Animal Sciences Commons^™

Using Lean Color And Marbling Score To Sort Beef Carcasses Into Tenderness Groups, Kevin Kirchofer, Chris R. Calkins, Dana Hanson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Beef carcasses (n=290) were used to determine the effectiveness of color (L* - lightness; a* - redness; b* - yellowness) measured at least 90 minutes after ribbing and marbling called by USDA graders to sort beef carcasses into one of three tenderness groups. Equations using any combination of marbling and color were no more effective in sorting beef carcasses into tenderness groups than marbling alone. None of the tough carcasses were correctly classified. Adding color to marbling does not improve effectiveness of sorting beef carcasses into tenderness groups.

Urinary Allantoin As An Estimate Of Microbial Protein Synthesis, Mariela Lamothe, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Allantoin excretion in the urine was evaluated as a marker for bacterial protein production in lactating and dry cows grazing Sandhills range and meadows. Allantoin excretion declined with season as diet digestibility declined. Bacterial protein predicted from allantoin was significantly related (R2 = .62) to bacterial protein predicted by NRC. Urinary allantoin has potential as a tool to predict bacterial protein production in grazing cattle.

Sorting Strategies In An Extensive Forage Utilization Beef Production System, James C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Casey Macken, Jeffrey Folmer, Mark Blackford, D. J. Jordon

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

One hundred sixty crossbred steer calves were stratified by weight and allotted into four groups to test three sorting strategies against an unsorted control to compare methods of sorting long yearling steers to decrease variation in carcass weight and fat thickness, increase pounds of carcass weight sold, and increase profitability. Sorting by weight upon entry into the feedlot or by weight and fat thickness at the end of the feeding period increased average carcass weight. No statistical differences in variation or profitability were found, although numerical differences were present.

Type Of Corn Bran And Corn Processing Method In Beef Finishing Diets, Casey Macken, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Rick Stock

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of drying corn bran on cattle performance in dry-rolled or steam-flaked corn diets. The inclusion of corn bran in dry-rolled or steam-flaked corn diets negatively affected feed conversion by 5.1% or 13.9%, respectively. Within both grain sources, drying corn bran had little effect on finishing steer performance. Feeding steam-flaked corn improved feed conversion by 17.0% compared with feeding dry-rolled corn without the inclusion of corn bran.

Implant Programs For Feedlot Heifers Using Synovex® Plus™, Revalor®-H, Or Finaplix®-H With Mga, Casey Macken, Todd Milton, Bill Dicke

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A commercial feedlot experiment was conducted using 1,558 heifers to evaluate the effects of implant programs on finishing heifers. Implanting with Synovex Plus increased ADG and hot carcass weight compared to heifers implanted with Revalor-H or Finaplix- H and fed MGA. Heifers implanted with either Synovex Plus or Revalor-H had increased DMI compared to heifers implanted with Finaplix-H. Marbling score was influenced by each of the implant treatments, being highest for Finaplix-H followed by Revalor-H and Synovex Plus.

Metabolizable Protein Requirements Of Lactating Two-Year-Old Cows, Tray Patterson, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Amelia Hopkin

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Eighteen lactating two-year-old cows maintained on meadow hay were used to determine the effects of supplementation to meet metabolizable protein or degradable intake protein requirements on production traits during the first two months after calving. Cows supplemented to meet metabolizable protein requirements had a higher ADG than degradable protein supplemented cows. Milk production declined from 15.9 to 10.8 lb/ day at 26 to 69 days after calving, respectively. Hay intake averaged 2.4% of body weight. Supplementation to meet metabolizable protein requirements increased postpartum weight change, but did not affect intake or milk production.

Use Of Sodium Citrate To Enhance Tenderness And Palatability Of Pre-Rigor Beef Muscles, Christian Perversi, Chris R. Calkins, Jesus Velazco

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The objective of this project was to evaluate the response in tenderness and consumer acceptability of three muscles from the chuck that were pumped pre-rigor with different concentrations of sodium citrate solutions to inhibit glycolysis, while maintaining skeletal restraint for 24 hours. Controls were left on carcass, while the other three treatments had the thoracic limb removed and muscles pumped post-mortem to 10% of their weight with solutions of 0 mM, 200 mM or 400 mM sodium citrate. Although tenderness ratings were not always statistically different (comparing controls vs. 400 mM solution), there was a clear trend showing higher concentrations …

Effect Of Fiber Level In Finishing Diets On Diet Digestibility And Corn Silage Impact On Bacterial Crude Protein Production, Kyle Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Ryan Mass, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two metabolism trials evaluated the impact of dietary fiber source, level, and digestibility on daily production of bacterial crude protein. In the first trial evaluating corn silage, digestibility was unaffected while daily bacterial crude protein production estimated from urinary allantoin excretion tended to be higher as corn silage replaced corn. In the second trial digestibility was significantly lower for the finishing diets containing higher levels of dietary corn bran.

Windrow Grazing And Baled-Hay Feeding Strategies For Wintering Calves, Jerry D. Volesky, Don C. Adams, Richard T. Clark

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Windrow grazing is a strategy where livestock directly graze windrow-stored forage, generally during a time when packaged hay is provided. We evaluated calf performance, forage quality and waste, and determined economic returns under windrow grazing and bale-fed strategies. Quality of windrow- stored forage remained constant through fall and winter and resulted in adequate calf gains. Forage waste under windrow grazing was closely associated with grazing management. Economic analysis indicated costs for windrow grazing were substantially less than those associated with a bale feeding strategy. Correspondingly, net returns per head and acre were greater for windrow grazing compared to the bale-fed …

Longitudinal Patterns Of Fecal Shedding Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 By Feedlot Cattle, Spring Younts, David R. Smith, Jeffrey Folmer, Rodney A. Moxley, Suzanne Hinkley, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford, Margaret Khaitsa, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

To describe the prevalence, incidence, and duration of fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7, 99 feedlot steers were individually tested each week of the feeding period for presence of E. coli O157:H7 in rectal feces. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from each animal at least once during the study. Both the incidence and mean duration of shedding peaked during the middle of the feeding period. The percentage of cattle shedding E. coli O157:H7 ranged from 1% to 80% over the course of the feeding period and was affected by both the incidence and the duration of shedding.

Rapid Communication: Mapping Of The Beta Tropomyosin (Tpm2) Gene To Pig Chromosome 1, J. Sherwood, Daniel C. Gill, M. F. Rothschild

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Locus. Pig Tropomyosin beta (TPM2) gene.

Genus and Species. Sus Scrofa.

Source and Description of Primers. Primers were derived by using well-conserved regions of published human and mouse sequence (GenBank accession nos. AF209746 and NM_009416). The primers were used to amplify a 1.4-kp fragment of the porcine TPM2 gene covering exons 3 through 8. The porcine cDNA sequence (GenBank accession no. AF420022) showed 95% exonic identity (325 bp) at the nucleotide level to the human skeletal muscle beta tropomyosin (GenBank accession no. X06825). Additionally, pig specific primers were designed to amplify a 246-bp piece that spans exons 3 to …

Index To Volume 70

Nebraska Bird Review

Index to Volume 70

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 2002

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

From the Department Head’s Desk
Faculty Retirement
New Faculty
100 Years of 4-H in Nebraska
Feedlot Internship Program and Feedlot Extension Meetings
Japanese Agricultural Training Program
Graduate Program
Animal Science Student Ambassadors
Bud Britton Animal Science Golf Classic
Masters Week
Deaths
Emeriti/Retiree Reception
Emeriti Update
Block & Bridle Activities
Animal Science Graduate Association
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
CASNR Alumni Board
Academic Quadrathlon
Judging Team Activities
Attention — Judging Team Alumni
Alumni News
Alumni Newsletter Wins Award
Your Newsletter Committee
Call for Information for the 2003 Issue of the Animal Science Alumni Newsletter
Animal Science Trivia
Calendar of Events …

Uncoupling Proteins And Energy Expenditure In Mice Divergently Selected For Heat Loss, T. G. Mcdaneld, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Jess Miner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine whether variation in energy expenditure created by selection on heat loss is mediated by uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue. Divergent selection for heat loss developed lines of mice with high (MH) and low (ML) maintenance energy expenditure. Concentration of UCP1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was 93% greater in ML than in MH mice (P < 0.02). Two new lines of mice, KH and KL, were bred by backcrossing a UCP1 knockout gene into the MH and ML lines, respectively; KH and KL with both knockout (−/−) and wild type (+/+) UCP1 genotypes were generated. At 13 wk of age, KH mice exhibited greater heat loss (166 kcal∙kg^0.75∙d⁻¹) than KL mice (126.4 kcal∙ kg^0.75∙d⁻¹) regardless of the UCP1 knockout (P < 0.0001). Concentration of UCP2 mRNA in BAT was 74% greater in UCP1 knockout mice (−/−) than in wild type (+/+; P = 0.0001). We conclude that response to selection for increased energy expenditure was not mediated by increased expression or function of UCP1.

Effect Of Corn Processing On Starch Digestion And Bacterial Crude Protein Flow In Finishing Cattle, R. J. Cooper, C. T. Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, T. L. Scott, C. B. Wilson, R. A. Mass

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated yearling steers (523 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment to study the effects of corn processing on nutrient digestion, bacterial CP production, and ruminal fermentation. Dietary treatments consisted of 90% concentrate diets that were based on dry-rolled (DRC), high-moisture (HMC), or steam-flaked (SFC) corn. Each diet contained 2.0% urea (DM basis) as the sole source of supplemental nitrogen. Each period lasted 17 d, with d 1 through 14 for diet adaptation and d 15 through 17 for fecal, duodenal, and ruminal sampling. Dry matter and OM intakes were …

Fiber-Type Composition Of Muscles Of The Beef Chuck And Round, K. S. Kirchofer, Chris R. Calkins, B. L. Gwartney

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Thirty-eight muscles of the beef chuck and round were histochemically stained to characterize fiber-type composition in order to facilitate optimal muscle use in value-added products. Select-grade chucks and rounds (n = 4 each) were chosen to represent two carcass weight classes (250 to 295 kg and 363 to 410 kg) and two yield grades (1 and 3). Muscles were sectioned and stained with a procedure that included a succinate dehydrogenase and an adenosine triphosphatase staining technique. Number and diameter of β-red, α-red, and α-white muscle fibers were used to determine muscle fiber percentage, muscle fiber area, and percent area in …

Composition And Morphology Of The Follicular Basal Lamina During Atresia Of Bovine Antral Follicles, H. F. Irving-Rodgers, M. L. Mussard, J. E. Kinder, R. J. Rodgers

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The fate of the follicular basal lamina during atresia was investigated using bovine follicles, in which different follicle phenotypes have been observed. These phenotypes include: healthy follicles with rounded basal granulosa cells with an aligned basal lamina or follicles with columnar basal granulosa cells with a basal lamina of many loops (loopy), and atretic follicles in which either the antral granulosa cells (antral atresia) or the basal cells (basal atresia) die first. Loopy lamina and basal atresia occur only in small antral follicles < 5 mm in diameter. Follicles were collected from cattle of unknown reproductive history and processed for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, and from animals in which follicle growth had been monitored by daily measurements of follicle diameter by ultrasonography. Electron microscopic observations of dominant follicles during the growth phase, plateau and regression showed that the basal lamina was still visible and intact upon atresia. These follicles had a conventional aligned basal lamina, which they retained, except for some degree of folding, as they progressed into antral atresia. In small follicles (2–5 mm in diameter), the basal cell shape (rounded or columnar) and appearance of the basal lamina (aligned or of many loops) did not appear to be related to the type of atresia. On atresia the follicular basal laminae retained immunoreactive laminin α1 and β2, type IV collagen a1 and nidogen. Laminin α2, which may come from the theca, was present in the follicular basal lamina of only 22% of healthy follicles, but was expressed very commonly in 71% of the atretic follicles. Laminin α2 expression was found in both phenotypes of healthy follicles, antral and basal atretic follicles, and follicles with aligned or loopy basal laminae. It is concluded that the basal lamina is not degraded upon atresia, but does undergo a variety of other changes.

Rapid Communication: Mapping Of The Ca2+ Atpase Of Fast Twitch 1 Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (Atp2a1) Gene To Porcine Chromosome 3, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Y. Ciobanu, M. F. Rothschild

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Locus Name. Ca²⁺ ATPase of fast twitch 1 skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Species. Sus scrofa.

Locus Symbol. ATP2A1.

Source of Primers. Two sets of PCR primers were designed based on human ATP2A1 sequences (Gen- Bank accession numbers U96773 and U96777) available in the GenBank database. Using pig genomic DNA as a template we used set A primers to amplify approximately 1,100 bp spanning exon 1 to exon 2 and set B primers to amplify 1,200 bp gene segment covering some of exon 8 through part of exon 9. These sequences were deposited in GenBank, accession number AY027797-AY027799.

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Eastern Meadowlark, Scott D. Hull

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Wilson’S Phalarope, Jill A. Dechant, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Amy L. Zimmerman, Betty R. Euliss

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Savannah Sparrow, David A. Swanson

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Lesser Prairie-Chicken, Brent E. Jamison, Jill A. Dechant, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Betty R. Euliss

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the breeding distribution of Lesser Prairie-Chicken in the United States and southern Canada. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Henslow’S Sparrow, James R. Herkert

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section …

Wpa News 68 (2002), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (January 2002), number 68

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Annual Review Of The World Pheasant Association 2001/2002, World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Chairman of Trustees' report, Richard P. Howard

The way ahead, Dick Potts

Treasurer's report and accounts, Ian F. Hoggarth

Conservation activities in 2001/2002 (including South Asia Office), Philip J. K. McGowan and Rahul Kaul

Pheasant Specialist Group report, Peter J. Garson

Partridge, Quail and Francolin Specialist Group report, John P. Carroll

Grouse Specialist Group report, Ilse Storch

Megapode Specialist Grouse report, René W. R. J. Dekker

Cracid Specialist Group report, Daniel M. Brooks

Conservation Breeding Activities, Han Assink, John Corder, and Gary Robbins

Plight of prairie grouse in Kansas, R. J. Robel

Bruijn's brush-turkey observed in the wild for the …

Fiber Optic Sensor Response To High Levels Of Fat In Cream, Czarena L. Crofcheck, Frederick A. Payne, Clair L. Hicks, M. Pinar Mengüç, Sue E. Nokes

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A light backscatter technique using optical fibers to deliver and receive light was investigated for measuring the milkfat content of unhomogenized cream. Light backscatter through cream at wavelengths of 450 to 900 nm was measured for fiber separation distances from 2 to 6.5 mm and for cream containing 10 to ~40 weight percent (wt%) milkfat. Unhomogenized cream (~40 wt% milkfat) was mixed with skim milk (~0.05 wt% milkfat) to yield samples with five different milkfat levels. Three optical response models were tested for correlation with milkfat content: one using the light intensity measurement at a single separation distance, the second …

Lander Fish And Wildlife Management Office

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The FWMAO located in Kander, WY, provided fishery assistance to the tribes since 1941.  In 1972, at the request of the Shoshone and Arapaho Tribes and supported through congressional action, the office was enlarged to provide both fish and wildlife management assistance.

Today, the Lander FWMAO provides fish and wildlife management assistance to the Wind River Reservation and National Wildlife Reservation contains some of the most pristine mountainous areas in the lower 48 states with over 250 lakes and reservoirs and over 1100 miles of rivers and streams most of which provide some of the highest quality trout fisheries in …

Utilization Of Distillers Grains Form The Fermentation Of Sorghum Or Corn In Diets For Finishing Beef And Lactating Dairy Cattle, S. Al-Suwaiegh, K. Fanning, R. J. Grant, C. T. Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Beef finishing and dairy lactation experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of distillers grains (DG) from sorghum or corn fermentation, in both wet (35.4% DM) and dry (92.2% DM) form (dairy trial only). In the finishing experiment, 60 yearling steers were used in a completely randomized design with three diets that were fed for 127 d: 1) control diet with 86% (DM basis) dry-rolled corn and no DG; 2) 30% of ration DM as wet corn DG in place of dry-rolled corn; and 3) 30% of ration DM as wet sorghum DG in place of dry-rolled corn. All …

Effect Of Corn Processing On Degradable Intake Protein Requirement Of Finishing Cattle, R. J. Cooper, C. Milton, Terry Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three finishing trials were conducted to determine effect of corn processing on degradable intake protein requirement (DIP) of feedlot cattle. In Trial 1, 252 steers were fed 90% concentrate, high moisture corn-based diets that contained 0, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2% urea (DM basis) to provide dietary DIP values of 7.0, 8.2, 9.3, and 10.5% of DM, respectively. Nonlinear analysis predicted maximal feed efficiency at 10.2% dietary DIP (95% confidence interval was 9.9 to 13.3%). In Trial 2, 264 steers were fed 90% concentrate, steam-flaked corn-based diets that contained 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, or 2.0% urea (DM basis) to provide …

Dried Poultry Waste For Cows Grazing Low-Quality Winter Forage, D. J. Jordon, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two trials conducted in 1996–97 measured BW and body condition score changes of cows fed different sources of degradable intake protein, including dried poultry waste and soybean meal, while grazing low-quality winter forages. In Trial 1, 60 spring calving cows (5 yr; 555 kg) were used in an individual supplementation trial. Cows were gathered three times a week, sorted into individual pens, and fed their respective supplement. Cows grazed dormant native Sandhills winter range (common pasture) and were assigned to one of six supplemental treatments: 1) no supplement, 2) urea, 3) 22% dried poultry waste + urea, 4) soybean meal, …