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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Genes Expressed In Response To Prrsv, Derek Petry, Rodger K. Johnson, Joan Lunney
Genes Expressed In Response To Prrsv, Derek Petry, Rodger K. Johnson, Joan Lunney
Nebraska Swine Reports
Gene maps of livestock are rapidly being developed and have led to an explosion of knowledge in recent years about genes affecting economic traits. One potential application of this information that would have major economic value is in selection of livestock for resistance to disease. Even though much has been learned about Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) since it was first identified, PRRSV continues to cause significant economic losses in many herds. Traditional approaches to manage PRRSV can be effective, but may be costly and have not always resulted in permanent control. This is a disease for which …
The Case Against Evening-Up Litters Until Weaning, Duane Reese, Barbara Straw
The Case Against Evening-Up Litters Until Weaning, Duane Reese, Barbara Straw
Nebraska Swine Reports
A literature review on the effect of fostering or moving individual piglets from one litter to another after they are 24 to 48 hours of age was conducted. Late fostering disrupts nursing, increases fighting, and impairs the growth rate of adopted piglets and their littermates. Pig body weight at weaning was reduced 13 to 24% in extensively fostered litters vs. those where no piglets were fostered after 48 hours of age. No evidence was found that late fostering improves preweaning survival. For the greater good of all piglets, producers are encouraged to resist the urge to even-up litters or foster …
Odor Footprint Tool Progress: Regional Output Resources, Richard R. Stowell, Dennis D. Schulte, Richard K. Koelsch, Christopher G. Henry
Odor Footprint Tool Progress: Regional Output Resources, Richard R. Stowell, Dennis D. Schulte, Richard K. Koelsch, Christopher G. Henry
Nebraska Swine Reports
This article highlights practical applications for resources being developed using the Odor Footprint Tool and the effects of differing regional weather patterns on needed setbacks by describing resources created for the regions surrounding Norfolk and Lincoln, Neb. The Odor Footprint Tool is being developed to help people assess the odor impact of new and expanded animal production facilities on the surrounding areas and use science- based information to establish minimum setback distances. Progress continues to be made toward development of a system that can be used in the field to develop site-specific odor footprints. As an intermediate step in this …
Freezing Swine Embryos: Do Success Rates Differ Between Breeds?, Marcelo Montagner, Paulo B. D. Gonçalves, Ginger Mills, Ronald K. Christenson, Brett R. White
Freezing Swine Embryos: Do Success Rates Differ Between Breeds?, Marcelo Montagner, Paulo B. D. Gonçalves, Ginger Mills, Ronald K. Christenson, Brett R. White
Nebraska Swine Reports
Successful freezing, or cryopreservation, of embryos could greatly impact the pork industry, serving as a tool for conservation of valuable germplasm and enhancing biosecurity for transfer of genetic material. Pig embryos are very sensitive to cooling and few reports have shown successful developmental rates following freezing. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficiency of freezing pig embryos using a microdroplet vitrification method and to investigate in vitro development of embryos from Chinese Meishan and occidental white crossbred females following cryopreservation at different stages of embryonic development. Preliminary studies using the microdroplet vitrification method for cryopreservation and embryo …
Effect Of Diet And Sire Line On Grow-Finish Performance, Mike Brumm, Larry Himmelberg, Tom Rathje, John Sonderman
Effect Of Diet And Sire Line On Grow-Finish Performance, Mike Brumm, Larry Himmelberg, Tom Rathje, John Sonderman
Nebraska Swine Reports
Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of sire line and dietary energy levels on grow-finish pig performance. In each experiment, dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal based diets with no added fat and corn-soybean meal based diets with fat added and soybean meal adjusted to maintain a similar lysine: calorie ratio. Fat additions to the added fat diets ranged from 3.75% for the 40 to 70 pound body weight period to 1.5% for pigs over 220 pounds body weight. Within each of five phases during the growing-finishing period, feed budgets were used to maintain a similar total caloric intake …
Nebraska Swine Report 2005, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Report 2005, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
Health: PRRSV Negative Herds: A Survival Analysis. Production Management: Shoulder Ulcers in Sows; Out-of-Feed Events in Grow-Finish Pigs: Causes and Consequences ; Teeth Clipping — Have You Tried to Quit? Nutrition: Research Proposal Summary: Effects of Nutrition During Gilt Development on Sow Lifetime; Productivity of Two Prolific Maternal Lines ; Effect of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration on Growth Performance and Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration in Barrows and Gilts ; Development of a NCR-42 Vitamin-Trace Mineral Mix Genetics: Incidence and Inheritance of Splayleg in Nebraska Litter Size Selection Lines Business Management: How Big is “Big Enough” to Make a …
Rapid Methods To Predict Lean Quality Attributes In Pork, Chris R. Calkins, Tony W. Holthaus, Roger C. Johnson, Kent M. Eskridge, Eric P. Berg
Rapid Methods To Predict Lean Quality Attributes In Pork, Chris R. Calkins, Tony W. Holthaus, Roger C. Johnson, Kent M. Eskridge, Eric P. Berg
Nebraska Swine Reports
Meat quality has a significant impact on the value of pork. This research was conducted to determine if measures taken within the first 24 hours after harvest could be used to predict final meat quality in the domestic and export market. Measurements of loin pH, electrical impedance, and light reflectance were taken at the last rib 22 hours postmortem on 604 pigs in a commercial meat plant. One loin from each carcass was stored for 21 or 42 days to simulate domestic or export handling and shipping. At the conclusion of the storage time, pork color and loin purge were …
Shoulder Ulcers In Sows, Duane Reese, Barbara E. Straw, Jess M. Waddell
Shoulder Ulcers In Sows, Duane Reese, Barbara E. Straw, Jess M. Waddell
Nebraska Swine Reports
A literature review was conducted on shoulder ulcers in sows. Shoulder ulcers are caused by pressure that the shoulder blade exerts against tissues that overlie it. Those issues lose blood supply and die. Because the pressure is directed outward, tissue damage occurs before the ulcer is evident on the skin surface. Ulcer prevalence is highly variable; 0 to more than 20% of the sows in 218 herds evaluated had shoulder ulcers. Ulcers usually develop during late gestation and early lactation and many heal shortly after weaning. Numerous risk factors for developing shoulder ulcers have been identified. Inactivity and thin sow …
Effect Of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Growth Performance And Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration In Barrows And Gilts, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Effect Of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Growth Performance And Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration In Barrows And Gilts, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing dietary protein intake on growth performance, carcass composition and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in growing-finishing barrows and gilts. Seventy crossbred pigs (35 barrows and 35 gilts) with an initial body weight of 75.1 lb were used in a 26-day growth study. The pigs were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. The diets were standard corn soybean meal diets, which were formulated to contain 10, 14, 18, or 22% crude protein by changing the ratio of corn to soybean meal in the diet. At the termination of …
Prrsv Negative Herds: A Survival Analysis, Locke Karriker, Ruby Destajo
Prrsv Negative Herds: A Survival Analysis, Locke Karriker, Ruby Destajo
Nebraska Swine Reports
Despite a significant body of research, interventions for PRRSV infection remain elusive. Traditional approaches to managing the risk of diseases have not been successful in many cases of PRRSV infection. While elimination of the virus from farms is possible, it is not without cost and re-infection is common. This survey sought to quantify the expected duration of PRRSV negative status on farms that were repopulated with PRRSV negative animals or had undergone a PRRSV elimination program. Results of 96 cases reveals a range of <1 to 312+ weeks duration of negative status. A survival analysis of 84 farms revealed a probability of surviving with negative status for two full years of 58.3% with a standard error of 11.5%. The probability of survival through 4 years was 42% with a standard error of 16%. A greater percentage of farms that were reinfected shared resources such as equipment, personnel, and/or vehicles with known positive farms. Positive farms also had a relatively shorter average distance to known positive farms than those remaining negative. The results of this study indicate that PRRSV-negative farms are not very likely to remain negative for a long duration given current technologies. Longer survival of negative status appears to be associated with greater distance from known positive farms and stricter biosecurity. Sharing of equipment and other resources as well as a closer distance to other farms should be considered risk factors that can lessen the probability of farms maintaining negative status.
Out-Of-Feed Events In Grow-Finish Pigs: Causes And Consequences, Mike Brumm, Brian Richert, Jeremy Marchant-Forde, Ruth Marchant-Forde
Out-Of-Feed Events In Grow-Finish Pigs: Causes And Consequences, Mike Brumm, Brian Richert, Jeremy Marchant-Forde, Ruth Marchant-Forde
Nebraska Swine Reports
In theory, bulk bins and automated feed delivery systems assure an uninterrupted flow of feed to the feeder in swine grow-finish facilities. In practice, growing-finishing pigs have varying disruptions in feed availability, some of which may have serious consequences. While every swine grow-finish facility has occasional disruptions due to mechanical failures in the feed delivery system, there are additional disruptions due to human errors associated with keeping feed in the bulk bin and feed bridging associated with feed removal from the bin. Out-of-feed events are a known cause of ulcers in pigs and are suspected of being associated with increased …
Heating Systems For Wean-To-Finish Facilities, Mike Brumm, Sheryl Colgan, Richard R. Stowell
Heating Systems For Wean-To-Finish Facilities, Mike Brumm, Sheryl Colgan, Richard R. Stowell
Nebraska Swine Reports
Research was conducted to assess the effects of the type of zone heater and floor mat used in a wean-to-finish facility on pig performance and operating cost. Gas-fired brooder heaters were compared to 250W heat lamps and farm-cut wood sheathing was compared to commercial (unheated) rubber floor mats for a 21-day post-weaning period. There was no effect of heating system or mat type on pig performance, either during the 21- day period immediately post-weaning or to slaughter. Black globe temperatures near the pig zone were slightly higher for the propane-fired heaters compared to the heat lamps, most likely due to …
Development Of A Ncr-42 Vitamin-Trace Mineral Mix, Laura R. Albrecht, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Development Of A Ncr-42 Vitamin-Trace Mineral Mix, Laura R. Albrecht, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
A vitamin-trace mineral mix (NCR-42 VTMM) and a vitamin B-safety pak (biotin, choline, folacin, thiamin and vitamin B6) were formulated as possible common sources of nutrients for cooperative projects for the NCR-42 (North Central Regional) committee on swine nutrition. The adequacy of the NCR-42 VTMM and the vitamin B-safety pak were evaluated in a four-week growth trial with weanling pigs. The pigs (weaned 18-23d) were fed one of six diets: 1) NC, negative control, a common nursery diet with vitamins at minimum levels (VTMM OX); 2) treatment 1, a common nursery diet with VTMM vitamins at 100% of …
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.
How Big Is “Big Enough” To Make A Living In Pork Production?, Allen Prosch
How Big Is “Big Enough” To Make A Living In Pork Production?, Allen Prosch
Nebraska Swine Reports
The size of pork production units in Nebraska increased dramatically from 1989 to 2002. In 1989, producers who marketed less than 1,000 hogs per year held 61% of Nebraska’s hog inventory. By 2002, only 23% of Nebraska’s hogs were held by those producers. Many decisions affect the size of a swine production unit. Basic to any decisions on size is whether the enterprise is profitable and can provide a reasonable living to those owning and working in the unit. Data from the Nebraska Swine Enterprise and Records Analysis program suggests that Nebraska farrow-to-finish producers needed to increase the size of …
Research Proposal Summary: Effects Of Nutrition During Gilt Development On Sow Lifetime Productivity Of Two Prolific Maternal Lines, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller
Research Proposal Summary: Effects Of Nutrition During Gilt Development On Sow Lifetime Productivity Of Two Prolific Maternal Lines, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
A four-parity study is proposed to examine the effects of nutritional manipulation during gilt development on subsequent sow performance. Gilts will be selected from two genetic lines that are highly prolific, but differ in rate and composition of growth. During the development period (45 to 250 lb), gilts will be provided either; i) ad libitum access to feed, or ii) ad libitum access to feed until 120 days of age (180 lb) and 75% of ad libitum feed intake thereafter (until first post-pubertal estrus). Sow and litter performance criteria will be examined. In addition, the economics of sow productivity and …
Incidence And Inheritance Of Splayleg In Nebraska Litter Size Selection Lines, Justin W. Holl, Rodger K. Johnson
Incidence And Inheritance Of Splayleg In Nebraska Litter Size Selection Lines, Justin W. Holl, Rodger K. Johnson
Nebraska Swine Reports
Incidence of abnormalities at birth is low in most populations, but accounts for a significant proportion of preweaning deaths. Splayleg pigs (SL) is the most common defect in newborn pigs and a high percentage of SL pigs die before weaning. In research at other institutions, SL incidence was associated with the Landrace breed and with large litters; however, a genetic association with litter size was not demonstrated. The University of Nebraska selection lines originated from a Landrace-Large White composite population and have been selected for 22 generations for increased litter size. These lines provided an excellent resource for the objectives …
Teeth Clipping — Have You Tried To Quit?, Duane Reese, Barbara E. Straw
Teeth Clipping — Have You Tried To Quit?, Duane Reese, Barbara E. Straw
Nebraska Swine Reports
Results from several experiments were reviewed to collect information on the value of piglet “needle-teeth” clipping. The incidence of facial and udder lesions generally is increased when teeth are left intact. However, there is no evidence that these lesions affect piglet mortality or weaning weight. Thus, based on the conditions of these experiments, there is no strong justification for teeth clipping. Many producers have abandoned teeth clipping. Besides saving labor, they report having fewer poor doing piglets and joint infections that can result from teeth clipping. Some producers have tried to stop clipping, but because of greasy pig disease problems …
Does Insulin And Leucine Stimulate Muscle Protein Synthesis?, Brad Creamer, Jason Scheffler, Steven J. Jones
Does Insulin And Leucine Stimulate Muscle Protein Synthesis?, Brad Creamer, Jason Scheffler, Steven J. Jones
Nebraska Swine Reports
Improvement of protein synthesis in muscle will greatly enhance the production of lean pork. This improvement can be traced to changes at the cellular level. The object of this study was to identify the effects of insulin and the branched chain amino acid, leucine on the extent and rate that messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into protein. Porcine satellite cells were isolated from a 30 lb pig and cultured. The cultured cells were treated with varying levels of insulin and leucine. Increasing levels of insulin and leucine caused an increase in ribosomes, the organelles responsible for synthesis, only after leucine …
2004 Nebraska Swine Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Contents
Nutrition
Body Composition, Protein Deposition, and Efficiency of Lysine Utilization of Growing Pigs Fed Crystalline or Protein-Bound Lysine
Dietary Antimicrobials in a Wean-to-Finish Facility
Update on Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Litter Size in Swine
Effects of Sow Dietary Glutamine Supplementation on Sow and Litter Performance, Subsequent Weanling Pig Performance, and Intestinal Development after an Immune Challenge
Energy and Nitrogen Utilization of Corn Rootworm Protected Corn (Event MON 863) and Similar Non-Transgenic Corn in Young Pigs
Effect of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration on Growth Performance and Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration
Genetics
Different Biological Responses of Pigs of Two …
Nebraska Supreme Court Rules City Can Regulate Animal Feeding Operation, J. David Aiken
Nebraska Supreme Court Rules City Can Regulate Animal Feeding Operation, J. David Aiken
Nebraska Swine Reports
Nebraska statutes authorize second class cities and villages to adopt regulations protecting municipal water supplies from pollution within 15 miles of their community borders. Livestock facility regulations implemented by the second class city of Alma that were stricter than those of the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality were upheld by the Nebraska Supreme Court. However, similar municipal regulations may be vulnerable to future legal attacks.
Dietary Antimicrobials In A Wean-To-Finish Facility, Mike Brumm
Dietary Antimicrobials In A Wean-To-Finish Facility, Mike Brumm
Nebraska Swine Reports
The routine use of growth-promoting antimicrobial feed additives is under increasing pressure worldwide. In response to this pressure, it is important that producers and their advisors understand under what circumstances these additives are likely to be effective or ineffective, allowing for improved decisions regarding their use. An experiment was conducted to examine the routine use of antimicrobial feed additives in a wean-to-finish facility. The weaned pigs used in this experiment were purchased from a source where grow-finish pigs were positive for PRRSV, circovirus-2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and had a previous history of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) related problems. Experimental treatments were …
Crop Residue Cover And Manure Incorporation — Part I: Reduction Of Cover, David P. Shelton
Crop Residue Cover And Manure Incorporation — Part I: Reduction Of Cover, David P. Shelton
Nebraska Swine Reports
Manure incorporation represents a compromise between best management practices for soil erosion control and manure management. Manure should be incorporated into the soil for odor control, increased availability of nutrients and control of potential manure runoff. However, soil and crop residue disturbance should be minimized for soil erosion control. This field study was conducted to: 1) determine the influence that commercially available soil-engaging components used to simultaneously apply and incorporate manure have on the reduction of crop residue cover [Part I - this article]; and 2) determine and evaluate some of the factors that may influence the amount of residue …
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.
Energy And Nitrogen Utilization Of Corn Rootworm Protected Corn (Event Mon 863) And Similar Non-Transgenic Corn In Young Pigs, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Energy And Nitrogen Utilization Of Corn Rootworm Protected Corn (Event Mon 863) And Similar Non-Transgenic Corn In Young Pigs, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
This experiment was conducted to compare the nutritional value, measured by digestible and metabolizable energy, and nitrogen digestibility in young pigs fed either corn rootworm protected test corn (event MON 863, RX740CRW) or a genetically similar non-transgenic control corn (RX740). The experiment used 12 barrows with an initial body weight of 74.5 lb. The pigs were housed individually in stainless steel metabolism crates and were randomly allotted to one of two corn treatments, either corn rootworm protected corn or non-transgenic control corn. Diets were formulated to contain 97.5% of test or control corn and 2.5% minerals and vitamins. The duration …
Body Composition, Protein Deposition, And Efficiency Of Lysine Utilization Of Growing Pigs Fed Crystalline Or Protein-Bound Lysine, Janeth J. Colina, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer, Ruth M. Diedrichsen
Body Composition, Protein Deposition, And Efficiency Of Lysine Utilization Of Growing Pigs Fed Crystalline Or Protein-Bound Lysine, Janeth J. Colina, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer, Ruth M. Diedrichsen
Nebraska Swine Reports
Two 4-week experiments were conducted to determine body composition and lysine utilization for protein deposition (PD) in barrows and gilts. Thirty-two growing pigs (16 barrows and 16 gilts; average initial body weight of 40.4 lb) were used in each experiment. Pigs were randomly allotted to one of seven dietary treatments. Four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) were killed at the start and the remaining pigs were killed at the end of the experiments to determine body composition. There were two replications per treatment in each experiment for a total of four replications. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet …
Effect Of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Growth Performance And Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Effect Of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Growth Performance And Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing dietary protein intake on growth performance and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in growing-finishing gilts. Thirty-nine crossbred gilts with an initial body weight of 74.3 lb were used in a 28-day growth study. The gilts were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments. The diets were standard corn soybean meal diets, which were formulated to contain 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26% crude protein by changing the ratio of corn to soybean meal in the diet. Pig and feeder weights were recorded weekly for the determination of average …
Update On Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Litter Size In Swine, Duane Reese
Update On Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Litter Size In Swine, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
A literature review was conducted to examine the role that dietary omega- 3 fatty acids may have in improving litter size in swine. Omega-3 fatty acids are not normally present to any great extent in practical swine diets, but they are increasingly believed to be important in human and pet health. In all but one of the studies reviewed the number of pigs born alive improved (0.2 to 0.7 pigs litter) when sows were provided diets that contained more omega-3 fatty acids. In all the studies that reported litter size at weaning, positive responses were observed (0.3 to 1.3 pigs/litter) …
Team Approach To Management, Allen Prosch
Team Approach To Management, Allen Prosch
Nebraska Swine Reports
Managerial ability has been described as consisting of supervision and coordination. The coordination aspect is that function of deciding what business arrangements should be entered into. Pork producers are being called on to justify their right to do business with records that assure society that they have complied with regulations and used best management practices. Coordinating all the business activities to ensure compliance challenges the ability of any manager. The greater need for coordinating ability strongly suggests that pork producers who develop greater coordinating capacity will have a competitive advantage. Team management will be a necessary component in creating that …
Major Genes Affect Reproduction And Early Growth, Rodger K. Johnson, J. W. Holl
Major Genes Affect Reproduction And Early Growth, Rodger K. Johnson, J. W. Holl
Nebraska Swine Reports
The Nebraska Index Line is reproductively superior to its contemporary control, producing approximately four pigs more per litter. However, the genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) that cause these differences are unknown. A previous study with an F2 resource population created by crossing the NE Index and Control lines identified one QTL affecting ovulation rate, one QTL affecting number of fully formed fetuses, one QTL affecting number of pigs born alive, two QTL affecting number of stillborn pigs, five QTL affecting nipple number, and six QTL affecting age at puberty. However, individual birth weight and weaning weight had not been …