Edwardsiella ictaluri were isolated by selective solubilization of inner membrane proteins from total membrane preparations. Purification of biotin-labeled, insoluble, surface-exposed proteins using streptavidin columns was performed, and single-dimension sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) showed four major OMPs, with apparent molecular weights of 22, 31, 59, and 72 kilodaltons (kDa). Purified surface-exposed proteins corresponded to proteins isolated from total outer membrane preparations resolved by SDS–PAGE, showing that surface-exposed proteins are within the outer membrane fraction and can be successfully isolated using affinity purification. Polyclonal antiserum against these surface-exposed OMPs was produced in New Zealand …

2001 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Nitrogen Budgets For Your Dairy, Allen Young

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Using Records To Evaluate Production, Allen Young

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Viramidine, Dale L. Barnard

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Phosphorus Budgets For Your Dairy, Allen Young

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Interferon-Alpha, Dale L. Barnard

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Amarillo Biosciences is developing low-dose oral interferon-alpha (IFNalpha; Veldona) as a potential treatment for primary Sjøgren's syndrome, oral mucositis in cancer patients, hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections, and bone marrow disorders. The company is also developing a topical formulation of IFNalpha for the potential treatment of genital warts. The product is registered in Ghana for the treatment of HBV infection. In October 2001, Amarillo licensed rights to its low-dose oral IFNalpha to Atrix Laboratories for the Orphan indications of oral papillomavirus and Behçet's disease.

Coumarins And Pyranocoumarins, Potential Novel Pharmacophores For Inhibition Ofmeasles Virus Replication, Dale L. Barnard, Z. Q. Xu, V. D. Stowell, H. Yuan, Donald F. Smee, R. Samy, R. W. Sidwell, M. K. Nielsen, L. Sun, H. Cao, A. Li, C. Quint, J. Deignan, J. Crabb, M. T. Flavin

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

A series of coumarin and pyranocoumarin analogues were evaluated in vitro for antiviral efficacy against measles virus (MV), strain Chicago. Of the 22 compounds tested for inhibition, six were found to have selectivity indices greater than 10. These were compounds 5-hydroxy-7-propionyloxy- 4-propylcoumarin (2a), 5,7-bis(tosyloxy)-4- propylcoumarin (7); 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-7-tosyloxy- coumarin (8); 6,6-dimethyl-9-propionyloxy-4- propyl-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′]dipyran-2-one (9); 6,6-dimethyl-9-pivaloyloxy-4-propyl-2H,6Hbenzo[ 1,2-b:3,4-b′]dipyran-2-one (10); and 7,8-cis- 10,11,12-trans-4-propyl-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl- 7,8,9-trihydroxy-2H,6H,12H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:5,6- b′′]tripyran-2-one (18). Three of the active drugs were propyl coumarin analogues (2a, 7 and 8), two were dipyranone or chromeno-coumarins (9 and 10), and one was a benzotripyranone with a coumarin nucleus (18). Some appeared to be rather specific and potent …

An Accelerated Feeding Study For Dairy Beef Steers, D. R. Zobell

All Archived Publications

A large number of Holstein bull (steer) calves are produced by the dairy industry. Producers who purchase these calves should understand that depending on the production strategy employed, the economic outcome could be quite broad. Dairy beef calves that are intensively managed, using aggressive feeding strategies to achieve high levels of efficiency, increase the opportunity for profitability.

The Relationship Of Milk Urea Nitrogen And Dhia Production Variables In Western Commercial Dairy Herds, Rachael G. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Monthly individual cow DHIA test records (approximately 90,000) from 96 Holstein and Jersey herds from Utah, Idaho, and Montana were analyzed used the Mixed procedure in SAS to determine the relationships of milk production parameters to milk urea N (MUN). Records spanned two consecutive years ending December 2000. Means for Holsteins were 34.1 kg/d milk yield, 15.2 mg/dl MUN, 3.18% milk protein, 3.5% milk fat, and 280,000 somatic cell count. Mean MUN for Holsteins was lowest in fall (Oct.-Dec) and highest in winter and spring. Cows with highest milk protein percent (≥ 3.2%) had lowest MUN over all levels of …

Utilization Of Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Levels In The Serum As A Parameter For In Vivoassay Of Influenza Virus Inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother, R. W. Sidwell, M. H. Wong, K. W. Bailey, Dale L. Barnard, M. K. Jackson, Donald F. Smee

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), an acute phase protein in serum assayed by single radial immunodiffusion using a commercially available kit, was found to significantly increase in mice infected with influenza A and B viruses. Experiments were run to determine the rate of increase of serum AGP and its relation to other influenza disease parameters, including lung consolidation, development of lung virus titres, decline in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), histopathological changes in the lung, and death of the animal. Maximal AGP levels occurred by day 3 in the animals, at about the same time lung virus titres reached their peak and inflammatory …

Antioxidants Protect Turkeys Against Toxicity Of Aflatoxin, Roger A. Coulombe Jr.

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Toxins stemming from mold in feed grains are unavoidable in poultry production. "Mycotoxins" such as aflatoxin B (AFB1) are among the most potent liver-damaging toxins known. AFB1 is also a probable human carcinogen. Poultry are the most sensitive of all farm animals to the toxic effects of even small amounts of AFB1. Although poultry don’t generally live long enough to develop cancers, AFB1-related diseases adversely affect their health. This aflatoxin can cause slowing of growth and decreased resistance to microbial pathogens that make poultry ill. Because these toxins are so pervasive in feed grains, eliminating them has proved either impractical …

Milk Urea Nitrogen Test (Mun), Allen Young

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Videotape - "The Milking School", Clell V. Bagley

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.