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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Nebraska Swine Report 2005, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Report 2005, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
Health: PRRSV Negative Herds: A Survival Analysis. Production Management: Shoulder Ulcers in Sows; Out-of-Feed Events in Grow-Finish Pigs: Causes and Consequences ; Teeth Clipping — Have You Tried to Quit? Nutrition: Research Proposal Summary: Effects of Nutrition During Gilt Development on Sow Lifetime; Productivity of Two Prolific Maternal Lines ; Effect of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration on Growth Performance and Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration in Barrows and Gilts ; Development of a NCR-42 Vitamin-Trace Mineral Mix Genetics: Incidence and Inheritance of Splayleg in Nebraska Litter Size Selection Lines Business Management: How Big is “Big Enough” to Make a …
Rapid Methods To Predict Lean Quality Attributes In Pork, Chris R. Calkins, Tony W. Holthaus, Roger C. Johnson, Kent M. Eskridge, Eric P. Berg
Rapid Methods To Predict Lean Quality Attributes In Pork, Chris R. Calkins, Tony W. Holthaus, Roger C. Johnson, Kent M. Eskridge, Eric P. Berg
Nebraska Swine Reports
Meat quality has a significant impact on the value of pork. This research was conducted to determine if measures taken within the first 24 hours after harvest could be used to predict final meat quality in the domestic and export market. Measurements of loin pH, electrical impedance, and light reflectance were taken at the last rib 22 hours postmortem on 604 pigs in a commercial meat plant. One loin from each carcass was stored for 21 or 42 days to simulate domestic or export handling and shipping. At the conclusion of the storage time, pork color and loin purge were …
Shoulder Ulcers In Sows, Duane Reese, Barbara E. Straw, Jess M. Waddell
Shoulder Ulcers In Sows, Duane Reese, Barbara E. Straw, Jess M. Waddell
Nebraska Swine Reports
A literature review was conducted on shoulder ulcers in sows. Shoulder ulcers are caused by pressure that the shoulder blade exerts against tissues that overlie it. Those issues lose blood supply and die. Because the pressure is directed outward, tissue damage occurs before the ulcer is evident on the skin surface. Ulcer prevalence is highly variable; 0 to more than 20% of the sows in 218 herds evaluated had shoulder ulcers. Ulcers usually develop during late gestation and early lactation and many heal shortly after weaning. Numerous risk factors for developing shoulder ulcers have been identified. Inactivity and thin sow …
Effect Of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Growth Performance And Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration In Barrows And Gilts, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Effect Of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Growth Performance And Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration In Barrows And Gilts, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing dietary protein intake on growth performance, carcass composition and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in growing-finishing barrows and gilts. Seventy crossbred pigs (35 barrows and 35 gilts) with an initial body weight of 75.1 lb were used in a 26-day growth study. The pigs were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. The diets were standard corn soybean meal diets, which were formulated to contain 10, 14, 18, or 22% crude protein by changing the ratio of corn to soybean meal in the diet. At the termination of …
Prrsv Negative Herds: A Survival Analysis, Locke Karriker, Ruby Destajo
Prrsv Negative Herds: A Survival Analysis, Locke Karriker, Ruby Destajo
Nebraska Swine Reports
Despite a significant body of research, interventions for PRRSV infection remain elusive. Traditional approaches to managing the risk of diseases have not been successful in many cases of PRRSV infection. While elimination of the virus from farms is possible, it is not without cost and re-infection is common. This survey sought to quantify the expected duration of PRRSV negative status on farms that were repopulated with PRRSV negative animals or had undergone a PRRSV elimination program. Results of 96 cases reveals a range of <1 to 312+ weeks duration of negative status. A survival analysis of 84 farms revealed a probability of surviving with negative status for two full years of 58.3% with a standard error of 11.5%. The probability of survival through 4 years was 42% with a standard error of 16%. A greater percentage of farms that were reinfected shared resources such as equipment, personnel, and/or vehicles with known positive farms. Positive farms also had a relatively shorter average distance to known positive farms than those remaining negative. The results of this study indicate that PRRSV-negative farms are not very likely to remain negative for a long duration given current technologies. Longer survival of negative status appears to be associated with greater distance from known positive farms and stricter biosecurity. Sharing of equipment and other resources as well as a closer distance to other farms should be considered risk factors that can lessen the probability of farms maintaining negative status.
Out-Of-Feed Events In Grow-Finish Pigs: Causes And Consequences, Mike Brumm, Brian Richert, Jeremy Marchant-Forde, Ruth Marchant-Forde
Out-Of-Feed Events In Grow-Finish Pigs: Causes And Consequences, Mike Brumm, Brian Richert, Jeremy Marchant-Forde, Ruth Marchant-Forde
Nebraska Swine Reports
In theory, bulk bins and automated feed delivery systems assure an uninterrupted flow of feed to the feeder in swine grow-finish facilities. In practice, growing-finishing pigs have varying disruptions in feed availability, some of which may have serious consequences. While every swine grow-finish facility has occasional disruptions due to mechanical failures in the feed delivery system, there are additional disruptions due to human errors associated with keeping feed in the bulk bin and feed bridging associated with feed removal from the bin. Out-of-feed events are a known cause of ulcers in pigs and are suspected of being associated with increased …
Heating Systems For Wean-To-Finish Facilities, Mike Brumm, Sheryl Colgan, Richard R. Stowell
Heating Systems For Wean-To-Finish Facilities, Mike Brumm, Sheryl Colgan, Richard R. Stowell
Nebraska Swine Reports
Research was conducted to assess the effects of the type of zone heater and floor mat used in a wean-to-finish facility on pig performance and operating cost. Gas-fired brooder heaters were compared to 250W heat lamps and farm-cut wood sheathing was compared to commercial (unheated) rubber floor mats for a 21-day post-weaning period. There was no effect of heating system or mat type on pig performance, either during the 21- day period immediately post-weaning or to slaughter. Black globe temperatures near the pig zone were slightly higher for the propane-fired heaters compared to the heat lamps, most likely due to …
Development Of A Ncr-42 Vitamin-Trace Mineral Mix, Laura R. Albrecht, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Development Of A Ncr-42 Vitamin-Trace Mineral Mix, Laura R. Albrecht, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
A vitamin-trace mineral mix (NCR-42 VTMM) and a vitamin B-safety pak (biotin, choline, folacin, thiamin and vitamin B6) were formulated as possible common sources of nutrients for cooperative projects for the NCR-42 (North Central Regional) committee on swine nutrition. The adequacy of the NCR-42 VTMM and the vitamin B-safety pak were evaluated in a four-week growth trial with weanling pigs. The pigs (weaned 18-23d) were fed one of six diets: 1) NC, negative control, a common nursery diet with vitamins at minimum levels (VTMM OX); 2) treatment 1, a common nursery diet with VTMM vitamins at 100% of …
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.
How Big Is “Big Enough” To Make A Living In Pork Production?, Allen Prosch
How Big Is “Big Enough” To Make A Living In Pork Production?, Allen Prosch
Nebraska Swine Reports
The size of pork production units in Nebraska increased dramatically from 1989 to 2002. In 1989, producers who marketed less than 1,000 hogs per year held 61% of Nebraska’s hog inventory. By 2002, only 23% of Nebraska’s hogs were held by those producers. Many decisions affect the size of a swine production unit. Basic to any decisions on size is whether the enterprise is profitable and can provide a reasonable living to those owning and working in the unit. Data from the Nebraska Swine Enterprise and Records Analysis program suggests that Nebraska farrow-to-finish producers needed to increase the size of …
Research Proposal Summary: Effects Of Nutrition During Gilt Development On Sow Lifetime Productivity Of Two Prolific Maternal Lines, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller
Research Proposal Summary: Effects Of Nutrition During Gilt Development On Sow Lifetime Productivity Of Two Prolific Maternal Lines, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
A four-parity study is proposed to examine the effects of nutritional manipulation during gilt development on subsequent sow performance. Gilts will be selected from two genetic lines that are highly prolific, but differ in rate and composition of growth. During the development period (45 to 250 lb), gilts will be provided either; i) ad libitum access to feed, or ii) ad libitum access to feed until 120 days of age (180 lb) and 75% of ad libitum feed intake thereafter (until first post-pubertal estrus). Sow and litter performance criteria will be examined. In addition, the economics of sow productivity and …
Incidence And Inheritance Of Splayleg In Nebraska Litter Size Selection Lines, Justin W. Holl, Rodger K. Johnson
Incidence And Inheritance Of Splayleg In Nebraska Litter Size Selection Lines, Justin W. Holl, Rodger K. Johnson
Nebraska Swine Reports
Incidence of abnormalities at birth is low in most populations, but accounts for a significant proportion of preweaning deaths. Splayleg pigs (SL) is the most common defect in newborn pigs and a high percentage of SL pigs die before weaning. In research at other institutions, SL incidence was associated with the Landrace breed and with large litters; however, a genetic association with litter size was not demonstrated. The University of Nebraska selection lines originated from a Landrace-Large White composite population and have been selected for 22 generations for increased litter size. These lines provided an excellent resource for the objectives …
Teeth Clipping — Have You Tried To Quit?, Duane Reese, Barbara E. Straw
Teeth Clipping — Have You Tried To Quit?, Duane Reese, Barbara E. Straw
Nebraska Swine Reports
Results from several experiments were reviewed to collect information on the value of piglet “needle-teeth” clipping. The incidence of facial and udder lesions generally is increased when teeth are left intact. However, there is no evidence that these lesions affect piglet mortality or weaning weight. Thus, based on the conditions of these experiments, there is no strong justification for teeth clipping. Many producers have abandoned teeth clipping. Besides saving labor, they report having fewer poor doing piglets and joint infections that can result from teeth clipping. Some producers have tried to stop clipping, but because of greasy pig disease problems …
Does Insulin And Leucine Stimulate Muscle Protein Synthesis?, Brad Creamer, Jason Scheffler, Steven J. Jones
Does Insulin And Leucine Stimulate Muscle Protein Synthesis?, Brad Creamer, Jason Scheffler, Steven J. Jones
Nebraska Swine Reports
Improvement of protein synthesis in muscle will greatly enhance the production of lean pork. This improvement can be traced to changes at the cellular level. The object of this study was to identify the effects of insulin and the branched chain amino acid, leucine on the extent and rate that messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into protein. Porcine satellite cells were isolated from a 30 lb pig and cultured. The cultured cells were treated with varying levels of insulin and leucine. Increasing levels of insulin and leucine caused an increase in ribosomes, the organelles responsible for synthesis, only after leucine …