Animal Sciences Commons^™

Technical Note—A Comparison Of Methods Used To Measure Eating And Ruminating Activity In Confined Dairy Cattle, P. J. Kononoff, H. A. Lehman, A. J. Heinrichs

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Detailed knowledge of chewing and rumination activities is critical to fully understand the dietary factors affecting normal rumen function. An automatic system for the digital recording of the jaw movements in free-ranging grazing cattle has been described, but its ability to measure chewing activity of cattle housed in confinement and fed total mixed rations has not yet been evaluated. The eating and ruminating behaviors of eight lactating dairy cows were recorded simultaneously by a wireless automatic system and by 5-min interval observation over 24-h periods. Results indicated that both methods agreed on identification of eating and ruminating bouts. Mean differences …

Memorial Khem Shahani, Robert W. Hutkins, Burt Maxcy, Steve Taylor

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Khem Shahani, Professor Emeritus at the University of Nebraska, died recently in Sicily while on a speaking tour and visiting family. Professor Shahani had a long, illustrious career in dairy microbiology and was one of the world's leading researchers in the area of probiotic bacteria. This is a field that, in the past few years, has seen remarkable growth and interest in the scientific comm.unity. Khem was one of only a few scientists who early on worked toward establishing a scientific basis for the role that probiotics play in nutrition and health. His outstanding record of research, teaching, and service …

Application Of Fuzzy-Neural Network In Classification Of Soils Using Ground-Penetrating Radar Imagery, Lameck O. Odhiambo, Robert S. Freeland, Ronald E. Yoder, J. Wesley Hines

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Errors associated with visual inspection and interpretation of radargrams often inhibits the intensive surveying of widespread areas using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). To automate the interpretive process, this paper presents an application of a fuzzy-neural network (F-NN) classifier for unsupervised clustering and classification of soil profile using GPR imagery. The classifier clusters and classifies soil profiles strips along a traverse based on common pattern similarities that can relate to physical features of the soil (e.g., number of horizons; depth, texture and structure of the horizons; and relative arrangement of the horizons, etc). This paper illustrates this classification procedure by its application …

Rapid Communication: Physical And Linkage Mapping Of The Porcine Calcitonin (Calc) Gene, J. E. Neil, S. E. Zhang, J. M. Helm, Daniel C. Ciobanu, M. F. Rothschild

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Genus and Species. Sus scrofa.

Locus. Porcine calcitonin (CALC) gene.

Source and Description of Primers. Primers, CCA1F and CCA1R, were designed from canine calcitonin sequence (GenBank Accession no. AJ271090) to amplify genomic porcine DNA. Using sequence obtained from the amplified PCR product, additional pig-specific primers (CIPBF, CIPBR, CIPCF, CIPCR) were designed.

Primer Sequences. CCA1F: 5′-CAC TTT GGA TTG GCC GCG C-3′; CCA1R: 5′-ACC AGG GCA GCC AGC AGG A-3′; CIPBF: 5′-AAC TTC CCA CTC TGC ACA CT-3′; CIPBR: 5′-AGA CCA AAC TTC AGC AGG AT- 3′; CIPCF: 5′-TTC TCC TTC CTC TGC TTC TG-3′; CIPCR: 5′-GCA AAC CCA ATA …

Effects Of Manipulating Protein And Phosphorus Nutrition Of Feedlot Cattle On Nutrient Management And The Environment, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Feedlot nutrition will play a role in meeting challenges such as nutrient management. Nitrogen and phosphorus are two nutrients that are currently studied in this context. One nutritional method is formulating diets not to exceed requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus. Requirements are different for calves and yearlings. The requirements also change during the finishing period. Phosphorus requirements have not been extensively studied for feedlot cattle between 270 and 600 kg. Therefore, P requirements studies were conducted to determine the P requirement of calves (265 kg) and yearlings (385 kg). The requirement was not detected with P levels as low as …

Phosphorus Requirement Of Finishing Feedlot Calves, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, Dennis Brink, M. W. Orth, K. M. Whittet

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Dietary P supplied to feedlot cattle is important because an inadequate supply will compromise performance, whereas excess P may harm the environment. However, P requirements of feedlot cattle are not well documented. Therefore, 45 steer calves (265.2 ±16.6 kg) were individually fed to determine the P required for gain and bone integrity over a 204-d finishing period. The basal diet consisted of 33.5% high-moisture corn, 30% brewers grits, 20% corn bran, 7.5% cottonseed hulls, 3% tallow, and 6% supplement. Treatments consisted of 0.16 (no supplemental inorganic P), 0.22, 0.28, 0.34, and 0.40% P (DM basis). Supplemental P was provided by …

The Role Of Nutrition In Reducing Nutrient Output From Ruminants, L. D. Satter, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Much of the effort expended on nutrient management has focused on the post-excretion product. It is important to keep in mind that management of the diet can have important impacts on quantitative and qualitative aspects of the excreted nutrients. Surveys of nutritionists and extension specialists show that dairy producers are advised to feed 0.45 to 0.50% phosphorus (P) (DM basis) in their lactating cow diets. This is 20% in excess of NRC (2001) requirements. Feeding to requirement would reduce P excretion by 25 to 30% and would reduce solubility and potential for runoff of the P that is applied to …

Distributions And Geographical Relationships Of The Polygyrid Land Snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Polygyridae) Of Arkansas, Gerald E. Walsh, Brian F. Coles

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Arkansas distributions of land mollusks of the family Polygyridae are presented based on the results of a state-wide survey and a critical review of published and unpublished locality records. Six of the 45 species previously recorded for Arkansas are excluded because they were misidentified, do not have established populations in the state, or are found only as fossils. Four others are not mapped because of a lack of recent distributional data or because the specific status of a form is unclear. There is a predominant pattern of occurrence limited to the northern, northwestern, or western parts of the state. …

Leptodactylus Silvanimbus, W. R. Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá, Sarah Muller

Biology Faculty Publications

Adult Leptodactylus silvanimhus are of moderate sized, the head is about as wide as long, and the hind limbs are moderate in length (see Table; also see Heyer and Thompson 2000 for definitions of adult size and leg length categories for Leptodacrylus). The male vocal sac is single and internal. Male forearms are hypertrophied in larger individuals. Adult males have two black thumb spines on each hand and lack chest spines. Individuals lack dorsolateral folds. The toe tips are narrow, not expanded. Females have weakly developed lateral toe fringes and males either have lateral toe ridges or weakly developed fringes. …

Biochemical Components Of Seminal Plasma Of Llamas (Lama Glama) At Three Ages, Pedro Angel Delgado Callisaya

Theses and Dissertations

This study was conducted at the installation of the Rural Academic Unit-Tiahuanaco of the BCU, located in the community of Achaca, third municipal section of Ingavi province, department of La Paz. It is 57 km from the La Paz-Desaguadero international highway, at 68 degrees 42 minutes 28 seconds latitude South by 16 degrees 35 minutes 41 seconds longitude West, at an altitude of 3856 meters above sea level. The study went from October 2000 to September 2001. The study consisted of determining the concentrations of the biochemical components in llama seminal plasma at three ages. Components studied were glucose, inorganic …

Effects Of Fish Cage Aquaculture On The Zooplankton In A Malaysian Mangrove Estuary, Ai Lin Ooi

Student Works (2000-2009)

A study on the effects of fish cage aquaculture on the zooplankton was carried out in the Matang mangrove estuary, Perak, Malaysia. Investigations consisting of 4-month study and 12-hour study were conducted. Zooplankton were sampled inside and away from floating fish cage culture areas in Sangga Besar (SSB) river and in an adjacent nonaquaculture river, Sangga Kecil (SSK), in order to examine the effect of fish cage culture on zooplankton abundance. Zooplankton populations varied both spatially (being more abundant towards the river mouth) and temporally (being more abundant at certain months, e.g. in December). In SSB, fish cage culture had …

Colony Composition And Demographics Of Beavers In Illinois, Stanley T. Mctaggart

Masters Theses

Beavers (Castor canadensis) have been extensively studied throughout North America, but little research has been conducted on this species in Illinois and the Midwest. Beavers exhibit wide variations in colony composition and demographics over their broad geographic range, so regional research is important for sound management. The objectives of this study were to investigate the: (1) typical composition of beaver colonies in Illinois; (2) reproductive potential of female beavers in Illinois; (3) sex-age composition of beaver populations in Illinois; and (4) efficacy of night-vision surveys versus removal trapping for estimating colony size. This study was conducted during the 1999-00 and …

Mitochondrial Dna And Microsatellite Genetic Variation Of Dollar Sunfish (Lepomis Marginatus), Nancy A. Schable

Masters Theses

Dollar sunfish (Lepomis marginatus) at the Savannah River Site were sampled from two radiocesium contaminated ponds with a history of thermal elevation and from reference ponds with no history of radioactive or thermal contamination. Fluorescent sequencing of a portion of the mitochondrial control region showed no genetic variation within or between populations. Centrarchidae microsatellite loci Lma 120 (6 alleles, N=124 from 5 populations), Lma 20 (10 alleles, N=37 from 3 populations) and Rb 7 (14 alleles. N=17 from 2 populations) were variable for dollar sunfish. An additional 9 microsatellite primer pairs were designed for dollar sunfish. Testing of the designed …

Bonytail (Gila Elegans) May Enhance Survival Of Razorback Suckers (Xyrauchen Texanus) In Rearing Ponds By Preying On Exotic Crayfish, Nathan Lenon, Krystyna Anne Stave, Tom Burke, James E. Deacon

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

This study examined the potential of bonytail (Gila elegans) to enhance survival of young razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in rearing ponds by serving as a biological control agent for young stages of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarki). Large populations of crayfish in rearing ponds negatively affect the survival of razorback suckers, through predation and competition for food. Traps made with 6.34 mm (0.25 inch) mesh have been used in an effort to reduce crayfish populations, however crayfish less than 17 mm carapace length (CPL) are able to escape. Juvenile bonytail in experimental trials ate young crayfish ranging in size from …

Use Of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography To Detect And Quantify Oxytetracycline Marks In Walleye Otoliths And Dorsal Spines, Michael J. Hawkins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is used to chemically mark calcified structures in walleye Stizostedion vitreum fry and fingerlings. Current visual methods for detection of these marks are subjective, and biologists are unable to quantify the amount of OTC in a sample. The goal of this study was to determine if high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a feasible and superior alternative for detecting and quantifying OTC in otoliths of fry-marked and spines of fingerlingmarked walleyes. Study objectives were to validate methodology of extraction of OTC from calcified tissue, detect and quantify extracted OTC using HPLC, and determine a cost comparison of current …

Evaluating The Point Of Separation, During Carcass Fabrication, Between The Beef Wholesale Rib And The Beef Wholesale Chuck, B.J. Reuter, D.M. Wulf, B.C. Shanks, R.J. Maddock

Animal Science Faculty Publications

This study determined whether there is a logical point of value change, related to either tenderness or consumer acceptance, at which to separate the beef carcass within the rib/chuck region. Rib/chuck rolls (RCR); (n = 30) consisting of the ribeye roll and chuck eye roll subprimals (2nd through 12th rib locations) were cut into 22 steaks each (two steaks per rib location), and Warner-Bratzler shear force and consumer purchase preference were evaluated for steaks at each rib location. Steaks from different locations of the RCR were composed of differing proportions of several muscles: longissimus muscle (LM), spinalis dorsi and multifidus …

Chelonus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) Species Of The Marmara Region, Mi̇tat Aydoğdu, Ahmet Beyarslan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The genus Chelonus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) species in the Marmara region of Turkey are defined, 12 species recorded and a key to species is provided. Of these species, Chelonus asiaticus Telenga, Chelonus bidens Tobias, Chelonus canescens Wesmael, Chelonus microsomus Tobias, Chelonus oculator (Panzer), Chelonus ocellatus Alexeev, Chelonus scabrator (Fabricius), Chelonus smirnovi Telenga, Chelonus szepligetii Dalla Torre, Chelonus tuberculifer Tobias, and Chelonus varimaculatus Tobias are new records for Turkey and Chelonus inanitus (Linnaeus) is a new record for the Marmara region of Turkey.

Some Rumen Ciliates (Isotrichidae, Trichostomatida; Epidininae, Ophryoscolecidae) Of The Domestic Goat (Capra Hircus L.) In Turkey, Bayram Göçmen, Mehmet Kutsay Atatür

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Rumen contents obtained from domesticated goats (Capra hircus L.) slaughtered at abattoirs in the vicinity of Adana were surveyed for holotrichous ciliate protozoans and the genus Epidinium. The presence of two holotrichous ciliate genera including three species (Isotricha prostoma, I. intestinalis and Dasytricha ruminantium) and also of seven formae of Epidinium ecaudatum (E. e. f. ecaudatum, E. e. f. caudatum, E. e. f. bicaudatum, E. e. f. tricaudatum, E. e. f. quadricaudatum, E. e. f. parvicaudatum and E. e. f. cattanei) were established. The mean ciliate density in our surveyed goats, 34.62x10^4 cells/ml, was lower than those of domestic sheep …

Faunistic Studies On The Species Pachybrachis Chevrolat And Cryptocephalus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) Of Dedegöl Mountains (Isparta), Ali̇ Gök

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The material of the subfamily Cryptocephalinae collected from Dedegöl Mountains (Isparta) between 1996 and 1998 consisted of 21 species belonging to the genera Pachybrachis and Cryptocephalus. A diagnostic key and distribution records for the species are presented. The species except for Cryptocephalus bipunctatus (L.), C. turcicus Suffrian, C. connexus Olivier, Pachybrachis limbatus (Menetries), P. fimbriolatus (Suffrian) and P. tessellatus orientalis Weise are new for Isparta.

Cephalopod Fauna Of The Eastern Mediterranean, Alp Salman, Tuncer Katağan, Hüseyi̇n Avni̇ Benli̇

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Studies on the cephalopods of Turkish coasts have been going on since 1988. As a result of these studies, a total of 43 species have been determined, comprising 11 species from the Sea of Marmara, 38 from the Aegean Sea and 24 from the Mediterranean Sea. With respect to other studies carried out excluding Turkish coasts, the eastern Mediterranean cephalopod fauna has increased to 51 species. Among the species determined, Ancistrocheirus lesueurii and Ancistroteuthis lichtensteini are new records for the eastern Mediterranean; Sepietta obscura, Ancistrocheirus lesueurii, Ancistroteuthis lichtensteini and Tremoctopus violaceus for the Aegean Sea; and Alloteuthis media, Rossia macrosoma …

An Investigation On Fish Fauna Of The River Mert (Samsun), Selma Uğurlu (Helli̇), Nazmi̇ Polat

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was carried out between May 1999 and June 2000 in order to determine the fish species of the River Mert. In total, 244 individuals from different sampling stations were caught by electric shock, scoop nets, fish nets and fishing lines. In this study, 3 species and 2 subspecies were identified as belonging to 3 families (Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Gobiidae). The systematic characteristics of fish species were explained. These characteristics were then compared with those in previous studies, and keys to identification were also presented.

Level Of Lactate Dehydrogenase (Ldh) In Resistant And Susceptible Strains Of Culicine Mosquitoes Of The Karachi Region After Treatment With Ddt, Malathion And Cyfluthrin, M. Arshad Azmi, Imtiaz Ahmed, Syed Naim-Ul-Hasan Naqvi, Kahkashan Akhtar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of Malathion, Cyfluthrin, and DDT were observed on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in susceptible and resistant strains of culicine mosquitoes. Biochemical estimation (colorimetry) revealed a remarkable increase in the enzyme activity in Culex fatigans (L.Y. strain). In contrast, in Culex fatigans (G.I. strain) and Culex fatigans (K.U strain), inhibition of enzyme activity was found after treatment with pesticides.

Effects Of Some Antimicrobial Agents On The Total Protein Content Of The Endoparasitoid Pimpla Turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Kemal Büyükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of thirteen antimicrobial agents that have different structures and modes of action on the total protein content of pupae of the hymenopterous endoparasitoid, Pimpla turionellae L., were investigated by rearing the larvae aseptically on chemically defined synthetic diets. These effects varied according to the their kind and dietary levels. The protein content of the pupae was significantly increased by penicillin, streptomycin, rifampicin, tetracycline hydrochloride, lincomycin hydrochloride, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, cycloheximide and sodium benzoate, while it was decreased by nystatin. The other tested antimicrobial agents had no significant effects on the total protein content of the insect. Depending on dietary …

Effects Of Antimicrobial Agents On The Survival And Development Of Larvae Of Pimpla Turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Reared On An Artificial Diet, Kemal Büyükgüzel, Şevki̇ Yazgan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of 13 antimicrobial agents that have different structures and modes of action, on the survival and development of the hymenopterous endoparasitoid, Pimpla turionellae L., were investigated by rearing the larvae aseptically on chemically defined synthetic diets. These effects varied according to their kind and dietary levels. The agents tested exerted their effects generally during the post-larval development of the insect. The post-larval survival and development were negatively affected by most of the agents tested at certain levels. The antimicrobial agents tested also affected the larval development but had no significant effects on the larval survival of the insect. …

Effects Of Some Dna Gyrase Inhibitors On The Survival And Development Of Pimpla Turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Larvae Reared On An Artificial Diet, Kemal Büyükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of novobiocin, nalidixic and oxolinic acids, which are potent antibacterial agents, on the survival and development of the hymenopterous endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. were investigated alone by rearing the larvae aseptically on chemically defined synthetic diets. The percentage of fifth instar larvae was not significantly affected by the diets with different levels of the antibiotics used in the study. A diet containing the lowest level of novobiocin significantly increased the yields of pupae and adults. This level also significantly shortened the developmental time for fifth instar, but had no significant effect on the complete development of the larvae …

Evaluation Of Methiocarb 50%-Wp As A Taste Repellent Against The House Sparrow (Passer Domesticus L.), Syed Waqar Ali̇ Ri̇zvi̇, Amjad Pervez, Syed Muzaffar Ahmed

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Laboratory studies in cages and outdoor aviaries were conducted, using different concentrations of methiocarb 50%-WP to estimate the ideal dose needed to produce taste aversion in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Under a nochoice test, sparrows showed a clear difference in millet bait preference among various concentrations. Under choice tests, in cages and outdoor aviaries a clear repellency trend was recorded in both sexes with increases in poison concentration. However, female birds showed a higher repellency pattern than males. It was concluded that methiocarb grain bait at 0.1% proved to be highly effective in repelling sparrows and may function as …

Behavioural Abnormalities Of Cyprinion Watsoni On Exposure To Copper And Zinc, Syed Lal Shah

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Cyprinion watsoni were exposed to three treatments of copper (0.03, 0.06, 0.12 mg/L) and three treatments of zinc (0.5, 3.0, 7.0 mg/L) for a period of one week to allow behavioural changes to be observed. None of the treatments caused mortality. Treatment with 0.03 mg Cu/L caused little change in fish behaviour; however, 0.06 mg Cu/L caused increased swimming activity and breathing movements. The highest treatment of copper (0.12 mg Cu/L) caused lethargy and loss of equilibrium in C. watsoni. Similarly, the lowest concentration of zinc (0.5 mg/L) caused no visible change in fish behaviour; however, with 3.0 mg Zn/L, …

Detection Of Mutagenic-Carcinogenic Pollutants In Aquatic Systems Using Cytogenetic Methods In Fish, Mehmet Ulupinar, İbrahi̇m Okumuş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the detection of mutagenic-carcinogenic pollutants in water by using cytogenetic methods in fish was examined along with the necessity of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), anaphase aberrations (AA) and micronucleus (MN) tests for chemical analysis in aquatic systems. It has been reported that central mudminnow (Umbra limi) appear to be the most suitable species for such analysis because of its large and fewer chromosomes (2n=22) and high cell division ratio. This species also has a wide distribution, and can be easily captured and held for study. In such analysis, intestines, stomach, kidney and gill tissues stand out as …

The Effects Of Phytoplankton Concentration, Size Of Mussel And Water Temperature On Feed Consumption And Filtration Rate Of The Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus Galloprovincialis Lmk), İbrahi̇m Okumuş, Nadi̇r Başçinar, Mükerrem Özkan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of phytoplankton concentration, size and water temperature on the feeding rate of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Black Sea were investigated in the laboratory within a static system. Overall consumption (total cell/h) was significantly higher at the highest phytoplankton concentrations than at the lowest concentration (p

Sds-Page Patterns Of Blood Serum Proteins In Some Species Of The Genus Meriones (Mammalia: Rodentia), Reyhan Çolak, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Rolf Gattermann, Karsten Neumann

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The blood serum proteins of Meriones meridianus, Meriones crassus, Meriones persicus and Meriones tristrami, all found in Turkey, along with domestic Meriones unguiculatus, which originated in Mongolia, were examined for the first time by SDS-PAGE. In the globulin zone, seven to ten bands were identified, one band in the post-albumin and albumin zones and one or two bands in the pre-albumin zone of five species of the genus Meriones. There was no diagnostic difference in the pattern of serum protein bands between species.