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2002

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Articles 391 - 420 of 672

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

The Influence Of Sylvatic Plague On North American Wildlife At The Landscape Level, With Special Emphasis On Black-Footed Ferret And Prairie Dog Conservation, Michael F. Antolin, Pete Gober, Bob Luce, Dean E. Biggins, William E. Van Pelt, David B. Seery, Micael Lockhart, Mark Ball Jan 2002

The Influence Of Sylvatic Plague On North American Wildlife At The Landscape Level, With Special Emphasis On Black-Footed Ferret And Prairie Dog Conservation, Michael F. Antolin, Pete Gober, Bob Luce, Dean E. Biggins, William E. Van Pelt, David B. Seery, Micael Lockhart, Mark Ball

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

"Prairie-dogs are distributed over a large part of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions. Their colonies often number thousands of individuals, and their destruction of grasses and other forage plants makes them of considerable economic importance. Drastic measures are frequently necessary to prevent the destruction of crops of grain and hay. The Biological Survey is exterminating these rodents in national forests and in the public domain. The information in this report, in regards to the several species and their distribution, as indicated by maps, will aid materially in efforts, national or state, to control or exterminate them," said Henry …

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Bioavailability And Exposure Assessment Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons And Trace Elements In Birds Nesting Near The North Platte River, Casper, Wyoming, Kimberly Dickerson, Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Ken Allen Jan 2002

Bioavailability And Exposure Assessment Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons And Trace Elements In Birds Nesting Near The North Platte River, Casper, Wyoming, Kimberly Dickerson, Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Ken Allen

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The objectives of this study were to compare refinery-related petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and nestling house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) at sites along the North Platte River Casper, Wyoming in 1997 and 1998; and to determine if contaminants were present in concentrations that could adversely affect the birds. Because trace element concentrations, mixed function oxidase activity, and the variation in DNA are often associated with petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in birds, each was measured as indicators of petroleum contamination. Sediment and aquatic invertebrates were also sampled for characterizing a possible contaminant source to …

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Niacin And Vitamin B12 Requirements Of Weanling Pigs, Sara S. Blodgett, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Robert Fischer Jan 2002

Niacin And Vitamin B12 Requirements Of Weanling Pigs, Sara S. Blodgett, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Robert Fischer

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to assess the responsiveness of weanling pigs to increased dietary concentrations of niacin and vitamin B12. The purpose of the experiment was to determine if the niacin and vitamin B12 requirements of nursery pigs are greater than the NRC (1998) recommendations for 11 to 22 lb pigs. Pigs (initial weight 9.4 lb) were fed one of four diets for a total of 35 days: 1) Negative control, common nursery diet with no added niacin or vitamin B12; 2) Niacin, common nursery diet with 22.7 µg/lb added niacin; 3) B12, …

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Managing Swine Dietary Phosphorus To Meet Manure Management Goals, Mike Brumm, Charles A. Shapiro, William L. Kranz Jan 2002

Managing Swine Dietary Phosphorus To Meet Manure Management Goals, Mike Brumm, Charles A. Shapiro, William L. Kranz

Nebraska Swine Reports

A demonstration was carried out for 15 months at a 1,200-head growing- finishing facility in Holt County, Neb. The purpose was to document the impact of diet formulation on phosphorus excretion and the associated land area needed to utilize the phosphorus in the accumulated manure. The demonstration facility had four 300-head rooms. Prior to the demonstration, pigs in all rooms were fed diets formulated to contain 0.55-0.57% total phosphorus for all phases of growth. For the demonstration, two rooms were fed diets formulated to the University of Nebraska recommended levels for available phosphorus. The other two rooms were fed diets …

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Phytase Sources In Pelleted Diets, Mike Brumm Jan 2002

Phytase Sources In Pelleted Diets, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine whether there were differences in performance between two commercial sources of phytase when added to corn and soybean meal-based diets prior to pelleting. Pelleted diets investigated for growing-finishing barrows of high-lean-gain-potential included: 1) University of Nebraska recommended formulations; 2) diets formulated to contain 0.1% less available phosphorus than recommended; 3) diets formulated with 500 FYT/kg added phytase from Ronozyme-P®; 4) diets formulated with 750 FYT/kg added phytase from Ronozyme-P®; 5) diets formulated with 500 FTU/kg added phytase from Natuphos®; and 6) diets formulated with 750 FTU/kg added phytase from Natuphos®. Temperature of the pellets …

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Dietary Amino Acid Utilization For Body Protein Deposition — Current And Future Research, Janeth J. Colina, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller Jan 2002

Dietary Amino Acid Utilization For Body Protein Deposition — Current And Future Research, Janeth J. Colina, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

In modern pork production it is important to maximize the animal’s potential for daily lean gain by increasing the body protein deposition with as little wastage of the ingested amino acids as possible. Therefore, it is important to maximize the efficiency with which dietary amino acids are used for protein deposition or lean gain. This efficiency is measured by using nitrogen balance studies or comparative slaughter procedures. Supplementing swine diets with crystalline amino acids and replacing part of the dietary protein can reduce diet cost and will also reduce the amount of nitrogen excreted in manure. However, it has been …

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Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report Jan 2002

Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.

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Defining The Optimal Feed Budget System For Terminal-Crossed, Growing-Finishing Barrows, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Darren J. Critser Jan 2002

Defining The Optimal Feed Budget System For Terminal-Crossed, Growing-Finishing Barrows, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Darren J. Critser

Nebraska Swine Reports

This experiment was conducted to evaluate growth performance and carcass quality measurements in growing-finishing barrows assigned to different feed budget systems. Forty-eight barrows with an initial body weight of 47.3 lb were randomly allotted to one of three different feed budget systems. The experiment was continued until the average body weight was 270 lb, at which time all pigs were slaughtered. Growth performance and real-time ultrasound measurements were taken biweekly, except for the final period, which was 24 days. Carcass tenth-rib backfat and longissimus muscle area measurements were made 24 hours postmortem. Overall, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was affected …

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Comparison Of Swine Performance When Fed Diets Containing Roundup Ready® Corn, Parental Line Corn, Or Two Commercial Corns, Robert L. Fischer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller Jan 2002

Comparison Of Swine Performance When Fed Diets Containing Roundup Ready® Corn, Parental Line Corn, Or Two Commercial Corns, Robert L. Fischer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

This experiment was conducted to evaluate growth performance and carcass quality measurements in growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing either Roundup Ready® corn expressing the CP4 EPSPS protein, the parental control corn, or two commercial sources of nongenetically modified corn. The experiment used 72 barrows and 72 gilts with an initial body weight of 50 lb. The pigs were allotted to a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (two sexes x four corn hybrids). The experiment continued until the average body weight was 255 lb, at which time all pigs were slaughtered. Realtime ultrasound …

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Influence Of Linoleic Acid Isomers On Body Fat, Kim Hargrave, Kristin Nollette, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Jess L. Miner Jan 2002

Influence Of Linoleic Acid Isomers On Body Fat, Kim Hargrave, Kristin Nollette, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Jess L. Miner

Nebraska Swine Reports

In two studies, mice were fed diets containing either individual conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers or a mixture of isomers in the presence or absence of dietary essential fatty acids. Mice fed the C18:2 Δ10,12 CLA isomer lost as much body fat as mice fed a mixture of isomers. This effect was not observed when the mice were fed the C18:2 Δ9,11 isomer or when feed intake was restricted. The loss of body fat was much greater in mice consuming an essential fatty acid deficient diet versus a control diet. This supports our hypothesis that for CLA to deplete body …

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Economic Analyses Of Feeding 18 G Per Ton Paylean® To Crosses Of The Ne Index Line, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller, D. B. Petry, R. F. Fischer Jan 2002

Economic Analyses Of Feeding 18 G Per Ton Paylean® To Crosses Of The Ne Index Line, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller, D. B. Petry, R. F. Fischer

Nebraska Swine Reports

Economic returns per pig for F1 and terminal cross barrows and gilts of the NE Index line when fed a diet with or without PAYLEAN® at 18 g per ton for 28 d before slaughter were compared. Although not significant, terminal cross pigs with 25% Line I genes were more profitable than F1 pigs with 50% Line I genes and gilts were more profitable than barrows. Several scenarios were modeled to evaluate the economic returns from feeding PAYLEAN®. Increased profits were similar across lines and sexes but varied depending on whether intransit death losses were considered treatment effects. …

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Effects Of Glutamine On Growth Performance And Small Intestine Villus Height In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Robert L. Fischer Jan 2002

Effects Of Glutamine On Growth Performance And Small Intestine Villus Height In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Robert L. Fischer

Nebraska Swine Reports

The pig’s small intestinal structure and function is altered during the days that follow weaning. As a consequence, the digestive and absorptive capacity of weanling pigs may decrease during this period, and this may be partially responsible for the post-weaning growth lag. Additionally, health benefits may be associated with an improved small intestinal structure and function during the early post-weaning period. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of crystalline glutamine and (or) diet complexity on small intestine villus height and growth performance of 18-day-old pigs. During the 21-day trial, no differences in villus height were observed between pigs …

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Factors Affecting Bacon Color And Composition, J. E. Mann, Roger W. Mandigo, Dennis E. Burson, R. Garza Jan 2002

Factors Affecting Bacon Color And Composition, J. E. Mann, Roger W. Mandigo, Dennis E. Burson, R. Garza

Nebraska Swine Reports

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genetic line, diet, sex, slaughter weight and location within the slab on the proximate composition and color of bacon lean and fat. Bacon slabs manufactured from bellies of 756 barrows and gilts of six different genetic lines equally distributed among four feeding regimes, with differing lysine levels, and three weight groups and processed into sliced retail bacon (nine slices/inch) were used. Sliced bacon slabs were divided into five equally sized sections and two bacon slices were taken from the anterior end of each for machine vision and proximate analyses. …

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Growth And Carcass Responses In The Ne Index Line Estimated In Pure-Line And Crossbred Litters, D. B. Petry, J. W. Holl, Rodger K. Johnson Jan 2002

Growth And Carcass Responses In The Ne Index Line Estimated In Pure-Line And Crossbred Litters, D. B. Petry, J. W. Holl, Rodger K. Johnson

Nebraska Swine Reports

The objective was to estimate responses in growth and carcass traits in the NE Index line (I) that was selected 19 generations for increased litter size. Responses in pure-line, F1 and 3-way cross litters were compared. In Exp 1, 694 gilts that were retained for breeding, including 448 I and control (C) and 246 F1 I and C by Danbred™ Landrace (L), were evaluated. Direct genetic effects of I and C did not differ for backfat or days to 230 lb; however, I had 0.24 in2 smaller longissimus muscle area (LMA) than C (P < 0.05). F1 gilts had …

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Reproductive Responses In The Ne Index Line, Rodger K. Johnson, D. B. Petry Jan 2002

Reproductive Responses In The Ne Index Line, Rodger K. Johnson, D. B. Petry

Nebraska Swine Reports

The NE Index Line (Line I) has been selected since 1981 only for litter size and as a pure-line has 3.5 to 4 more pigs per litter than its randomly selected control (Line C). Line I has been released to the industry where it is being used in crossbreeding applications, but whether the response realized in the pure-line is expressed in crossbreeding applications is not known. The objective of this experiment was to estimate responses in reproduction in Line I in pure-line sows, in pure-line sows mated to produce F1 litters and in F1 sows mated to produce …

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Competition — It’S Not Just “Cost” Of Production, Allen Prosch Jan 2002

Competition — It’S Not Just “Cost” Of Production, Allen Prosch

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pork producers are faced with numerous competitive challenges. Having a higher cost of production than other pork producers has always been a reason to exit the pork industry. Even when their cost of production is competitive, producers still choose to exit the industry. Hog prices, corn prices and the hog/corn ratio from 1970 to 2000 were examined in relation to the change in the number of pork producers in Nebraska to identify the degree of influence that each had on producer’s decisions to enter or exit pork production. The annual average price of market hogs per cwt and the price …

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Update On The Economics Of Feeding Ractopamine (Paylean™) To Finishing Pigs, Duane Reese, Larry L. Bitney Jan 2002

Update On The Economics Of Feeding Ractopamine (Paylean™) To Finishing Pigs, Duane Reese, Larry L. Bitney

Nebraska Swine Reports

Ractopamine is a feed additive that improves feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass merit in finishing pigs. An economic feasibility analysis on the feeding of 4.5 and 9.0 g/ton ractopamine to finishing pigs fed a 1% lysine, corn-soybean meal diet for an average of 29 days before slaughter was conducted. The analysis was performed in two stages: 1) an economic benefit for ractopamine was calculated from revenues due to improved feed efficiency, daily gain and carcass yield (dressing percent), and 2) the amount of a carcass lean premium needed per pig to recover the added cost of feeding ractopamine was …

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Applicability Of High-Rise™ Hog Housing For Finishing Operations, Richard R. Stowell Jan 2002

Applicability Of High-Rise™ Hog Housing For Finishing Operations, Richard R. Stowell

Nebraska Swine Reports

The design of High-Rise™ swine facilities allows the generation of a solid, manure-laden material from hogs raised in confinement housing with slatted floors. The volume of manure that must be handled annually can be reduced through continuous moisture loss that takes place within the system’s drying bed and recycling of bed material. Recycling typically involves mixing material twice a year — at the end of finishing periods. Moisture contents of twice-recycled manure-laden bed material ranged between 55-65% with continuous aeration for three years of production. This moisture range makes the material acceptable directly as feedstock for composting. Ammonia emissions should …

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Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2002

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 3 2002, Several Authors Jan 2002

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 3 2002, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors Jan 2002

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann Jan 2002

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Development Of Endospore-Specific Primers For The Trfp Analysis Of Microbial Population In Milk Powder, M. M. Arendts, Amy J. Rife, Rafael Jiménez-Flores Jan 2002

Development Of Endospore-Specific Primers For The Trfp Analysis Of Microbial Population In Milk Powder, M. M. Arendts, Amy J. Rife, Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2002 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

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Determination Of Protein Profile And Presence Of Antibodies In Llama Seminal Plasma (Llama Glama), Francisco Flores Lópes Jan 2002

Determination Of Protein Profile And Presence Of Antibodies In Llama Seminal Plasma (Llama Glama), Francisco Flores Lópes

Theses and Dissertations

Internationally, Bolivia has the largest llama population followed by Peru. This makes our country a power in this renewable resource for working and generating economic development. This is mainly because of the quality of llama meat, which has nutritional properties superior to other animal species. The development and research in our country of llamas is not very significant. But in other countries advanced studies have been done for years, specifically in the area of reproduction, which represents problems for intensive repopulation because of singular characteristics of semen and copulation. The present research work was done at the UAC in Tiahuanacu …

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Micrommata Virescens (Clerck, 1757), A New Species For The Spider Fauna Of Turkey (Araneae, Sparassidae), Abdullah Bayram, Sevda Özdağ Jan 2002

Micrommata Virescens (Clerck, 1757), A New Species For The Spider Fauna Of Turkey (Araneae, Sparassidae), Abdullah Bayram, Sevda Özdağ

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The morphological characteristics of Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757), which is recorded for the first time in Turkey, are given.

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Evaluation Of Nile Tilapia Pond Management Strategies In Egypt, Bartholomew W. Green, Zenab El Nagdy, Hussein Hebicha Jan 2002

Evaluation Of Nile Tilapia Pond Management Strategies In Egypt, Bartholomew W. Green, Zenab El Nagdy, Hussein Hebicha

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Five pond management strategies for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) production were evaluated in 0.1-ha earthen ponds in Egypt during a 145-day production cycle. Pond management strategies developed by the Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program (PD/A CRSP) were compared to a traditional and to a modified Egyptian pond management strategy. Young-of-year Nile (mixed-sex or sex-reversed) tilapia were stocked into ponds at 20,000 fish ha-1. Sex-reversed tilapia were stocked into chemical fertilization, organic fertilization plus formulated feed, and feed only treatment ponds, while mixed-sex tilapia were stocked into organic fertilization plus formulated feed, and chemical plus organic …

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Fiber Performance And Quality Of Angora Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) In Different Trims, Juan Jaime Blacutt Toledo Jan 2002

Fiber Performance And Quality Of Angora Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) In Different Trims, Juan Jaime Blacutt Toledo

Theses and Dissertations

In 132 rabbits belonging to the Cunicola La Esperanza Farm of the city of El Alto in the department of La Paz, the principle physical characteristics of the angora rabbit fiber were determined in a period of 3 shearings. As such they were organized into 2 groups, clearly differentiated by their sex (female and male). The obtained fiber of the different shearings were weighed in order to determine the performance of each animal and subsequently analyzed the wool in the Experimental Station of Patacamaya, where they determined the diameter, length of hair and marrow composition. The results were subjected to …

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The Effects Of Growth Hormone Or Melatonin On The Reproductive Axis Of Stallions, William Andrew Storer Jan 2002

The Effects Of Growth Hormone Or Melatonin On The Reproductive Axis Of Stallions, William Andrew Storer

LSU Master's Theses

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of growth hormone (GH) or melatonin on the reproductive axis of the stallion. In Experiment 1, nine stallions were treated with GH (20 µg/kg BW) or saline for 21 d starting in January. During the last week of treatment, stallions were subjected to low and high dose injections of luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as low and high dose combined injections of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Two months after the onset of GH treatment, semen was collected from all stallions every other day for 2 weeks. Treatment …

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The Effects Of Marination And Cook Cycles On High And Low Ph Beef Muscles, Ryan Baumert, Roger W. Mandigo Jan 2002

The Effects Of Marination And Cook Cycles On High And Low Ph Beef Muscles, Ryan Baumert, Roger W. Mandigo

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Infraspinatus and Serratus ventralis, the muscles of the high pH group, had lower shear force values and higher sensory analysis scores for tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability than low pH muscles (Deep pectoral and Biceps femoris). Increasing the phosphate level in the marination system increased moisture content of the cooked roast and sensory juiciness scores and decreased the cooking loss of the roasts. Low humidity cookery had higher sensory juiciness, tenderness and acceptability scores and lower cooking losses than high humidity cookery. The Infraspinatus and Serratus ventralis are recommended for use in a marination system with low humidity cookery.

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Weaning Date For Spring Calving Cows Grazing Sandhills Range, Lane Ciminski, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dick Clark, Andy Applegarth, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Russ Sandberg Jan 2002

Weaning Date For Spring Calving Cows Grazing Sandhills Range, Lane Ciminski, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dick Clark, Andy Applegarth, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Russ Sandberg

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year experiment was conducted with March calving cows to determine the effect of the weaning date on cow body condition score, cow body weight, and calf body weight. Treatments were of eight weaning dates imposed at consecutive two-week intervals, beginning in mid-August and ending in late November. Cow body condition score declined linearly as weaning date was later in the fall. Calf body weight gains from August through November increased with weaning dates from August 18 through October 13; however, weaning after October 13 provided no advantage of increased calf body weight gain.

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