Animal Sciences Commons^™

Economic Analysis Of Calf Versus Yearling Finishing, D. J. Jordon, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Rob Cooper, Tony Scott, Galen E. Erickson, Richard T. Clark

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The objective of this report was to compare economics of calf- and yearling- finishing systems. Yearling steers were wintered at 1.54 lb/day (fast) or 0.42 lb/day (slow) then grazed over the summer followed by finishing. Calf-fed steers were purchased in the fall and finished. Profit was based on 1992 to 1999 average price levels. Steers on the fast treatment profited $21.00/head compared to -$20.66/head for slow and -$23.18/head for calf feds. Calf-feeding was also compared to only the finishing phase of yearling systems. Steers on the fast system profited $29.78/head compared to $17.83 for slow and -$23.18 for calf feds.

Subsequent Summer Forage Intake Following Winter Gain Restriction, D. J. Jordon, Dale Downs, Galen E. Erickson, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Data were collected to determine effect of winter gain on forage intake and summer and finishing performance of yearling steers. Steers wintered at reduced gains compensated 17 and 48% over two years. Intake, as a percentage of body weight, was increased for compensating steers. Steers gaining faster in winter had a reduced break even ($67.01 vs 70.05/cwt) and were more profitable ($5.79 vs -31.32/ head) compared to slower gaining steers. Growing animals at faster (1.50 - 1.65 lb/day) compared to slower (0.45 - 0.55 lb/day) rates of winter gain is superior unless 65%-70% compensation is achieved.

Factors Influencing Color Development In Beef, Kevin Kirchofer, Chris R. Calkins, Dennis E. Burson, Kent M. Eskridge

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Color development over time in beef carcasses is affected by chill length, fat thickness and hot carcass weight. Ultimate color can be accurately predicted after 9-12 minutes.

Effects Of Rumensin Level During An Acidosis Challenge, Trey Patterson, Todd Milton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, M. Blackford, Cal Parrott

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Eighteen ruminally cannulated steers were used to determine effects of Rumensin level on incidence and severity of acidosis when an acidosis challenge was imposed. Steers received a high-concentrate finishing diet containing either 0, 30, or 45 grams/ton Rumensin. An acidosis challenge was created by feeding only 50% of diet intake one day followed by 175% of intake the next day, four hours post normal feeding time. Feeding Rumensin decreased feed intake during the prechallenge, challenge and acidosis recovery phase. Compared to 30 grams/ ton, feed intake was decreased by increasing Rumensin to 45 grams/ton during the five days following the …

Supplementing Yearling Summer Grazing Cattle With Fat And Protein And Subsequent Feedlot Performance, Ivan G. Rush

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Yearling steers supplemented with protein (40% - 29% NPN - 19% from biuret) while grazing primarily crested wheat grass in the summer gained at a faster rate than control steers which were only provided a commercial salt/ mineral mix. A lower level of protein (20% - 6.7% NPN)/fat (15% -20%) combination supplement also increased gain over controls, but the supplement response was less than the higher protein supplement. Gain responses were greater during the latter part of the grazing season when forage quality was poorest. Supplementation intake varied but tended to be greater during the latter part of the grazing …

Forage Quality And Animal Performance Of Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass/Legume Pastures, Mark Ullerich, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Bruce Anderson, Michael Trammell

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A trial was conducted to evaluate effects of interseeding legumes into smooth bromegrass pastures on animal performance and forage quality. Animal gains on legume/bromegrass treatments were higher than bromegrass alone. Laboratory analysis of diet samples collected from ruminally fistulated steers indicated no difference in the undegradable intake protein content of pastures. Legume/bromegrass treatments had higher IVDMD than the control. Therefore, the increases in gain are attributed to increased energy of legume/bromegrass diets and not undegradable protein content.

Effect Of Sawdust Or Acid Application To Pen Surfaces On Nitrogen Losses From Open-Dirt Feedlots, John Lory, Julie Adams, Bahman Eghball, Terry J. Klopfenstein, J. F. Powers

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two nutrient management treatments (sawdust or sulfuric acid application to pen surface) were compared to conventional management using 12 pens (10 steers/pen) to determine effects on performance and nitrogen losses from pens. Performance and carcass characteristics for treatments were similar to the control. The sawdust treatment retained more nitrogen in manure when removed from the pen surface and after composting. Increasing carbon by sawdust additions reduced nitrogen losses by 21%. Applying acid to the pen surface did not affect quantity of nitrogen or organic carbon conserved in manure and compost.

Distribution Of Clinostomum Marginatum (Yellow Grub) Metacercaria In Smallmouth Bass Populations From Crooked Creek In North Central Arkansas, James J. Daly, Bruce Deyoung, Terryl L. Hostetler, Randal J. Keller

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Four hundred thirty-three smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) were collected from ten sites on Crooked Creek in North Central Arkansas from just below the city of Harrison to the White River in the summers of 1988-90. Necropsy of these hosts for yellow grub (Clinostomum marginatum) metacercariae showed a range of mean abundance (average/fish) from 1.4 ±1.9 (SD) at a far up stream site to 105 ± 368 at the White River juncture. An increasing mean abundance of C. marginatum was seen from the uppermost sites of the creek downstream to the White River. Relating stream mileage with mean abundance gave a …

Epidermal Papilloma In An Ozark Hellbender (Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis Bishopi) From The Spring River Of Northwest Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, John C. Harshbarger, Patrick Daniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An Ozark hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) with multiple, large, warty skin lesions was collected in the Spring River, Fulton County, Arkansas, in 1994. The specimen was a female, 560 mm in total length, and had a mass of 1,947 g. Tissues were formalin-fixed, and three lesions were processed for histopathology. The normal skin at the tumor margins had a stratified squamous epidermis overlying a loose, well-vascularized, heavily pigmented dermis. Poison glands and mucous glands extended from the epidermis into the dermis. The lesions, in contrast, were masses of epidermal cells up to 100 times thicker than the normal epidermis. They …

Bats Of The Jessieville Ranger District, Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Tobin Fulmer, Tommy Finley, David A. Saugey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During July and August 2000 and 2001, mist nets were set concentrated on three drainages in the Jessieville District of the Ouachita National Forest: North Fork Ouachita River (ten sites), Irons Fork Creek (five sites), and Muddy Creek (two sites). A total of 83 bats representing seven species was caught during 20 evenings (43 net nights). Sampled habitats included pools in road ruts, intermittent streams, man-made ponds on ridgelines, a wet road rut fed by a seep, small drainages that flowed only after a heavy rain, a standing pool in a clearing, and larger streams. Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) …

Hazards Of Fishing Gear To Wildlife Of Lakes In Arkansas, Tobin Fulmer, C. Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Habitat And Abundance Of The Ouachita Darter (Percina Sp. Nov.), Charles J. Gagen, Kendall R. Moles, Lisa J. Hlass, Richard W. Standage

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Select Rodents Of Western And Southwestern Arkansas And Northeastern Texas, Chris T. Mcallister, Joshua E. Kessler

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Parasites Of Four Endemic Plethodon From Arkansas And Oklahoma, Chris T. Mcallister, Charles R. Bursey, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Concentrations Of American Alligator Populations In Arkansas, Christopher L. Watt, Philip A. Tappe, Mark F. Roth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Abnormalities In The Ozark Hellbender, (Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis Bishopi), Benjamin A. Wheeler, Malcolm L. Mccallum, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Pre-Milking Teat Sanitation On The Quality Of Raw Milk, Laurie Depiazzi, Ian Bell

Bulletins 4000 -

The effect of Quartermate pre-milking teat sanitation on milk quality was investigated in twelve dairy herds over a period of eight weeks. Pre-milking teat sanitation was carried out on all cows for six weeks on each of six farms and mesophile and thermophile bacteria counts of raw milks were compared before the milk line (“cluster” samples), and at various points within milking plants. Rates of mastitis, vat milk iodide levels and specific bacteria were also monitored.

Maximising The Lamb Drop, Don Moir

Bulletins 4000 -

Although reproductive rates vary greatly between individual properties, the average marking percentage in Western Australia still hovers around 75%. In the absence of disease it is possible to improve on this figure by undertaking some straight forward management practices at different stages of the reproductive cycle.

Algal Blooms Reduce The Uptake Of Toxic Methylmercury In Freshwater Food Webs, Paul C. Pickhardt, Carol L. Folt, Celia Y. Chen, Bjoern Klaue, Joel D. Blum

Dartmouth Scholarship

Mercury accumulation in fish is a global public health concern, because fish are the primary source of toxic methylmercury to humans. Fish from all lakes do not pose the same level of risk to consumers. One of the most intriguing patterns is that potentially dangerous mercury concentrations can be found in fish from clear, oligotrophic lakes whereas fish from greener, eutrophic lakes often carry less mercury. In this study, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that increasing algal biomass reduces mercury accumulation at higher trophic levels through the dilution of mercury in consumed algal cells. Under bloom dilution, as algal biomass …

Biochemical Components In The Secretion Of The Bulb Urethral Glands Of Llama (Lama Glama) In Three Ages, Demetrio Laruta Flores

Theses and Dissertations

The present study was performed in the Zoo-Technical Engineering department of the Tiahuanaco Rural Academic Unit of the Bolivian Catholic University. The biochemical components of the secretions produced by the bulb urethral glands of male llama that were studied are glucose, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine, total proteins, albumin, total lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Spectrophotometer standardized techniques were used in nine animals of three, four, and five years of age from communities of the Ingavi province. Groups comprised of three animals each were selected by age criteria. After dissecting and separating the pelvic urethra, gland secretion was obtained by finger pressure. The …

Organic Beef A Production Guide, Steven Mccoy

Bulletins 4000 -

Premium markets are expanding worldwide for certified organic and biodynamic beef products – those grown in accordance with recognised organic production and processing standards.

Many agricultural areas in Australia have the potential to produce organic beef, and several Western Australian and Eastern States organic producers are already exporting to Japan. Supermarkets such as Coles and Woolworths have started to build the Australian domestic market.

Converting to an organic system can be easier - requiring fewer changes - in ‘low input’ rangeland cattle production than in more intensive pasture-based or feedlot production. But regardless of the type of enterprise, managing organic …

A Guide To Grazing Systems And Animal Production, Kylie Woodgate, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture, Australian Wool Innovation Ltd.

Bulletins 4000 -

This manual has been produced as a joint venture between the Wool and Meat Programs of Agriculture Western Australia. It is intended to provide current information on most animal production issues today. It has been modified from the current Woolpro and Prograze manuals distributed to farmers and is designed for use mainly by Agricultural Colleges and Secondary Schools teaching Agriculture. It should be used in conjunction with these manuals.

Relative Importance Of Food Items In Feeding Of Chondrostoma Regium Heckel, 1843, And Its Relation With The Time Of Annulus Formation, Aysun Gümüş, Mahmut Yilmaz, Nazmi̇ Polat

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, we analyzed the relative importance of food items of Chondrostoma regium Heckel, 1843. A total of 145 individuals were sampled between April 1993 and March 1994 in Suat Uğurlu Dam Lake. Stomach content analysis was used to determine dietary composition. Relative measures of food item quantity were estimated by two different approaches: the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) and the Geometric Index of Importance (GII). The results from these indices were compared and the most reliable way of estimating dietary composition was discussed. Navicula, Cymbella and Synedra were the most frequently consumed organisms. As C. regium mostly …

New Distributional Records For Rana Bedriagae Caralitana In Anatolia, Uğur Kaya, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, Uğur C. Eri̇şmi̇ş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

We conducted a herpetofaunal survey on the southern part of the Lake District in Anatolia searching and documenting new sites for herptile species. During the two years of our study three new sites, Gencek Lake (Derebucak/Konya), Derebucak (Konya) and Tınaztepe (Seydişehir/Konya), were recorded for Rana bedriagae caralitana. Of these, the two southernmost records extend the distribution of these subspecies in the Lake District of Anatolia.

Quail V: Proceedings Of The Fifth National Quail Symposium (January 23-27, 2002 : Corpus Christi, Texas), Stephen J. Demaso, William P. Kuvelsky Jr., Fidel Hernández, Michael E. Berger

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

PLENARY SESSION

Arizona Quail: Species in Jeopardy? Ron Engel-Wilson and William P. Kuvlesky, Jr.

Emerging Trends in Midwest Bobwhite Culture, Thomas V. Dailey

Quail Management: Issues, Concerns, and Solutions for Public and Private Lands: A Southeastern Perspective, L. Wes Burger

Rangewide Trends in Landuse and Northern Bobwhite Abundance: An Exploratory Analysis, Markus J. Peterson, X. Ben Wu, and Paikho Rho

Keynote Address: Ideas, Landscapes, and Conservation's New Frontier, Shane P. Mahoney

Banquet Remarks: Sustaining the 'Quail Wave' in the Southern Great Plains, Dale Rollins

IMPACTS OF DEPREDATION ON QUAIL

Coyotes: Friend or Foe of Northern Bobwhite in Southern Texas, Scott …

Aging Coyotes Using Dental Characteristics, Michelle Maher

Masters Theses

The accepted methods of age determination in the coyote (Canis latrans) are either highly subjective and unquantifiable or expensive and require the extraction of the canine tooth. Since neither of these methods are ideal, their limitations have impeded research on this species. Therefore, it was my objective to (1) develop and test the accuracy and precision of a descriptive key based on tooth wear patterns on the lower canine tooth, (2) develop and test the reliability of multiple regression models for aging coyotes using measurements from extracted teeth, and (3) suggest criteria for improving the consistency of results …

The Effects Of Indomethacin, Furosemide And Prostaglandin F2 Alpha On Thyroid Hormone Levels In Rams, İzzet Karahan, İbrahi̇m Pi̇ri̇nçci̇, Ahmet Ateşşahi̇n, Feri̇t Gürsu, Gürkan Çikim, Osman Güler

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to investigate the changes occurring in the levels of serum thyroid hormone in rams given indomethacin, furosemide and PGF2\alpha. In the study, 20 Akkaraman rams, approximately 2 years old were used. Indomethacin (3.0 mg/kg), furosemide (2.0 mg/kg) and PGF2\alpha (0.1 mg/kg) were intramuscularly given to the animals in one dose and repeated for four consecutive days. Blood samples were collected after drug administrations. Free-total thyriiodothyrionine and thyroxine (T3 and T4) levels were determined using a hormone autoanalyser. Serum free T3 and T4 levels in rams given PGF2\alpha were found to have fallen compared to the …

Detection Of Infectious Bronchitis Virus In Tracheal Organ Cultures Using The Immunoperoxidase Technique, Ayşi̇n Şen, Gürsel Sönmez, Vi̇ldan Caner, M. Özgür Özyi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The applicability of the immunoperoxidase (IP) technique in unfixed-fresh tracheal organ cultures (TOCs) was investigated for rapid detection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). For this purpose, TOCs prepared from one-day-old SPF chicks were inoculated with IBV M41 strain in serial dilutions. IBV antigen detected by IP technique in TOCs 18 h postinoculation. IP staining was observed before siliostasis in all dilutions. The IP technique was also applied to detect IBV antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of TOCs inoculated with IBV M41 strain. Viral antigen was also detected in these sections. Histopathological examinations of IBV M41 infected tracheal rings showed loss …

Studies On Early Diagnosis Of Rhodococcus Equi Infection By Elisa In Foals From Racehorse Breeding Studfarms In The Marmara Region, N. Yakut Özgür, Serkan İki̇z, Arzu Funda Bağcigi̇l, Babür Cari̇oğlu, Ömer Akay, Ati̇lla Ilgaz, Shinji Takai

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Due to the recent increasing mortality rates in 1- to 4-month-old Thoroughbred foals with Rhodococcus equi infection in Turkey, serum samples from 454 foals between 30 and 60 days on studfarms of the Marmara Region, where the Thoroughbred foal population is concentrated, were investigated by ELISA for early diagnosis of the infection. The Tween 20-extracted antigen of the R. equi ATCC 6939 strain was used in the ELISA. Two hundred and nine (46%) of the 454 foals were found to be ELISA-positive. Optical density (OD) values of 0.3 (positive limit) or higher were detected in 43% of foals aged 30-40 …

Detection Of Cattle Infected With Theileria Annulata In Fields By Nested Pcr, Ifat And Microscopic Examination Of Blood Smears, Zati̇ Vatansever, Serpi̇l Nalbantoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to diagnose Theileria annulata infected cattle by microscopy, IFAT and nested PCR and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of these diagnostic methods. A total of 147 blood and sera samples were collected from healthy cattle in four localities of Polatlı district, Ankara, where tropical theileriosis is prevalent. Examination results revealed positivity rates of 31.3%, 44.9% and 61.2% for microscopy, IFAT and nested PCR, respectively. It was shown that nested PCR is more sensitive and specific when compared to microscopical examination and serological findings. It was also shown that nested PCR is more sensitive …