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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Niacin And Vitamin B12 Requirements Of Weanling Pigs, Sara S. Blodgett, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Robert Fischer
Niacin And Vitamin B12 Requirements Of Weanling Pigs, Sara S. Blodgett, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Robert Fischer
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted to assess the responsiveness of weanling pigs to increased dietary concentrations of niacin and vitamin B12. The purpose of the experiment was to determine if the niacin and vitamin B12 requirements of nursery pigs are greater than the NRC (1998) recommendations for 11 to 22 lb pigs. Pigs (initial weight 9.4 lb) were fed one of four diets for a total of 35 days: 1) Negative control, common nursery diet with no added niacin or vitamin B12; 2) Niacin, common nursery diet with 22.7 µg/lb added niacin; 3) B12, …
Managing Swine Dietary Phosphorus To Meet Manure Management Goals, Mike Brumm, Charles A. Shapiro, William L. Kranz
Managing Swine Dietary Phosphorus To Meet Manure Management Goals, Mike Brumm, Charles A. Shapiro, William L. Kranz
Nebraska Swine Reports
A demonstration was carried out for 15 months at a 1,200-head growing- finishing facility in Holt County, Neb. The purpose was to document the impact of diet formulation on phosphorus excretion and the associated land area needed to utilize the phosphorus in the accumulated manure. The demonstration facility had four 300-head rooms. Prior to the demonstration, pigs in all rooms were fed diets formulated to contain 0.55-0.57% total phosphorus for all phases of growth. For the demonstration, two rooms were fed diets formulated to the University of Nebraska recommended levels for available phosphorus. The other two rooms were fed diets …
Phytase Sources In Pelleted Diets, Mike Brumm
Phytase Sources In Pelleted Diets, Mike Brumm
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted to determine whether there were differences in performance between two commercial sources of phytase when added to corn and soybean meal-based diets prior to pelleting. Pelleted diets investigated for growing-finishing barrows of high-lean-gain-potential included: 1) University of Nebraska recommended formulations; 2) diets formulated to contain 0.1% less available phosphorus than recommended; 3) diets formulated with 500 FYT/kg added phytase from Ronozyme-P®; 4) diets formulated with 750 FYT/kg added phytase from Ronozyme-P®; 5) diets formulated with 500 FTU/kg added phytase from Natuphos®; and 6) diets formulated with 750 FTU/kg added phytase from Natuphos®. Temperature of the pellets …
Dietary Amino Acid Utilization For Body Protein Deposition — Current And Future Research, Janeth J. Colina, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller
Dietary Amino Acid Utilization For Body Protein Deposition — Current And Future Research, Janeth J. Colina, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
In modern pork production it is important to maximize the animal’s potential for daily lean gain by increasing the body protein deposition with as little wastage of the ingested amino acids as possible. Therefore, it is important to maximize the efficiency with which dietary amino acids are used for protein deposition or lean gain. This efficiency is measured by using nitrogen balance studies or comparative slaughter procedures. Supplementing swine diets with crystalline amino acids and replacing part of the dietary protein can reduce diet cost and will also reduce the amount of nitrogen excreted in manure. However, it has been …
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.
Defining The Optimal Feed Budget System For Terminal-Crossed, Growing-Finishing Barrows, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Darren J. Critser
Defining The Optimal Feed Budget System For Terminal-Crossed, Growing-Finishing Barrows, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Darren J. Critser
Nebraska Swine Reports
This experiment was conducted to evaluate growth performance and carcass quality measurements in growing-finishing barrows assigned to different feed budget systems. Forty-eight barrows with an initial body weight of 47.3 lb were randomly allotted to one of three different feed budget systems. The experiment was continued until the average body weight was 270 lb, at which time all pigs were slaughtered. Growth performance and real-time ultrasound measurements were taken biweekly, except for the final period, which was 24 days. Carcass tenth-rib backfat and longissimus muscle area measurements were made 24 hours postmortem. Overall, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was affected …
Comparison Of Swine Performance When Fed Diets Containing Roundup Ready® Corn, Parental Line Corn, Or Two Commercial Corns, Robert L. Fischer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller
Comparison Of Swine Performance When Fed Diets Containing Roundup Ready® Corn, Parental Line Corn, Or Two Commercial Corns, Robert L. Fischer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller
Nebraska Swine Reports
This experiment was conducted to evaluate growth performance and carcass quality measurements in growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing either Roundup Ready® corn expressing the CP4 EPSPS protein, the parental control corn, or two commercial sources of nongenetically modified corn. The experiment used 72 barrows and 72 gilts with an initial body weight of 50 lb. The pigs were allotted to a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (two sexes x four corn hybrids). The experiment continued until the average body weight was 255 lb, at which time all pigs were slaughtered. Realtime ultrasound …
Influence Of Linoleic Acid Isomers On Body Fat, Kim Hargrave, Kristin Nollette, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Jess L. Miner
Influence Of Linoleic Acid Isomers On Body Fat, Kim Hargrave, Kristin Nollette, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Jess L. Miner
Nebraska Swine Reports
In two studies, mice were fed diets containing either individual conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers or a mixture of isomers in the presence or absence of dietary essential fatty acids. Mice fed the C18:2 Δ10,12 CLA isomer lost as much body fat as mice fed a mixture of isomers. This effect was not observed when the mice were fed the C18:2 Δ9,11 isomer or when feed intake was restricted. The loss of body fat was much greater in mice consuming an essential fatty acid deficient diet versus a control diet. This supports our hypothesis that for CLA to deplete body …
Economic Analyses Of Feeding 18 G Per Ton Paylean® To Crosses Of The Ne Index Line, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller, D. B. Petry, R. F. Fischer
Economic Analyses Of Feeding 18 G Per Ton Paylean® To Crosses Of The Ne Index Line, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller, D. B. Petry, R. F. Fischer
Nebraska Swine Reports
Economic returns per pig for F1 and terminal cross barrows and gilts of the NE Index line when fed a diet with or without PAYLEAN® at 18 g per ton for 28 d before slaughter were compared. Although not significant, terminal cross pigs with 25% Line I genes were more profitable than F1 pigs with 50% Line I genes and gilts were more profitable than barrows. Several scenarios were modeled to evaluate the economic returns from feeding PAYLEAN®. Increased profits were similar across lines and sexes but varied depending on whether intransit death losses were considered treatment effects. …
Effects Of Glutamine On Growth Performance And Small Intestine Villus Height In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Robert L. Fischer
Effects Of Glutamine On Growth Performance And Small Intestine Villus Height In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Robert L. Fischer
Nebraska Swine Reports
The pig’s small intestinal structure and function is altered during the days that follow weaning. As a consequence, the digestive and absorptive capacity of weanling pigs may decrease during this period, and this may be partially responsible for the post-weaning growth lag. Additionally, health benefits may be associated with an improved small intestinal structure and function during the early post-weaning period. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of crystalline glutamine and (or) diet complexity on small intestine villus height and growth performance of 18-day-old pigs. During the 21-day trial, no differences in villus height were observed between pigs …
Factors Affecting Bacon Color And Composition, J. E. Mann, Roger W. Mandigo, Dennis E. Burson, R. Garza
Factors Affecting Bacon Color And Composition, J. E. Mann, Roger W. Mandigo, Dennis E. Burson, R. Garza
Nebraska Swine Reports
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genetic line, diet, sex, slaughter weight and location within the slab on the proximate composition and color of bacon lean and fat. Bacon slabs manufactured from bellies of 756 barrows and gilts of six different genetic lines equally distributed among four feeding regimes, with differing lysine levels, and three weight groups and processed into sliced retail bacon (nine slices/inch) were used. Sliced bacon slabs were divided into five equally sized sections and two bacon slices were taken from the anterior end of each for machine vision and proximate analyses. …
Growth And Carcass Responses In The Ne Index Line Estimated In Pure-Line And Crossbred Litters, D. B. Petry, J. W. Holl, Rodger K. Johnson
Growth And Carcass Responses In The Ne Index Line Estimated In Pure-Line And Crossbred Litters, D. B. Petry, J. W. Holl, Rodger K. Johnson
Nebraska Swine Reports
The objective was to estimate responses in growth and carcass traits in the NE Index line (I) that was selected 19 generations for increased litter size. Responses in pure-line, F1 and 3-way cross litters were compared. In Exp 1, 694 gilts that were retained for breeding, including 448 I and control (C) and 246 F1 I and C by Danbred™ Landrace (L), were evaluated. Direct genetic effects of I and C did not differ for backfat or days to 230 lb; however, I had 0.24 in2 smaller longissimus muscle area (LMA) than C (P < 0.05). F1 gilts had …
Reproductive Responses In The Ne Index Line, Rodger K. Johnson, D. B. Petry
Reproductive Responses In The Ne Index Line, Rodger K. Johnson, D. B. Petry
Nebraska Swine Reports
The NE Index Line (Line I) has been selected since 1981 only for litter size and as a pure-line has 3.5 to 4 more pigs per litter than its randomly selected control (Line C). Line I has been released to the industry where it is being used in crossbreeding applications, but whether the response realized in the pure-line is expressed in crossbreeding applications is not known. The objective of this experiment was to estimate responses in reproduction in Line I in pure-line sows, in pure-line sows mated to produce F1 litters and in F1 sows mated to produce …
Competition — It’S Not Just “Cost” Of Production, Allen Prosch
Competition — It’S Not Just “Cost” Of Production, Allen Prosch
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pork producers are faced with numerous competitive challenges. Having a higher cost of production than other pork producers has always been a reason to exit the pork industry. Even when their cost of production is competitive, producers still choose to exit the industry. Hog prices, corn prices and the hog/corn ratio from 1970 to 2000 were examined in relation to the change in the number of pork producers in Nebraska to identify the degree of influence that each had on producer’s decisions to enter or exit pork production. The annual average price of market hogs per cwt and the price …
Update On The Economics Of Feeding Ractopamine (Paylean™) To Finishing Pigs, Duane Reese, Larry L. Bitney
Update On The Economics Of Feeding Ractopamine (Paylean™) To Finishing Pigs, Duane Reese, Larry L. Bitney
Nebraska Swine Reports
Ractopamine is a feed additive that improves feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass merit in finishing pigs. An economic feasibility analysis on the feeding of 4.5 and 9.0 g/ton ractopamine to finishing pigs fed a 1% lysine, corn-soybean meal diet for an average of 29 days before slaughter was conducted. The analysis was performed in two stages: 1) an economic benefit for ractopamine was calculated from revenues due to improved feed efficiency, daily gain and carcass yield (dressing percent), and 2) the amount of a carcass lean premium needed per pig to recover the added cost of feeding ractopamine was …
Applicability Of High-Rise™ Hog Housing For Finishing Operations, Richard R. Stowell
Applicability Of High-Rise™ Hog Housing For Finishing Operations, Richard R. Stowell
Nebraska Swine Reports
The design of High-Rise™ swine facilities allows the generation of a solid, manure-laden material from hogs raised in confinement housing with slatted floors. The volume of manure that must be handled annually can be reduced through continuous moisture loss that takes place within the system’s drying bed and recycling of bed material. Recycling typically involves mixing material twice a year — at the end of finishing periods. Moisture contents of twice-recycled manure-laden bed material ranged between 55-65% with continuous aeration for three years of production. This moisture range makes the material acceptable directly as feedstock for composting. Ammonia emissions should …
Two-Stage Selection For Ovulation Rate And Litter Size In Swine — An Effective Procedure To Increase Reproductive Rate, Agustin Ruiz-Flores, Rodger K. Johnson
Two-Stage Selection For Ovulation Rate And Litter Size In Swine — An Effective Procedure To Increase Reproductive Rate, Agustin Ruiz-Flores, Rodger K. Johnson
Nebraska Swine Reports
Litter size continues to be an important economic variable in pig production. Two determinants of litter size are ovulation rate and uterine capacity, where uterine capacity is defined as the maximum number of pigs a female can carry to parturition. When the number of fertilized ova exceeds uterine capacity embryo/fetal losses during gestation reduce litter size to that sow’s uterine capacity. This experiment tested whether litter size can be increased by direct selection for ovulation rate and uterine capacity. It was accomplished by selecting for ovulation rate (OR) and number of fully formed pigs at birth (FF) in two stages. …
Dietary Manipulation To Reduce Ammonia Concentration In Nursery Pig Facilities, Janeth J. Colina, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer
Dietary Manipulation To Reduce Ammonia Concentration In Nursery Pig Facilities, Janeth J. Colina, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer
Nebraska Swine Reports
Five trials were conducted to determine the effects of Yucca schidigera extract or calcium chloride addition to the diet on aerial ammonia concentration and growth performance in nursery pigs. Trials were divided into two groups: preliminary studies (two trials) and major study (three trials). Pigs were fed one of three diets in separate, environmentally regulated rooms: 1) Control, containing 23% CP; 2) Control diet plus 125 ppm of Yucca schidigera extract; and 3) Control plus 1.95% calcium chloride. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and ADG/ADFI were recorded weekly. Aerial ammonia concentration was measured daily using aspiration …
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.
Valine, Isoleucine, And Histidine Supplementation Of Low-Protein, Amino Acid-Supplemented Diets For Growing Pigs, Jose L. Figueroa, Austin J. Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer
Valine, Isoleucine, And Histidine Supplementation Of Low-Protein, Amino Acid-Supplemented Diets For Growing Pigs, Jose L. Figueroa, Austin J. Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer
Nebraska Swine Reports
Previous experiments have shown that when the crude protein of a growing diet is reduced from 16 to 11% there is reduced growth performance of pigs, even though the diets are supplemented with lysine, tryptophan, threonine, and methionine. To determine which amino acid was next limiting in a corn-soybean meal, low-protein (11%), amino acid-supplemented diet, we conducted three experiments. In each of the three experiments, 36 growing gilts were individually penned and fed one of six diets. The three first diets were used in all three experiments: 1) 16% crude protein (CP) positive control, 2) 12% CP neutral control, and …
Plasma Urea Concentrations Of Pigs On Commercial Operations, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Plasma Urea Concentrations Of Pigs On Commercial Operations, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Nebraska Swine Reports
Research was conducted on commercial swine operations to determine whether plasma urea concentrations could be used as an indicator of the protein requirement of growing-finishing pigs. The research consisted of a 30-question survey and an on-farm visit to collect blood and feed samples. The survey included questions about genetics, nutrition, housing and health. Results showed that when plasma urea concentrations were analyzed across all phases of production, barrows had greater plasma urea concentrations than gilts. Plasma urea concentrations varied between the different phases of production, with nursery pigs having the lowest plasma urea concentrations, followed by growing and finishing pigs, …
Economic Value Of Ractopamine (Paylean™) For Finishing Pigs, Duane Reese, Larry L. Bitney
Economic Value Of Ractopamine (Paylean™) For Finishing Pigs, Duane Reese, Larry L. Bitney
Nebraska Swine Reports
Ractopamine, a feed additive which improves feed efficiency, daily gain and several carcass characteristics recently became available to pork producers. An economic feasibility analysis on the feeding of 4.5, 9.0, and 18.0 g/ ton ractopamine to finishing pigs fed a 16% crude protein (0.82% lysine) corn-soybean meal diet from 150 to 240 lb was conducted. The analysis was performed in two stages: 1) an economic benefit for ractopamine was calculated from cost savings due to improved feed efficiency and daily gain, and 2) the amount of carcass premium needed per pig to recover the added cost of feeding ractopamine was …
2001 Nebraska Swine Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Nutrition
Phytase in Swine Diets
Dietary Manipulation to Reduce Ammonia Concentration in Nursery Pig Facilities
Plasma Urea Concentrations of Pigs on Commercial Operations
Replacing Conventionally Processed Soybean Meal with Extruded/Expelled Soybean Meal in Swine Diets
Economic Value of Ractopamine (Paylean™) for Finishing Pigs
Valine, Isoleucine, and Histidine Supplementation of Low-Protein, Amino Acid-Supplemented Diets for Growing Pigs
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) and Body Fat Changes
The Effect of Compensatory Growth on Organ Weights and Carcass Composition in Growing Gilts
Factors Affecting Small Intestine Development in Weanling Pigs
Genetics
Two-stage Selection for Ovulation Rate and Litter Size in Swine – an …
Supreme Court Rules In Progress Pig Case, J. David Aiken
Supreme Court Rules In Progress Pig Case, J. David Aiken
Nebraska Swine Reports
Article 8 §12 of the Nebraska constitution (Initiative 300) establishes several requirements for corporations to legally qualify as family farm or ranch corporations. Under one provision, a majority of the family farm or ranch corporation’s shareholders must be family members, “at least one of whom is a person residing on or actively engaged in the day-to-day labor and management of the farm or ranch.” In Hall v Progress Pig Inc., 259 Neb 407 (May 12, 2000) (Progress Pig II) the Nebraska Supreme Court ruled that where no family member resides on the farm or ranch, a family member must …
Phytase In Swine Diets, Mike Brumm
Phytase In Swine Diets, Mike Brumm
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted to determine whether phytase additions to swine growing-finishing diets improved the availability of lysine, calcium, energy and phosphorus in corn and soybean meal-based diets. Diets investigated for growing-finishing barrows of high-lean-gain potential included: 1) University of Nebraska recommended diet formulations; 2) diets formulated to contain 85% of the lysine recommended; 3) lysine-deficient diets formulated with phytase; 4) phytase-formulated diets with phytase deleted; and 5) phytase-formulated diets with phytase deleted and with additional calcium and phosphorus. Pigs fed diets formulated to 85% of the recommended lysine level had slower growth, slower daily lean gain, poorer feed conversion, …
The Effect Of Compensatory Growth On Organ Weights And Carcass Composition In Growing Gilts, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
The Effect Of Compensatory Growth On Organ Weights And Carcass Composition In Growing Gilts, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of compensatory growth and amino acid supply on organ weights and carcass characteristics in growing gilts. Gilts were fed either a corn-soybean meal diet or a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with crystalline lysine. Pigs were randomly allotted to either a 21-day ad libitum eating period or a 42-day restricted-realimentated feeding period. The restricted-realimentated (RR) feeding period consisted of a 21-day restriction period and a 21- day ad libitum eating period (realimentation). During the restriction period, pigs were fed to maintain body weight. Results indicated that during the restriction period, gilts had a …
Factors Affecting Small Intestine Development In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Factors Affecting Small Intestine Development In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Nebraska Swine Reports
The pig faces significant biological and environmental challenges after weaning. A great deal of information is available on behavior, environment, health, and nutrition of the newly weaned pig; however, newly weaned pigs still suffer a growth lag. The pig’s small intestinal structure and function is altered during the days that follow weaning. As a consequence, the digestive and absorptive capacity of weanling pigs is decreased during this period and this may be partially responsible for the post weaning growth lag. Additionally, health benefits may be associated with an improved small intestinal structure and function. The goal of this article is …
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Cla) And Body Fat Changes, Jess L. Miner, Chris Cederberg, Xiaoli Chen, Clifton Baile, Merlyn K. Nielsen
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Cla) And Body Fat Changes, Jess L. Miner, Chris Cederberg, Xiaoli Chen, Clifton Baile, Merlyn K. Nielsen
Nebraska Swine Reports
Feeding mixed isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds (CLA) reduces body fat in several species, including pigs. To learn about the mechanism involved, we fed CLA to sexually mature mice at 0, 1 and 2% of the diet for 5, 12 and 14 days. Dietary CLA reduced body fat by nearly 50% but did not reduce body weight. Mice fed CLA also experienced programmed death (apoptosis) of fat cells. This implicates a new mechanism (fat cell death) by which CLA reduces body fat without reducing lean. The effectiveness of feeding CLA for as few as five days may …
Replacing Conventionally Processed Soybean Meal With Extruded/Expelled Soybean Meal In Swine Diets, Andrea M. Tucker, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese
Replacing Conventionally Processed Soybean Meal With Extruded/Expelled Soybean Meal In Swine Diets, Andrea M. Tucker, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
The effects of extruded/expelled soybean meal (ESBM) on growth performance and carcass composition of pigs from weaning to slaughter were investigated. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, weaned pigs were fed a diet containing either conventional solvent-extracted soybean meal or ESBM. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were greater in pigs fed the control diet. The second experiment was designed to determine whether nursery diet influenced performance during the growing-finishing period. In the second experiment, half of the pigs from Experiment 1 were assigned to either a control or ESBM diet and were fed until slaughter. Average daily …
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance, due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effects we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.