Animal Sciences Commons^™

Wolf, Canis Lupus, Visits To White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus, Summer Ranges: Optimal Foraging?, Dominic J. Demma, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

We tested whether Wolf (Canis lupus) visits to individual female White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) summer ranges during 2003 and 2004 in northeastern Minnesota were in accord with optimal-foraging theory. Using GPS collars with 10- to 30-minute location attempts on four Wolves and five female deer, plus eleven VHF-collared female deer in the Wolves’ territory, provided new insights into the frequency of Wolf visits to summer ranges of female deer. Wolves made a mean 0.055 visits/day to summer ranges of deer three years and older, significantly more than their 0.032 mean visits/day to ranges of two-year-old deer, …

Mice Deficient In The Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Vrk1 Are Infertile Due To A Progressive Loss Of Spermatogonia, Matthew S. Wiebe, R. Jeremy Nichols, Tyler P. Molitor, Jill K. Lindgren, Paula Traktman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The VRK1 protein kinase has been implicated as a proproliferative factor. Genetic analyses of mutant alleles of the Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans VRK1 homologs have revealed phenotypes ranging from embryonic lethality to mitotic and meiotic defects with resultant sterility. Herein, we describe the first genetic analysis of murine VRK1. Two lines of mice containing distinct gene-trap integrations into the Vrk1 locus were established. Insertion into intron 12 (GT12) spared VRK1 function, enabling the examination of VRK1 expression in situ. Insertion into intron 3 (GT3) disrupted VRK1 function, but incomplete splicing to the gene trap rendered this allele hypomorphic (~15% of …

Selection For Immune Responses To Porcine Circovirus (Pcvz) To Decrease Incidence Of Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (Pcvad), Jared S. Bates, Roman Moreno, Alan R. Doster, Rodger K. Johnson

Nebraska Swine Reports

Genetic and environmental effects on incidence of Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) and immune responses to Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCVZ), and their relationships with body weights were studied in 3,440 pigs of the Nebraska litter size selection lines. Pigs were weighed at birth, weaning, 65, and 180 days of age and scored for symptoms of PCVAD every 10 days from 70 to 180 days of age. Necropsies were performed to confirm accuracy of scoring. PCV2 viremia, and antibodies to PCV2, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae were measured in serum from blood samples drawn at various …

Effect Of Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Gilts With Previous Exposure To Ddgs In The Nursery, Thomas E. Burkey, Phillip S. Miller, Roman Moreno, Erin E. Carney

Nebraska Swine Reports

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of high concentrations of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 30%) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of gilts, during growing-finishing, that were previously fed high concentrations of DDGS during the nursery phase. Overall (week I to 16), the following observations are noteworthy: 1) among pigs that were fed DDGS in the nursery, average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight (BW) tended (P < 0.10) to be lower during growing-finishing compared to pigs that did not receive DDGS in the nursery; 2) among pigs that received DDGS during growing-finishing, ADG tended (P < 0.10) to be lower compared to pigs that did not receive DDGS during growing-finishing; and 3) among pigs that received DDGS in both the nursery and during growing-finishing, ADG and final BW was decreased (P < 0.04) compared to pigs with no prior exposure to DDGS. With respect to carcass characteristics, loth-rib back fat was greater (P < 0.05) at the end of finisher 2 among pigs that did not receive DDGS in the nursery and hot carcass weight tended (P < 0.07) to be decreased among pigs that received DDGS in both the nursery and during growing finishing. This research indicates that the inclusion of high concentrations of DDGS in both the nursery and growing finishing periods may result in negative effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics

Effect Of Dam Parity On Growth Performance And Immunity Of Weaned Pigs, Erin E. Carney, Huyen Tran, Justin W. Bundy, Roman Moreno, Phillip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey

Nebraska Swine Reports

The growth performance of weaned pigs derived from different parities has not been previously evaluated; however, unpublished and anecdotal observations suggest that progeny derived from first parity (PI) dams have reduced health status and growth performance compared to progeny derived from mature sows (2 P2). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dam parity on growth performance and immune response of PI and P4 progeny during the nursery phase o fproduction. Results from this experiment suggest that P4 progeny have increased body weight and growth performance during the nursery phase of production compared to PI …

Effect Of Dam Parity On Litter Performance And Passive Immunity, Erin E. Carney, Huyen Tran, Justin W. Bundy, Roman Moreno, Matthew W. Anderson, Jeffrey M. Perkins, Phillip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey

Nebraska Swine Reports

Preliminary experiments (reported in the 2008 Nebraska Swine Report) suggest that progeny health status may be affected by dam parity. However, the preliminary experiments only included a small population of sows and their progeny Therefore, the objective of the current experiment was to evaluate litter performance and the production and passive transfer of immunoglobulins (Ig) in dams (PI vs. P4) and their progeny. Litter birth weight tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for P4 progeny compared to P1 progeny. No effects of dam parity were observed on circulating Ig in dams during gestation or at parturition. However, concentrations of IgA tended (P <0.09) to be greater for P4 sows compared to P1 gilts in samples of colostrum and milk and serum IgG concentrations were greater (P < 0.02) for P4 progeny compared to P1 progeny across all preweaning samples. These results suggest that litter performance and health status may be affected by dam parity.

Nutrition During Gilt Development And Genetic Line Affect Reproductive Rate Through Parity 1, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller, Roman Moreno, Matthew W. Anderson, Jeffrey M. Perkins, Kelsey Rhynalds, Trevor J. Glidden, Donald R. Mcclure, Thomas E. Mcgargill

Nebraska Swine Reports

Effects of allowing gilts ad libitum access to feed until breeding age or developing them with 25% energy restriction from 123 days of age to breeding on reproductive success through parity I were studied with a total of 639 gilts of two lines that differ in lean growth and reproduction. Gilts of the two lines had common sires, an industry maternal line, but dams were from different populations. One line of gilts, LW x LR, represented standard industry Large White x Landrace cross females. The other gilts, L45X, were daughters of Nebraska selection Line 45 that has been selected 27generations …

Effects Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) And Paylean" Supplementation On Growth Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, Roman Moreno, Phillip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey, Matthew Anderson, Jeffrey Perkins, Donald R. Mcclure, Thomas Mcgargill

Nebraska Swine Reports

Forty pigs were used in a 14-week, +phase regime study conducted to evaluate the feeding value of diets with varying concentrations of DDGS for growing-finishing pig formulated on a standardized ileal digestibility (SID) lysine (lys) basis, DDGS withdrawal at the last feeding phase, and ractopamine (RAC) supplementation four weeks prior harvesting. Treatments consisted in 0, 15 or 40% dietary DDGS inclusion supplemented or not with RAC (4.5 ppm) four weeks prior harvesting. Increased dietary DDGS inclusion resulted in a linear reduction in average daily gain (ADG) during the Grower 1 period (P = 0.002). There were no treatment effects (P …

Feeding Value Of Diets For Growing-Finishing Pigs With Varying Concentrations Of Corn Distillers Dried Grain With Solubles (Ddgs), Roman Moreno, Phillip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey, Matthew Anderson, Jeffrey Perkins, Donald R. Mcclure, Thomas Mcgargill

Nebraska Swine Reports

Two-hundred and forty pigs (61.73 lb) were used in a 16-week study conducted to evaluate the feeding value of diets with varying concentrations of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) for growing-finishing pigs. Pigs were assigned to one of four dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of a standard diet formulated on a standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID lys) basis in which a portion of dietary corn and soybean meal were replaced to include 0,5, 10 or 15% of DDGS in a 4-phase feeding regime. Treatment did not affect average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) or gain/feed (G:F) during …

Economy Of Adding Fibrous Feedstuffs To Sow Gestation Diets, Duane E. Reese, Allen Prosch

Nebraska Swine Reports

A previous summary of research results indicated that sows fed high-fiber diets during gestation weaned 0.3 more pigs/litter on the average than sows fed lower-fiber, grain-based diets. Gestation diets containing 18% soybean hulls, 46% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 34% wheat midds, 25% wheat bran, 23% alfalfa meal, 25% sugar beet pulp, or 45% oats provide sows about 350 g/day of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), which may be sufficient to increase litter size weaned by 0.3 pigs per litter. An economic analysis suggests that feeding a diet containing these sources of NDF would increase sow feed ingredient costs from …

Effect Of Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Gilts With Previous Exposure To Ddgs In The Nursery, Thomas E. Burkey, Philip S. Miller, Roman Moreno, Erin E. Carney

Nebraska Swine Reports

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of high concentrations of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 30%) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of gilts, during growing-finishing, that were previously fed high concentrations of DDGS during the nursery phase. Overall (week 1 to 16), the following observations are noteworthy: 1) among pigs that were fed DDGS in the nursery, average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight (BW) tended (P < 0.10) to be lower during growing-finishing compared to pigs that did not receive DDGS in the nursery; 2) among pigs that received DDGS during growing-fi nishing, ADG tended (P < 0.10) to be lower compared to pigs that did not receive DDGS during growing-finishing; and 3) among pigs that received DDGS in both the nursery and during growing-finishing, ADG and fi nal BW was decreased (P < 0.04) compared to pigs with no prior exposure to DDGS. With respect to carcass characteristics, 10th-rib back fat was greater (P < 0.05) at the end of finisher 2 among pigs that did not receive DDGS in the nursery and hot carcass weight tended (P < 0.07) to be decreased among pigs that received DDGS in both the nursery and during growing-finishing. This research indicates that the inclusion of high concentrations of DDGS in both the nursery and growing-finishing periods may result in negative effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics.

Effect Of Dam Parity On Growth Performance And Immunity Of Weaned Pigs, Erin E. Carney, Huyen Tran, Justin W. Bundy, Roman Moreno, Philip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey

Nebraska Swine Reports

The growth performance of weaned pigs derived from different parities has not been previously evaluated; however, unpublished and anecdotal observations suggest that progeny derived from first parity (P1) dams have reduced health status and growth performance compared to progeny derived from mature sows (≥ P2). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dam parity on growth performance and immune response of P1 and P4 progeny during the nursery phase of production. Results from this experiment suggest that P4 progeny have increased body weight and growth performance during the nursery phase of production compared to P1 …

Effects Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) And Paylean® Supplementation On Growth Performance Of Growing-Fi Nishing Pigs, Roman Moreno, Philip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey, Matthew Anderson, Jeffrey Perkins, Donald Mcclure, Thomas Mcgargill

Nebraska Swine Reports

Forty pigs were used in a 14-week, 4-phase regime study conducted to evaluate the feeding value of diets with varying concentrations of DDGS for growing-fi nishing pig formulated on a standardized ileal digestibility (SID) lysine (lys) basis, DDGS withdrawal at the last feeding phase, and ractopamine (RAC)supplementation four weeks prior harvesting. Treatments consisted in 0, 15 or 40% dietary DDGS inclusion supplemented or not with RAC (4.5 ppm) four weeks prior harvesting. Increased dietary DDGS inclusion resulted in a linear reduction in average daily gain (ADG) during the Grower 1 period (P = 0.002). There were no treatment effects (P …

Feeding Value Of Diets For Growing-Finishing Pigs With Varying Concentrations Of Corn Distillers Dried Grain With Solubles (Ddgs), Roman Moreno, Philip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey, Matthew Anderson, Jeffrey Perkins, Donald Mcclure, Thomas Mcgargill

Nebraska Swine Reports

Two-hundred and forty pigs (61.73 lb) were used in a 16-week study conducted to evaluate the feeding value of diets with varying concentrations of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) for growing-finishing pigs. Pigs were assigned to one of four dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of a standard diet formulated on a standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID lys) basis in which a portion of dietary corn and soybean meal were replaced to include 0, 5, 10 or 15% of DDGS in a 4-phase feeding regime. Treatment did not affect average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) or gain/feed (G:F) …

Economy Of Adding Fibrous Feedstuffs To Sow Gestation Diets, Duane Reese, Allen Prosch

Nebraska Swine Reports

A previous summary of research results indicated that sows fed high-fiber diets during gestation weaned 0.3 more pigs/litter on the average than sows fed lower-fiber, grain-based diets. Gestation diets containing 18% soybean hulls, 46% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 34% wheat midds, 25% wheat bran, 23% alfalfa meal, 25% sugar beet pulp, or 45% oats provide sows about 350 g/day of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), which may be sufficient to increase litter size weaned by 0.3 pigs per litter. An economic analysis suggests that feeding a diet containing these sources of NDF would increase sow feed ingredient costs from …

Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an "equal" group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.

At the end of an experiment, the experimenter must decide whether observed treatment differences are due to "real" effects of the treatments or to random differences due to the sample of pigs assigned …

In Vivo And In Vitro Expression Of Porcine Zinc Transporter (Znt) 1 Mrna, Huyen Tran, Phillip Miller, Thomas E. Burkey

Nebraska Swine Reports

Preliminary experiments were carried out to evaluate in vivo expression of zinc transporter (ZnT) 1 mRNA in a panel of tissues obtained from weaned pigs and to evaluate in vitro changes in ZnT1 mRNA in a porcine jejunal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) treated with low (40 μM) or high (80 μM) concentrations of zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) or, in a separate experiment, with low (50 μg/ml) or high (100 μg/mL) concentrations of antibiotics (as gentamicin; GENT). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL) was included as a negative control in both experiments. Zinc transporter 1 mRNA was detected in all tissues evaluated …

Gathering Cows Using Virtual Fencing Methodologies, Dean M. Anderson, Marek Doniec, Carrick Detweiler, Iuliu Vesilescu, Daniela Rus, Barbara Nolen, Roy Libeau

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Free-ranging livestock are classically controlled by herders. Holding, moving, or gathering free-ranging cattle requires flexible husbandry practices for efficient and effective lowstress animal management. Behavioral theory and practical experience indicates cattle can be taught to respond to auditory cues. Preliminary research has demonstrated that cows can be gathered autonomously using recorded audio cues associated with manual gathering. However, efficient gathering requires movement in the proper direction. Therefore, we believe using audio cues administered from directional virtual fencing (DVF™) equipment can facilitate proper animal orientation and facilitate the gathering of animals with minimal human intervention. Results from applying directional audio cues …

Primate Phylogenomics: Developing Numerous Nuclear Non-Coding, Non-Repetitive Markers For Ecological And Phylogenetic Applications And Analysis Of Evolutionary Rate Variation, Zuogang Peng, Navin Elango, Derek E. Wildman, Soojin V. Yi

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Genetic analyses are often limited by the availability of appropriate molecular markers. Markers from neutrally evolving genomic regions may be particularly useful for inferring evolutionary histories because they escape the constraints of natural selection. For the majority of taxa however, obtaining such markers is challenging. Advances in genomics have the potential to alleviate the shortage of neutral markers. Here we present a method to develop numerous markers from putatively neutral regions of primate genomes.

Results

We began with the available whole genome sequences of human, chimpanzee and macaque. Using computational methods, we identified a total of 280 potential …

Sexual Differentiation Of The Zebra Finch Song System: Potential Roles For Sex Chromosome Genes, Michelle L. Tomaszycki, Camilla Peabody, Kirstin Replogle, David F. Clayton, Robert J. Tempelman, Juli Wade

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Recent evidence suggests that some sex differences in brain and behavior might result from direct genetic effects, and not solely the result of the organizational effects of steroid hormones. The present study examined the potential role for sex-biased gene expression during development of sexually dimorphic singing behavior and associated song nuclei in juvenile zebra finches.

Results

A microarray screen revealed more than 2400 putative genes (with a false discovery rate less than 0.05) exhibiting sex differences in the telencephalon of developing zebra finches. Increased expression in males was confirmed in 12 of 20 by qPCR using cDNA from …

Revision Of The Ant Genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) In North America, Cynthia Ellen Morgan

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The natural history of thirty-eight species of the genus Crematogaster in North America has been discussed and distribution of specimens mapped. A dichotomous key to the workers of these species has been developed. I hypothesized that the species richness is not as great as previously thought in North America. A taxonomic review of these species has been made with the following changes:

Crematogaster cerasi Fitch 1855 senior synonym of C. browni Buren1968.

C. coarctata Mayr 1870 senior synonym of C. californica Emery 1895, C. mormonum

Emery 1895 and C. colei Buren1968.

C. depilis Wheeler 1919 senior synonym of C. larreae …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Integrated Responses Of Crustaceans Inhabiting Estuaries To The Challenges Of Feeding And Digestion In Low Salinity, Daniel Luke Curtis

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Estuaries are highly productive and serve as vital habitats for numerous decapod crustacean species. However, the environmental conditions within estuaries are often highly dynamic and subject to large changes in salinity and temperature that occur on seasonal and tidal scales. Not all of the species occupying these habitats are adept in coping with changes in these environmental conditions. This dissertation describes the influence of low salinity conditions on the 1) habitat preference, 2) feeding behaviour and 3) digestive physiology of crustaceans inhabiting estuaries. I have primarily focussed on a weak osmoregulator, the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister , but have also …

Molecular Systematics And Phylogeography Of The Genus Richardsonius, Derek Dee Houston

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The complex geological and climatic events that significantly altered the landscape throughout the Cenozoic Era impacted the diversification of many North American taxa, including freshwater fishes. Here, I employ an array of phylogenetic analyses using a multiple gene tree approach to address several questions regarding the phylogenetic relationships of the North American cyprinid genus Richardsonius and two other closely related genera, Clinostomus and Iotichthys. I also use divergence time estimates generated using fossil calibrations to qualitatively assess the phylogeographic implications of evolution within and among these three genera. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences show a sister relationship between Iotichthys and …

Letter From The Dean, Lalit Verma

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of Zinc Given Intra-Nasally Or Orally To Newly Received Stocker Cattle Against Bovine Respiratory Disease And Effects On Growth Performance, Amy Guernsey, Beth Kegley, Jeremy Powell, Doug Galloway, Alicia White, Steve Breeding

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Beef calves (n = 88) were purchased from regional auction barns and delivered as a single group. Upon arrival, cattle were assigned to eight pens. Pens were assigned randomly to one of three treatments; two pens received 3 mL of a nasal spray solution (10.8 mg Zn/mL) into each nostril using a single-use nasal atomizer; three pens received 40 mL of an oral drench (16.25 mg Zn/mL), and three pens received no Zn at processing (negative control). Appropriate treatments were administered at processing on d 0 of the 43-d study. After treatment, cattle were worked and housed so they did …

Mechanism(S) Of 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol (Tfm) Toxicity In Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus) & Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Oana Birceanu

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The pesticide, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), has been extensively used over the last 50 years to control invasive sea lamprey (P. marinus) populations in the Great Lakes, but its mechanism of toxicity is unresolved. Due to its structural similarity to phenolic compounds known to inhibit mitochondrial ATP production, one hypothesis on the mode of action of TFM is that it impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. A second hypothesis is that TFM targets the gill, interfering with gill ion uptake. Exposure of larval sea lamprey and rainbow trout (O. mykiss), to each animal’s respective 12-h TFM LC50, resulted in marked …

Application Of Multiple Mass Spectrometric Techniques In The Isolation, Determination And Characterisation Of The Marine Toxins; Azaspiracid, Keith O'Callaghan

Theses

The Azaspiracids are a class of polyether marine biotoxins that present a significant health risk to consumers of shellfish. Since their discovery in the late 1990s several human intoxications have been reported, and traced to Irish shellfish farms resulting in closures or harvest rejections. As such incidents involving azaspiracid shellfish poisoning have a major socio-economic impact on communities that rely on shellfish farming revenues.

Recent evidence suggests that azaspiracid poisoning events may become more commonplace. With this increased risk the understanding of azaspiracids mode of action and biological targets becomes crucial. To support these endeavours effective analytical methods need to …

Isolation Of A 3-Methylindole-Producing Bacterium From A Swine Waste Lagoon, Michelle L. Fusting

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

With an increase in animal production closer to populated areas, odorants from animal waste are a rapidly rising concern. 3-Methylindole (3-MI) is an odorant produced from the biodegradation of L-tryptophan by bacteria in animal waste. Currently, no 3-MI producing bacterium has been isolated from swine waste, and isolation of such an organism would provide insight into production and regulation of 3-MI. Therefore, an experiment was designed to isolate a 3-MI producer based on previous work which indicates the presence of Fe(III) increases 3-MI levels. An Enterococcus sp. was isolated from WKU's primary swine waste lagoon in rich, anaerobic medium plus …

Showing Utah 4-H Dressage, Rebecca Lewis, Patricia Evans

All Current Publications

This publication gives information on Dressage which teaches understanding between horse and rider. Dressage develops the horse's physical and mental condition.