Animal Sciences Commons^™

The Fungus Lagenidium Callinectes Couch (1942) On Eggs Of The Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay., Rosalie Rogers-Talbert

VIMS Articles

In 1941 a parasitic fungus was first observed on the eggs of many obtained from natural spawning areas in Chesapeake Bay (Sandoz, Rogers, Newcombe, 1944). Dr. John N. Couch of the University of North Carolina examined infected samples and recognized the parasite to be a new species, he named Lagenidiiin callinectes Couch (1942).

Marked annual fluctuations in the commercial catches of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun (1895) have taken place. The discovery of the egg raised the questions of how it affects the development of the crab embryo, percentage of the eggs of a crab may be infected, and …

Announcement Of The Virginia Fisheries Laboratory Of The College Of William And Mary And Commission Of Fisheries Of Virginia, College Of William And Mary, Commission Of Fisheries In Virginia

Miscellaneous

Issued for Prospective Students and Visiting Investigators. Teaching and Research Programs in Aquatic Biology. Williamsburg and Yorktown, Virginia.

Announcement Of The Virginia Fisheries Laboratory Of The College Of William And Mary And Commission Of Fisheries Of Virginia Issued For Prospective Students And Visiting Investigators, Virginia Fisheries Laboratory

Miscellaneous

No abstract provided.

Oyster Setting Records For Rappahannock River, Jay D. Andrews

Reports

1. The Rappahannook River probably never did get a consistent set of oyster spat.

2. In the year 1941 occurred the best set in recent years. No quantitative data.

3.The set for 1942 was practically nil.

4. The set for 1945 was very small or none.

5. The 1944 set was probably the second best in recent years with an average of 176 spat per bushel for the whole river.

6. No set of consequence occurred above Towles Point· in 1945, and a very light set occurred below this point.

7. Limited records indicate a year similar to 1945 for …

Report On Past And Current Fisheries Research Activities Directly Relating To Virginia, Nelson Marshall

Reports

No abstract provided.

The Food Of Juvenile Leiostomus Xanthurus And Roccus Sa:Xatilis Taken In The York River, E. Tresselt

Reports

The stomach contents of 37 spot and 40 rock taken in the York River over a five week period were examined and the organisms present were identified as nearly as possible.

The Shrimp Fishery In North Carolina Considered In Terms Of Productivity Potentialities, Marshall Nelson, Virginia Fisheries Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Early Life History Of The Oyster Crab, Pinnotheres Ostreum (Say), Mildred Sandoz, Sewell H. Hopkins

VIMS Articles

The first and second zoeae of Pinnotheres ostreum have been described Hyman (1924). The five crab stages parasitic in the oyster (Ostrea virginica) have been described by Stauber (1945). The present paper is an attempt to plete the knowledge of the development of the oyster crab from the egg to the first crab instar. This work was done at the Virginia Fisheries Laboratory in summer of 1944, under the direction of Dr. Curtis L. Newcombe.

The first Pinnotherid larva to be described was the zoea of Pinnotheres pisum Leach, the British pea crab. This species has three or more zoeae. …

Weekly Oyster Spatfall On Shellbags, 1947, In The James River Seed Area, J. D. Andrews

Reports

Data sheets for three stations monitored weekly in 1947: Nansemond Ridge (in Hampton Roads), Wreck Shoal, and Deep Water Shoal.

Notes within.

Crabs Are Abundant In Bay This Year, Sewell Hopkins

Reports

Crw oatob records arc being collected. now from the winter dredge fishery by the Virginia Fisheries Laboratory. The crab dredge boats are finding crabs more abundant than for many years. The dredging season opened November 29 and will last until March 3l. During the first month, crab dredgers averaged about 25 barrels per trip, with some boats making occasional catches of 70 to 80 barrels.

Early History Of The Crab Industry In The U.S., Sewell H. Hopkins

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Oyster Strike On The Seaside Of Virginia, John G. Mackin

Reports

The Seaside oyster producing grounds of Tidewater lie between the string of off-shore islands and the mainland. The area is made up of a series of wide shallow bays and marsh islands cut by channels through which the tide ebbs and flows. Streams emptying into these bays from the mainland side are short and, excepting in extremely unusual wet weather, have little effect on the salinity of the bay waters which varies from 28 to 30 parts per thousand. The tidal range is nearly 5 feet, and at high spring tides cover the highest points of the marsh islands. At …

Research Seeks To Expand New Fishery, J.G. Mackin, R. Winston Menzel

VIMS Articles

(...) In 1940, the ribbed mussels, Volsella demissus, of Tidewater Virginia were discovered by Du Pont chemists to be rich in this "provitamin D." This discovery was followed immediately by the development of a mussel fishery on the "Seaside" of Virginia's Eastern Shore peninsula, the activity centering on the large intertidal marshes where the mussels grow and in the shucking houses along the water fronts of shore towns where the mussels are steamed, shucked, and packed for shipment. This fishery has since constituted the country's principal available "provitamin D" source, and large war demands for eggs and poultry meat have …

Future Of The Virginia Oyster Industry, Curtis L. Newcombe, R. Winston Menzel

VIMS Articles

CHESAPEAKE BAY has long been famous for its oysters. Shared by Maryland and Virginia, this natural resource contributes greatly to the economic life of about thirty Tidewater counties. Virginia oyster grounds extend approximately half way up the bay and reach far up the numerous tributaries. In addition, there are thousands of acres of oyster grounds on the Sea Side of the Eastern Shore.

Despite the magnitude of the acreage adapted for growing oysters, comparatively little effort has been made to find out just how valuable the industry is to the state or to explore its possibilities for development. Federal statistics …

The Biology And Conservation Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, Curtis L. Newcombe

Reports

No abstract provided.

The External Morphology Of The Third And Fourth Zoeal Stages Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, Sewell H. Hopkins

VIMS Articles

For the past two years, workers at the Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, Williams- burg, have been attempting to rear larvae of the commercially important blue crab from the egg through all zoeal stages. In 1941 Dr. Margaret S. Lochhead worked out a successful method of hatching the eggs (Lochhead, Lochhead and Newcombe, 1942) and reared the larvae to the "second zoea" stage. During the summers of 1942 and 1943 this work was continued by Mrs. Mildred Sandoz and Miss Rosalie Rogers, who succeeded in rearing a number of individuals to the "third zoea" stage. The anatomy of the first and second …

Preliminary Report On Crab Investigations In Va. Waters Conducted By The Va. Fisheries Laboratory, Virginia Fisheries Laboratory

Reports

Crab studies conducted by the Va. Fisheries Laboratory during 1943 and 1944 have included several lines of investigation that are reported here.

The Effect Of Environmental Factors On Hatching, Moulting, And Survival Of Zoeal Larvae Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, Mildred Sandoz, Rosalie M. Rogers

VIMS Articles

The blue crab constitutes a major fishery of the Chesapeake Bay amount- ing in 1939 to about fifty-seven million pounds. During the past two decades there have been pronounced fluctuations in the catches attributed to weather conditions and to industrial practices. Thus, from 1939 to 1941 the crab catch declined over 50% in Maryland and about 40% in Virginia (U. S. Fishery Statistics, '41). Since then there has been a marked increase in production.

For successful management of the fishery, further biological information is required to provide a sound basis for conservation policy. The particular biological problem with which we …

The Nutritional Value Of Seafoods, Curtis L. Newcombe

Reports

No abstract provided.

The Biology And Conservation Of The Blue Crab, Curtis L. Newcombe

Reports

No abstract provided.

Seafoods : Their Wartime Role In Maintaining Nutritional Standards, Curtis L. Newcombe, Grace J. Blank

VIMS Articles

Recent years have witnessed improved dietary changes, due largely to an increase in knowledge of nutrition and to a wide dissemination of this knowledge.

Since about 1915 there has been a significant upward trend in· the consumption of milk, green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, and citrus fruits-the so-called protective foods-all of which are extremely rich in those nutrients that are often deficient in low-cost diets. The total weight of food consumed per person per year has remained fairly constant, but there has been a downward trend for meats, grain products, and potatoes, and the use of the protective foods has been …

Steps Toward Crab Conservation In Chesapeake Bay, Mildred Sandoz

VIMS Articles

Blue crabs have increased in abundance in Chesapeake Bay since 1941, but In that year an acute shortage developed which threatened the entire fishery. 'IThe serious decline of the fishery, which began in 1940, demonstrated the necessity of finding a way of assuring rapid recovery and preventing a recurrence of similar shortages. One significant step in this direction was taken by the Commission of Fisheries of Virginia in 1941, upon the request of the Hampton Crab Packers Association. A large sanctuary was established at the mouth of the bay, closed to crab fishing during July and August, to protect egg-bearing …

Efforts To Find Small Crabs, R. W. Menzel

Reports

On January 22, 1943 an effort was made to secure small crabs. Using the boat "Agnes Hope" the entire afternoon was spent dredging in Back Creek from O.R. Mill's crab house to the entrance in the Bay.

Report On Green Croaker Infection Of Lower Chesapeake Bay In July, 1943, H. S. Davis

Reports

For three weeks previous to July 15, local catches of large croakers were report to have a high percentage that showed a green coloration of the mid-ventral surface which, under normal refrigeration conditions, became intensified.

On Jule 15th, six fish were examined- one small fresh specimen, normal, taken from landing boat - number 1; two large fifteen-inch fish, normal, that had been in storage for 3 days - numbers 2 and 3; three large fish with slight external discoloration after three day in storage; numbers 4, 5, and 6.

Observations on Croakers obtained through the courtesy of Mr. Forrest, of …

Announcement Of The College Of William And Mary And Commission Of Fisheries In Virginia Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, College Of William And Mary

Miscellaneous

Teaching and Research Programs in Aquatic Biology. Official Publication of the College of William and Mary in Virginia

Methods Of Hatching Eggs Of The Blue Crab, Margaret S. Lochhead, Curtis L. Newcombe

VIMS Articles

The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, is the only important marketable crustacean in Chesapeake Bay. While this body of water may be regarded as a center of its numerical distribution, blue crabs in the United States range from Cape Cod south to Texas. Their economic importance is indicated by records of the Federal Government which report for the four-year period 1936-39, an annual average of over 82 million hard crabs valued at about $526,000 from Virginia and 56 million worth about $382,000 from Maryland. Soft crab catches in the two states during this period were approximately the same, amounting in …

Observations On The Conservation Of The Chesapeake Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, Curtis L. Newcombe, Ellen H. Gray

VIMS Articles

It is a matter of common knowledge among conservationists that the blue crab supply of the Chesapeake is rapidly declining, being reduced from a level of about 17 millions in 1931 to that of about 10 million crabs in 1937. (Md. Rept. 1937). Numerous explanations have been advanced to account for this decline. One outstanding reason is the taking of such large numbers of "sponge" (berried) crabs and mated female crabs, a practice which undoubtedly reduces the potential supply of young crabs for the ensuing year.

Another menace to the survival of the blue crab lies in the way in …

Conserving Our Salt-Water Fisheries: Work Of The Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, Curtis L. Newcombe

VIMS Articles

Even the casual visitor to many of our small Tidewater Virginia fishing communities will see signs of diminishing prosperity. A prosperous era has been succeeded by a period of lower economic and social levels.

What are the underlying causes of this declining trend? In facing this problem, so broad in its scope and so serious in its effect, the Virginia Fisheries Laboratory has, during the past year, effected an organization for analyzing conditions in our commercial fisheries and for disseminating facts about them and the need for their conservation.

Introduction To The Study Of Virginia Fisheries, Virginia Fisheries Laboratory

Reports

Article No. 1 of Educational Series A on Aquatic Biology issued by the Virginia Fisheries Laboratory of the College of William and Mary and the Commission of Fisheries in Virginia.

Survey Of Oyster Grounds In Virginia - Report Of J.B. Baylor To The Governor Of Virginia, James B. Baylor

Miscellaneous

Note: The full Baylor report referenced in this work is located at the Library of Virginia Special Collections (East Side SH365 .V7 1894a) in this document:

Wilkins, John T. Oyster Records. Distance and Bearings of Numbered Corners of Public Grounds from Shore Stations, Depth of Water, Descriptions of Shore Stations, &c., &c. ... Richmond: N.p., 1894. Print.