Animal Sciences Commons^™

Local And Systemic Actions Of Gnrh Relating To Estradiol And Associated Reproductive Parameters In Beef Cattle, Jerica J.J. Rich

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In cattle, estradiol is responsible for modulating many mechanisms involved in successful reproduction. Specifically estradiol is the primary signal for the initiation of standing estrus (Allrich, 1994), and cattle expressing estrus prior to fixed time AI (FTAI) have been reported to have increased preovulatory estradiol concentrations (Perry and Perry, 2008) and increased pregnancy success compared to animals that did not exhibit estrus (Richardson et al., 2016). Gonadotropin releasing hormone, classically, stimulates estradiol production via the two-cell two-gonadotropin hypothesis (Fortune and Quirk, 1988), and GnRH administered systemically in small doses (5 μg) has been reported to elicit an LH pulse similar …

The Influence Of Chromium Supplementation On The Insulin Pathway, Carcass Traits, And Meat Quality Of Feedlot Steers, Heather Rode

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chromium supplementation (Cr) can increase efficiency of growth in livestock by amplifying insulin signaling. Previous research showed Cr increases nutrient utilization and changes in muscle growth and fat deposition. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine how Cr affects carcass traits, meat quality, and the insulin pathway in feedlot steers. Calf-fed steers were allotted to 0 ppb (CON) or 400 ppb Cr propionate (Cr400) for 210d in experiment 1. Two longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies were collected to examine protein abundance and gene expression after adaptation to a terminal implant and after adaption to ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC). A follow …

Influence Of Dietary Vitamin D3 Supplementation On The Color Changes In Longissimus Lumborum, Vastus Lateralis, Semitendinosus, And Semimembranosus Beef Muscles, Urszula Karolina Rafalska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary vitamin D3 supplementation on changes in color and heme pigment (myoglobin and metmyoglobin) in 4 beef muscles. The muscles came from 48 crossbred bulls that were subjected to supplementation with vitamin D3 at 4 different doses: 0.0 (control group), 3.5, 7.0, and 10.0 x 106 IU. The 3.5 x 106 IU dose was administered daily for 6 days, before the morning feeding. Four days before slaughter, the supplementation was withdrawn. The dose of 7.0 and 10.0 x 106 IU was administered for 3 days and withdrawn 7 days …

Department For Agriculture And Food – Northern Beef Futures: Valuing Security Of Supply, Department Of Agriculture And Food Wa

Animal production and livestock published reports

The DAFWA-NBF project is committed to identifying growth and value creation opportunities for the WA Beef industry and have engaged PwC to estimate the value of increased security of supply.

A joint PwC/NBF team have developed a WA beef value chain model to better understand the industry’s potential and establish the potential value associated with changes in the security of supply.

Results indicate that, over a five to twelve year timeframe, the WA Beef industry might have the potential to grow cattle disposals, double revenue to $1.2B and increase profit by $0.5B.

A diversified market which includes Japan and China …

Effects Of Feeding Field Peas On Fresh Beef Quality, Hope Voegele

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of field peas during two phases of production (grazing and finishing) on fresh beef quality. A total of 232 crossbred steers and heifers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a 3x2 factorial consisting of 3 pasture and 2 finishing supplementations. The pasture phase consisted of 1) no supplement, 2) field peas at 0.5% BW, or 3) dry-rolled corn supplement at 0.5% of BW. The finishing phase consisted of 1) field peas at 20% DM or 2) no field peas. During this two-year study, steers (year 1) …

Effects Of Field Pea Usage In Growing And Finishing Diets For Beef Cattle, Hannah L. Greenwell

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The value of field peas (FP) as a feedstuff has not been thoroughly assessed and compared to other feeds, such as corn, to better establish an economic value. Field peas are characterized by a high CP content (23-26%), a large portion (80%) being rumen degradable protein (RDP), and containing almost a third less starch (31-40%) than corn. Three research trials were performed to better understand the value of FP as a grazing supplement, finishing diet component, and any effects on digestion. Experiment 1 assessed the value of FP as a grazing supplement compared to corn. Grazing was followed by a …

Metabolomics Approach To Investigate Oxidation Stabilities In Different Bovine Muscles With Postmortem Aging, Danyi Ma

Open Access Theses

Postmortem aging has been extensively practiced in the meat industry for decades due to its beneficial impact on improving eating quality attributes. However, prolonged postmortem aging may adversely impact color and/or lipid oxidation stabilities of meat, leading to decreased display shelf-life and increased rancid off-flavor. As physical/biochemical changes occur during postmortem aging, metabolites that impart antioxidant or pro-oxidant activities are generated or consumed, which could be related to the oxidation stabilities of postmortem muscles with aging. However, the underlying mechanism of the aging-induced oxidation susceptibility has not been fully established. Therefore, the overall objective of this thesis was to understand …

Impact Of Finishing Diets With De-Oiled Distillers Grains Or Antioxidant Containing Supplement On Beef Shelf Life, Katherine I. Domenech-Pérez

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In its entirety this dissertation intended to address the impact of feeding several forms of de-oiled corn distillers grains plus solubles and the effect of supplementing OmniGen-AF as a potential antioxidant source for extending beef shelf life. In study one we learned that despite the de-oiling process, greater inclusion levels (65%, DM basis) of de-oiled wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) causes an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) similar to the levels obtained with full-fat WDGS. Lower inclusion levels (35 and 50%, DM basis) of de-oiled WDGS have intermediate PUFA content in comparison to 65% de-oiled WDGS, full-fat WDGS …

Comparison Of Real-Time Pcr And Elisa-Based Methods For The Detection Of Beef And Pork In Processed Meat Products, Adam T. Perestam, Kayleigh K. Fujisaki, Omar Nava, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Two commonly used methodologies for species detection within processed meat products are real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a DNA-based method, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a protein-based method. In this study, a real-time PCR assay was compared to a commercial ELISA kit based on sensitivity, specificity, agreement among duplicate samples, cost, time, and ease of use. Fifteen reference samples containing known percentages (0.1–99.9%, w/w) of pork and beef were analyzed in duplicate using both methods. Thirty commercial products, including sausages, pet treats, and canned meats, were also tested in duplicate with each method. Reference sample analysis showed real-time PCR was …

Potential For Rangeland Grassfed Assurance Programs In Western Australia, Eric Broad

Animal production and livestock published reports

The access to large aquifers in the Pilbara region, the investment in mosaic irrigation, the global consumer demand for certified grassfed product and the need to back any branded product with an auditable assurance program were all key factors contributing to the undertaking of this project.

The project conducted a desktop review of existing global grassfed certification programs, undertook modelling to determine the projected viability for grassfed beef, engaged with producers, butchers and processors in Western Australia to determine the potential for developing a Grassfed Assurance Program for Western Australia.

All sectors of the supply chain expressed support for the …

The Effect Of Salt Reduction On The Microbial Composition And Quality Characteristics Of Sliced Roast Beef And Turkey, Chad Gary Bower

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study analyzed the effects of salt reduction on microbiological composition and quality characteristics of deli-style turkey breast and roast beef. Turkey breast and roast beef were manufactured with four different salt concentrations: 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% on a meat block basis in addition to sugar, phosphate, and water. Samples were cooked, chilled overnight, sliced, and packaged. On the day of slicing, samples were evaluated for water activity, cooking yield, proximate composition and percent salt. Samples were evaluated throughout 18w of refrigerated storage for pH, texture profile analysis, aerobic plate count (APC), and anaerobic plate count. Bacterial communities were …

Comparison Of Wet And Dry Distillers Grains Plus Solubles To Corn As An Energy Source In Forage-Based Diets, Nerissa Ann Ahern, Brandon L. Wingeyer, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson, Andrea K. Watson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Four experiments compared wet or dry distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS or DDGS) to corn as energy sources in forage-based diets. In Exp. 1, 66 individually fed steers (268 kg of initial BW) were fed a 60:40 blend of sorghum silage and alfalfa hay and supplemented at 0, 0.33, 0.67, or 1.0% of BW with either WDGS or DDGS. In Exp. 2, 160 steers (286 kg of initial BW) were fed 25% WDGS or 33.6% dry rolled corn (DRC) in 35% sorghum silage and grass hay diets (DM basis). In Exp. 3, 60 individually fed steers (231 kg of initial …

The Effect Of Packaging Method And Dietary Vitamin D3 Supplementation On The Quality Of Beef In Rectus Femoris, Gluteus Medius, And Adductor Femoris Beef Muscles, Aleksandra Lipinska, Andrzej Póltorak, Agnieszka Wierzbicka, Jaroslaw Wyrwisz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The goal of the study was to assess the impact of packaging methods and doses of vitamin D3 fed to animals (with feed) in the last days of finishing on selected indicators of beef quality. The parameters studied include the measurement of CIE L*, a*, and b* colour spaces and the Warner?Bratzler shear force. The muscles used in the study were the m. rectus femoris, m. gluteus medius, and m. adductor femoris, which were packed in two variants of modified atmosphere (MAP1, 80% O2:20% CO2 and MAP2, 60% O2:40% CO2) and in skin-pack technology; they were later aged for 10 …

Effect Of Aging Time And Retail Displaying Period With A Short-Term Temperature Abuse On Color Stability Of Two Beef Muscles, Derico Setyabrata, Hyun-Wook Kim, Yuan H. Brad Kim

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Meat color and tenderness are two most important quality factors affecting consumers’ decision on meat purchasing. Post-mortem meat aging has been widely practiced to improve palatability attributes, but could be adversely related to meat color. In particular, temperature abuse during aging or retail display can negatively affect the color stability of aged meat. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of aging time and short-term temperature abuse during display on color stability of two beef muscles (M. longissimus dorsi, LD and semitendinosus, ST). LD and ST muscles were separated from three beef carcasses, vacuum-packaged …

Effects Of Feeding Distillers Grains Throughout Different Phases Of Production On Shelf Life Of Ground Beef, Brandy D. Cleveland

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

These studies analyzed the effects of feeding distillers grains on the shelf life of cooked and raw ground beef, and how the addition of postmortem or dietary antioxidants impact shelf life.

For study one, cattle were assigned to backgrounding diets containing low or high concentrations of wet distillers grains (WDGS) and either corn gluten feed or modified wet distillers grains (MDGS) during finishing. For study two, cattle were fed one of five finishing diets; corn, wet distillers grains (WDGS), WDGS + vitamin E, WDGS + Ethoxyquin/TBHQ, or WDGS + vitamin E + Ethoxyquin/TBHQ.

Shoulder clods from each dietary treatment were …

Impact Of Wet Distillers' Grains Plus Solubles And Antioxidants On A Basic Mechanism Of Beef Tenderization, Michael D. Chao

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Feeding high levels of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) increases polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in beef. Perhaps, WDGS in feedlot diets increases PUFA concentration in the SR membrane, thereby altering membrane integrity, resulting in more rapid calcium leakage and improved tenderness. Feeding antioxidants may mitigate such effects. In the first study, effects of feeding 50 % WDGS on SR membrane composition, free calcium concentration and tenderness were studied. The SR membrane from steers fed WDGS were more tender, had higher free calcium concentration, had more PUFA, more phosphatidylcholine (PC), less phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and less total phospholipids when compared …

A Study Evaluating Genetic Trends And Molecular Predisposition To Improved Carcass Quality Of Brahman And Brahman Influenced Cattle, Amanda M. Royer

LSU Master's Theses

The first objective of the current study was to evaluate genetic trends from 10 years of the American Brahman Breeders Association Carcass Evaluation Program from 2004 to 2013. Changes of performance in growth, carcass composition, and carcass quality traits were evaluated. Overall means were calculated to report the total average for each trait along with an average rate of change per year. Growth traits evaluated included feedlot entrance weight (INWT), harvest weight (HRVWT), and average daily gain (ADG). Carcass composition and quality traits evaluated included hot carcass weight (HCW), rib eye area (REA), marbling score (MARB), dressing percent (DP), quality …

Relationships Between Sarcomere Length And Basic Composition Of Infraspinatus And Longissimus Dorsi Muscle, Dominika Guzek, Dominika Glabska, Krzysztof Glabski, Grzegorz Pogorzelski, Jerzy Barszczewski, Agnieszka Wierzbicka

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sarcomere length and basic composition (water, protein, ash, collagen, and fat content including marbling) of beef muscles with fast-twitch glycolytic (longissimus dorsi muscle) and slow-twitch oxidative fibers (infraspinatus muscle) in Limousin bulls. Samples (n = 15) were obtained from federally inspected slaughter facilities, and animals used in the experiment were treated according to standard ethical norms. The shortest sarcomeres were observed for longissimus dorsi from striploin, and the longest for infraspinatus muscle. Additionally, the influence of both cut and animal was observed. In both cases of muscles, sarcomere length …

Effects Of Feeding Distillers Grains Throughout A Yearling Heifer Beef Production System On Meat Quality Attributes And Effects Of Omnigen-Af With Ractopamine Hydrochloride On Animal Performance And Beef Carcass Characteristics Of Feedlot Steers, Kelby M. Sudbeck

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Heifers (n = 229; 225 kg ± 2) were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial to determine the effects of longterm exposure to corn distillers grains plus solubles (DGS) on meat quality characteristics. Factors included supplementing 0.91 kg (LW) or 2.3 kg (HW) modified DGS (MDGS) while grazing corn stalks; 0.6% BW dry DGS (SS) daily or none (NS) during summer grazing; and finishing diet containing 40% wet corn gluten feed (CGF) or 40% MDGS (DGF) on a DM basis. An interaction was observed within CGF for discoloration, with SS increasing discoloration 30%; but no differences between …

Genetic Parameter Estimates And Breed Effects For Calving Difficulty And Birth Weight In A Multi-Breed Population, Cashley Ahlberg

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

There are multiple breeds of beef cattle available to utilize in breeding systems to maximize production and economics. Calving difficulty (dystocia) is a significant cost to beef production and is more prevalent in first-calf heifers. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and breed differences for calving difficulty and birth weight as a first step towards the development of across-breed adjustment factors for calving difficulty.

Two models were employed to analyze birth weight (BWT) and calving difficulty (CD) recorded on 4,579 first parity females from the Germplasm Evaluation program at the United States Meat Animal Research Center …

Genome Wide Association Study Of Cholesterol And Poly- And Monounsaturated Fatty Acids, Protein, And Mineral Content Of Beef From Crossbred Cattle, C. M. Ahlberg, Lauren N. Schiermiester, J. T. Howard, Chris R. Calkins, Matthew L. Spangler

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives were to determine the variation explained by the BovineSNP50v2 BeadChip for cholesterol (CH), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), protein, and minerals in beef cattle, and to identify chromosomal regions that harbor major allelic variants underlying the variation of these traits. Crossbred steers and heifers (n = 236) segregating at the inactive myostatin allele on BTA2 were harvested and steaks were sampled from the M. semitendinosus and the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum for nutrient analysis. A Bayes C algorithm was employed in genome-wide association analysis. The resulting posterior heritability (SD) estimates ranged from 0.43 (0.10) …

Beef Cattle Lesson Plans: For Use In The Education Of School-Age Children In The Beef Cattle Industry, Katherine M. Halloran, Cheyenne H. Love

Animal Science

This project was initially created for use at Fort Hope in Arroyo Grande, California. It designs lesson plans created to teach children about the beef cattle industry. The project consists of lesson plans for three age groups: 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15. Each age group will learn various aspects about beef cattle, and lessons will increase in complexity as the children advance age groups. The groups will spend six days in lecture completing worksheets and activities, and on the seventh day, after completion of a review game, the children receive certificates. While the project was created specifically for the Fort Hope …

Comparison Of Wet Or Dry Distillers Grains Plus Solubles To Corn As An Energy Source In Forage Based Diets And In Vitro Forage Standard Development Based On In Vivo Digestibilities Utilizing Brome Hay, Prairie Hay And Meadow Hay, Nerissa Ann Ahern

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Four growing experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of dry rolled corn (DRC) and either dry (DDGS) or wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) as energy sources in high forage diets. In Exp. 1, steers were fed a blend of sorghum silage and alfalfa hay and supplemented 1 of 4 inclusions of WDGS, DDGS or a MIX (67% WDGS: 33% Straw). In Exp. 2, Exp. 3 and Exp. 4, steers were fed diets including WDGS, DDGS or DRC at different inclusions, replacing sorghum silage and grass hay. In Exp. 1, WDGS, DDGS and MIX produced greater ending BW, ADG …

Evaluation Of Forage Soybean Yield And Quality Characteristics And Potential As A Feed Resource For Developing Replacement Beef Heifers, Emily G. Taylor

Open Access Theses

Two agronomic studies were conducted to evaluate the yield and quality potentials of forage soybean (Glycine max ( L .)) grown with and without pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L .)). Results indicate that there were no differences between row spacings of 18 cm or 36 cm and targeted populations of 469,500 seeds ha-1 or 234,750 seeds ha-1 on dry matter yield or overall quality of the forage soybean. While harvest date had significant effects on quality as the crop matured, forage soybean as a monoculture proved to be a very forgiving crop, and recovered in quality as …

Production Management Factors Affecting Inherent Beef Flavor: The Role Of Post-Weaning Forage, Energy Supplementation, Finishing Diets, And Aging Periods, Kimberly A. Varnold

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Projects were conducted to determine effects of diet and aging periods on inherent beef flavor characteristics by relating biochemical constituents of meat, consumer acceptability, and lexicon flavor notes of two different muscles. Prediction equations were also created. Warm-season grasses caused increased concentrations of moisture, heme iron, and zinc in L. dorsi steaks. Aging 28 d instead of 7 d caused increased pH, carbohydrate, and heme and non-heme iron concentrations in B. femoris steaks. Warm-season grasses caused decreased concentrations in a majority of fatty acids, specifically when supplementation was not provided. Few differences were observed with cool-season grasses. Provision of wet …

Effect Of Forage Type And Corn Supplementation On Animal Performance And Meat Quality, Asher Wright

All Theses

Angus x Hereford steers (441 ± 24 kg; n = 32) were used in a 2-yr study (2011 and 2012) to examine forage type (legume species, alfalfa and soybeans LG vs. grass species, tall fescue and sudangrass, GR) and daily corn supplementation (0%, NS, vs. 0.75% BW, CS) on animal performance and carcass quality. Steers grazed (May-August) for a total of 98 d and 105 d in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Upon completion of the finishing period, steers were slaughtered and carcass data were collected. Steaks (2.5 cm thick) from the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) were collected for measurement of …

Evaluation Of Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae In Retail Poultry And Beef, Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge, Emily Rotich, Samuel N. Nahashon

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

There has been increasing concern on the emergence of multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens from foods of animal origin, including poultry. The current study aimed to evaluate antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from raw retail chicken/turkey parts (thigh, wings, breast, and ground) and beef meat (ground and chunks) in Middle Tennessee. Resistance of the collected Enterobacteriaceae to a panel of antibiotics was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. Retail meats were also assayed for the presence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Two hundred thirty-seven samples representing 95.2% of the total of 249 samples tested were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. The level of contamination …

Effects Of Forage Species Or Concentrate Finishing On Animal Performance, Carcass And Meat Quality, S. K. Duckett, J. P.S. Neel, Ronald M. Lewis, J. P. Fontenot, W M. Clapham

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Angus-cross steers (n = 128; initial BW = 270 ± 3.8 kg) were used in a 3-yr study to assess effects of forage species grazed before slaughter versus concentrate finishing on carcass and meat quality. At the completion of the stockering phase, steers were randomly allotted to mixed pasture (MP; n = 36/yr) or corn-silage concentrate (CON; n = 12/yr) finishing treatments. At 40 d before harvest, MP steers were randomly divided into 3 forage species treatments: alfalfa (AL), pearl millet (PM), or mixed pasture (MP). Average daily BW gain was greater (P = 0.001) for CON than …

Evaluation Of 54 Years Of Louisiana Bull Testing, And Snp Affecting Growth And Performance Of Yearling Bulls On A Forage Performance Bull Test, Tabitha Howard

LSU Master's Theses

The first objective of these two studies was to evaluate genetic trends for bulls that have comprised the LSU AgCenter Dean Lee performance bull test for the past 55 years. Data included birth weight (BW), initial weight, 112-day weight, average daily gain (ADG), adjusted yearling weight, and scrotal circumference (SC), on 7,488 yearling bulls of 34 breeds on 112d of test for the last 55 years. The top 4 represented bull breeds with greater than 500 animals (Angus, Charolais, Hereford, and Simmental) were included in this analysis. Analyses revealed that growth traits for all bulls regardless of breed demonstrated a …

Alternative Fabrication Methods For The Beef Carcass, Justine J. Hosch

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

To fabricate heavier beef carcasses alternative fabrication methods for the chuck and round were evaluated. Carcasses (364 to 386 kg) were selected for forequarter (n=32) and hindquarter (n=30) evaluation. Forequarter breaks at the third/fourth and fifth/sixth rib, with the rib beginning at the sixth/seventh rib, were processed into whole muscles. Bone, lean trim, fat, and muscles were weighed and Longissimus dorsi (LD) steaks were subject to Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBS). Both subprimals had over 60% lean yield and no differences among WBS results (P=0.49, 0.39, respectively). To evaluate effects of modifying the chuck/rib break short rib …