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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Feedlot Nuisance And The Nebraska Right To Farm Act, J. David Aiken
Feedlot Nuisance And The Nebraska Right To Farm Act, J. David Aiken
Nebraska Swine Reports
Livestock operations located near private dwellings (including farmsteads) are often the subject of nuisance lawsuits because of the odor and flies generated. For many years the Nebraska Supreme Court ruled that a feedlot was legally not a nuisance as long as it was properly maintained, regardless of the feedlot’s effect on neighbors. Beginning in 1975, however, the Court changed its position, ruling that feedlots could legally constitute a nuisance even if they were maintained with due care. If the feedlot is a nuisance, the operator could be required by the court:
1. to pay money damages to the neighbor,
2. …
Legal Aspects Of Swine Production Networking, J. David Aiken
Legal Aspects Of Swine Production Networking, J. David Aiken
Nebraska Swine Reports
Some Nebraska swine producers may wish to consider entering into joint production operations with other producers. This might be to physically separate the farrowing, nursery and feeding operations. Some industry observers believe that networking may allow smaller producers to collectively achieve economies of scale and other production advantages often available only to larger producers.
Producers considering entering into joint livestock production arrangements should consult an attorney. Liability and income tax considerations, and Initiative 300 must all be considered in legally structuring joint livestock production operations to meet the special needs of each group of producers. This article provides a brief …
How Long Does Standing Estrus Last After Initial Boar Exposure When Heat Checking?, Donald G. Levis, Paul H. Hemsworth
How Long Does Standing Estrus Last After Initial Boar Exposure When Heat Checking?, Donald G. Levis, Paul H. Hemsworth
Nebraska Swine Reports
A series of experiments in Australia have clearly shown that the percentage of estrous gilts displaying the standing- response to the back-pressure test is reduced when gilts are housed adjacent to boars (Figure 1).
The decrease in efficiency of estrous detection is thought to occur because gilts become accustomed (habituated) to auditory and olfactory stimuli of the boar and are then less responsive to boar stimuli at the time of estrous detection. This result may occur because gilts are habituated or are refractory (females are in estrous but will not stand) to boar stimuli at the time of estrous detection. …
Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows. I. Effects On Sow And Pig Performance, Scott Tilton, Paul Ermer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Cynthia Wolverton
Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows. I. Effects On Sow And Pig Performance, Scott Tilton, Paul Ermer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Cynthia Wolverton
Nebraska Swine Reports
Sow energy intake during lactation is an important factor to consider when trying to maximize sow and pig performance. It has been shown that inadequate energy intake during lactation results in decreased litter weaning weight. Poor energy intake during lactation is also thought to result in a reduction in postweaning reproductive performance by extending the period from weaning to rebreeding. This reduction in postweaning performance is typically preceded by the excessive loss of weight and backfat during lactation.
One method that has been used to increase sow energy intake, and thus alleviate the problems described above is to add dietary …
Are There Benefits In Adding Fat To Sow Lactation Diets?, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Cynthia Wolverton
Are There Benefits In Adding Fat To Sow Lactation Diets?, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Cynthia Wolverton
Nebraska Swine Reports
Lactation is a metabolic challenge to the sow. Some high-producing sows can produce as much as 30 lb of milk/ day during peak lactation. Unfortunately, most sows are unable to consume sufficient dietary energy to fuel the processes of milk synthesis and must mobilize body stores of fat and protein. This problem is accentuated as the number of pigs nursed increases (milk production is increased). Therefore, nutritional programs for lactating sows must incorporate strategies to maximize energy intake and avoid excessive weight loss that may contribute to longer rebreeding intervals or increased culling from the sow herd.
Research conducted at …
Nursery And Growing-Finishing Space Interactions, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist
Nursery And Growing-Finishing Space Interactions, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist
Nebraska Swine Reports
The reductions in feed intake and daily gain as space is restricted have been clearly documented for pigs in nursery and growing-finishing facilities. The general management recommendation has been to provide sufficient space for maximum performance (daily gain) in nurseries while often restricting space in growing-finishing facilities for best economic performance. However, as female reproductive performance within a herd increases, there often is more crowding of weaned pigs in the nursery. The effect of this crowding on subsequent performance has not been determined.
This experiment was designed to investigate the possible interaction of nursery space allocation and growing-finishing space allocation …
Plasma Urea Concentration As An Index Of The Protein Requirements Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, Hsin-Yi Chen, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Plasma Urea Concentration As An Index Of The Protein Requirements Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, Hsin-Yi Chen, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Nebraska Swine Reports
A major challenge to improving swine feeding programs is adopting new techniques to improve the accuracy of determining protein requirements.
This is important for a variety reasons: First, there are currently many different commercial populations of pigs (commonly called genotypes) and these different populations may have different protein requirements because of their different lean growth potentials. Secondly, dietary protein levels should be carefully tailored to pigs’ lean growth potential because both inadequate and excessive feeding of protein can reduce performance and increase production costs. Finally, it is too expensive and time consuming to perform traditional feeding and carcass analysis experiments …
Effect Of Cooking Method On Nutrient Content Of Boneless Pork Loin Roasts, Judy A. Driskell, Judith H. Batenhorst, Fayrene Hamouz
Effect Of Cooking Method On Nutrient Content Of Boneless Pork Loin Roasts, Judy A. Driskell, Judith H. Batenhorst, Fayrene Hamouz
Nebraska Swine Reports
The nutritive qualities of boneless Chef’s Prime™ pork loin roasts cooked by three household cooking methods to two internal temperatures were evaluated. Fresh pork loins were obtained from a vendor and prepared by UNL’s Meat Laboratory according to National Pork Producers Council’s specifications for the Chef’s PrimeTM trademarked cut with 1/8-inch fat trim. The roasts were frozen for less than two months before defrosting in the refrigerator and cooking.
Reduced Severity Of Disease Associated With Feeding A Pharmacologic Amount Of Zinc In A Laboratory Mouse Model Of Swine Dysentery, Gerald Duhamel, P. Zhang, J. V. Mysore, Michael P. Carlson, Norman R. Schneider
Reduced Severity Of Disease Associated With Feeding A Pharmacologic Amount Of Zinc In A Laboratory Mouse Model Of Swine Dysentery, Gerald Duhamel, P. Zhang, J. V. Mysore, Michael P. Carlson, Norman R. Schneider
Nebraska Swine Reports
Swine dysentery is a highly contagious diarrheal disease of growing and finishing pigs which continues to cost an estimated $115.2 million to the United States’ pork producers each year. The disease is caused by the spiralshaped bacterium, Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae and is characterized by severe bloody diarrhea, reduced weight gain and death of susceptible pigs. When introduced in an uninfected herd, the disease quickly becomes established, requiring continuous medication at a cost of more than $8.00 per pig going to market. Although the cause of the disease has been known since the early 1970s, disease control strategies have essentially remained …
Improved Semen Characteristics In Boars Selected For Testis Size, Ying-Tsorn Huang, Rodger K. Johnson
Improved Semen Characteristics In Boars Selected For Testis Size, Ying-Tsorn Huang, Rodger K. Johnson
Nebraska Swine Reports
The practice of artificial insemination is increasing in swine herds. There is considerable variation among boars in age when semen can be collected, volume of semen, and sperm concentration, motility of sperm cells, and frequency of abnormalities in semen. Selection of boars has been for performance traits such as growth rate and backfat thickness and female reproductive traits such as size and weight of litters of dams and other female relatives.
Little selection for male reproductive traits has been practiced. However, selection practices that result in boars with greater quantities of high quality semen would improve the efficiency of artificial …
Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows. Ii. Effects On Energy Intake, Meal Patterns, And Blood Hormones And Metabolites, Paul Ermer, Scott Titlton, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Cynthia K. Wolverton
Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows. Ii. Effects On Energy Intake, Meal Patterns, And Blood Hormones And Metabolites, Paul Ermer, Scott Titlton, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Cynthia K. Wolverton
Nebraska Swine Reports
Suboptimal feed intake during lactation is associated with reduced litter weight gain and increased sow weight loss. This weight loss may lead to a prolonged weaning-to-estrus interval and decreased embryo survival in subsequent parities. Feed intake is a particular concern in primiparous sows, which consume 15% less feed than multiparous sows.
The consequences of low feed intake and excess body weight loss during lactation have received considerable attention. However, little research has focused on the mechanisms that regulate feed intake in the lactating sow. Furthermore, the progress being made in increasing litter size will continue to increase milk production and …
Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc In Nursery Diets - A Review, Duane Reese
Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc In Nursery Diets - A Review, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
Zinc plays significant roles in pig nutrition and health. A zinc deficiency is manifested by skin lesions known as parakeratosis; poor feed intake; slow growth; diarrhea; and atrophy of the thymus, a gland important in immunological competence. Zinc ions may interact with E. coli by inhibiting the ability of E. coli to respire and therefore reducing its activity. In addition, recent University of Nebraska research indicates that zinc ions cause the organism responsible for swine dysentery (S. hyodysenteriae) to produce less toxin. On the other hand, too much zinc in the feed will cause growth depression, arthritis, and …
Environmental Contamination Is A Major Contributor To Prevalence Of Serpulina Hyodysenteriae Infection Of Swine On Farms Medicating Against Swine Dysentery, Gerald Duhamel, K. J. Christiansen, R. J. Bernard, R. O. Elder, Michelle R. Mathiesen, Scott Hygnstrom
Environmental Contamination Is A Major Contributor To Prevalence Of Serpulina Hyodysenteriae Infection Of Swine On Farms Medicating Against Swine Dysentery, Gerald Duhamel, K. J. Christiansen, R. J. Bernard, R. O. Elder, Michelle R. Mathiesen, Scott Hygnstrom
Nebraska Swine Reports
Swine dysentery is a highly contagious diarrheal disease of growing and finishing swine causing estimated losses of more than $2.4 million monthly to Iowa pork producers.
The spiral-shaped spirochete bacterium, Serpulina hyodysenteriae, is routinely identified by bacteriologic culture of intestinal specimens of swine affected with the disease. Specific differentiation of S. hyodysenteriae from other bacteria normally present in the intestines of swine is now possible with the use of a nucleic acid-based test developed by scientists in the Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at UN-L. The test can detect very low numbers of S. hyodysenteriae directly in the …
Index Selection For Components Of Litter Size, David Casey, Tom Rathje, Rodger K. Johnson
Index Selection For Components Of Litter Size, David Casey, Tom Rathje, Rodger K. Johnson
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs per sow per year has gradually, but steadily, increased in the U.S. during the last 15 to 20 years. More efficient use of better maternal breeds and lines, crossbreeding systems that efficiently utilize heterosis, and improved management and diets are causes for most of this improvement.
Genetic selection to further increase reproductive traits such as litter size and litter weaning rate has recently been implemented and may explain some of the increase in sow productivity in the latter years. However, efficient programs to improve sow reproduction have not been in place long enough to cause much change in the …
Elevation Of Plasma Fsh With A Low Level Of Fsh-P During The Early To Mid Follicular Phase Blocks The Loss Of Greater Numbers Of Medium Follicles In Control Line Gilts Compared To Gilts Selected For High Ovulation Rate, Hui-Wen Yen, Steve Christian, Dwane Zimmerman
Elevation Of Plasma Fsh With A Low Level Of Fsh-P During The Early To Mid Follicular Phase Blocks The Loss Of Greater Numbers Of Medium Follicles In Control Line Gilts Compared To Gilts Selected For High Ovulation Rate, Hui-Wen Yen, Steve Christian, Dwane Zimmerman
Nebraska Swine Reports
The number of follicles ovulated (ovulation rate) at estrus is an important determinant of litter size in the pig because it sets the upper limit for litter size.
Ovulation rate is a moderately heritable trait in pigs (h2 = 40%). Gilts selected for high ovulation rate (Relax Select, RS line) in the University of Nebraska Gene Pool population ovulated about 3.5 more follicles than randomly selected Control (C) line gilts after nine generations of selection. This difference continues to be maintained after many generations of random selection following the end of deliberate selection.
Utilization Of Twin Screw Cold Extrusion To Manufacture Restructured Chops From Lower-Valued Pork, Wesley Osburn, Roger W. Mandigo, Paul Kuber
Utilization Of Twin Screw Cold Extrusion To Manufacture Restructured Chops From Lower-Valued Pork, Wesley Osburn, Roger W. Mandigo, Paul Kuber
Nebraska Swine Reports
Restructured meat products are commonly manufactured by using lower-valued meat trimmings reduced in size by comminution (flaking, chunking, grinding, chopping or slicing). The comminuted meat mixture is mixed with salt and water to extract salt-soluble proteins. These extracted proteins are critical to produce a “glue” which binds muscle pieces together. These muscle pieces may then be reformed to produce a “meat log” of specific form or shape. The log is then cut into steaks or chops which, when cooked, are similar in appearance and texture to their intact muscle counterparts.
Estimation Of Pork Trim Composition By Electromagnetic Scanning, N. L. Meseck, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins
Estimation Of Pork Trim Composition By Electromagnetic Scanning, N. L. Meseck, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins
Nebraska Swine Reports
The value of pork trim depends on its lean content. Accurate assessment of composition is necessary for proper pricing. Procedures often used to estimate composition lack accuracy and require time, thus a rapid, accurate, non-invasive technology to determine lean content of pork trim is needed.
Electromagnetic scanning, also known as ToBEC (total body electrical conductivity), has been studied for prediction of lean in hams (see 1994 Swine Report, p. 8). The equipment consists of a stainless steel cabinet containing a large, plastic-covered coil, through which meat is conveyed. Energy is absorbed from the electromagnetic field by the sample. Because lean …