Animal Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Hunting Season Length On Comparable Pheasant Populations, Temple A. Reynolds

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

For many years sportsmen have speculated that hunting limits pheasant populations. With the abolition of the Pheasant Game Farm program in Utah in 1953, this popular concept gained much impetus with the result that, because of public disfavor to a longer season, a 3 to 5 day season on pheasants is the maximum that has been called in northern Utah and this only in areas classed as "better" pheasant habitat.

In contrast to the short seasons in Utah, pheasant seasons in southern Idaho have been from 8½ to 15½ days long for the past 10 years, and will be even …

The Use Of Branchiostegal Rays To Determine Age Of Lake Trout Salvelinus Namaycush Walbaum, Ross Vivian Bulkley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Any method used in aging fish must fulfill certain requirements to be satisfactory. If the method is inaccurate, naturally little reliance can be placed upon its use. If considerable study of the method and much practice are required before accurate readings can be obtained, the method will not come into widespread use. The requirements of an aging method, then are that it must be accurate and comparatively easy. The scale method for aging lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush Walbaum) unfortunately does not fulfill these requirements. It has always been difficult to tell the age of lake trout by the examination …

Range Liverstock Nutrition And Its Importance In The Intermountain Region, C. Wayne Cook

Faculty Honor Lectures

It has been estimated that about 728 million acres or about 76 percent of the entire land area in the West is used for grazing (Stoddard and Smith 1956). In Utah about 93 percent of the land area or 48,900,000 acres is considered range land (Reuss and Blanch 1951). Although some of this range land is forested, a large area of it can be used only for grazing. Therefore, range livestock production is an important segment of western agriculture.

Before 19'00 most of the animals in the West grazed on the range all year. However, irrigation crop production has expanded …

An Evaluation Of Methods Of Concentrating And Counting The Phytoplankton Of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho, William J. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The phytoplankton, or plant plankton, live in the open water throughout their life cycle and obtain the necessary nutrients from the water. They are important contributors to the total plant production of lakes and ponds.

A Study Of The Winter Foraging Habits Of Mule Deer In Enclosures In Northern Utah With A Test Of The Half-And-Half Sampling Technique, Donald R. Flook

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mule deer provide recreational bunting to a large number of sportsmen in Utah, and also have a high aesthetic value.

Prior to settlement, deer are believed to have wintered in the valleys and lower foothill areas. However, in northern Utah agricultural development bas removed many valleys and lower foothill areas from the available winter range. The winter deer range in this area has therefore been restricted to a relatively small area of foothill country, and low elevation mountain slopes and benches.

Evaluation Of Stream Bottom Fauna Sampling Techniques As Used In The Logan River, Donald C. Hales

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the square-foot bottom sampler was described by Surber (1937) it has been the principle instrument used for quantitative studies of the bottom fauna in riffle areas of streams. However, little has been written concerning the actual number of square-foot samples necessary to describe stream bottom fauna in terms of the number or volume of organisms.

A Study Of Aquatic Insects Of Logan River, Utah, Daood Salman Mutlag

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The field of aquatic biology requires intensive work and investigation for getting the important insects for biologic a l studies in laboratory and for estimating the quantity needed as food for fish population in the river.

Lactation Curves Of Holstein Cows As Influenced By Age, Gestation, And Season Of Freshening, George Edward Patterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lactation curves of dairy cows have been studied by dairy scientists for many years. The effects of various hereditary end non-hereditary influences on the lactation curve have been observed. Factors have been developed to standardize production to a common basis, correcting for differences in age, length of lactation, milking per day, gestation and environment.

Determination Of Digestibility Of Lignin By Mule Deer, Robert B. Turner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The conflicting problems involving the herds of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are of major interest throughout Utah. Individuals who are affected the most are sportsmen, ranchers, fruitgrowers, sanitation engineers, home owners, federal administrators, and big game managers. Mainly, the problems arise as a result of insufficient forage, especially on the winter range. Here, factors such as increased deer numbers, decreased range productivity, severe winters, and expanded agricultural activity make more acute the problem of a naturally critical season.

Restoration of forage by artificial measures may be necessary as a management solution for certain areas. Range rehabilitation, rather than …

Factors In The Development And Restoration Of Waterfowl Habitat At Ogden Bay Refuge Weber County, Utah, Noland F. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Millions of acres of marshland have been destroyed by the industrial and agricultural development of this continent. Drainage, water diversion, land leveling, and some other factors which destroyed waterfowl habitat were in most instances essential steps in man's progress; but water pollution, unwise drainage, and other soil and water abuses were tragic and unessential steps in our history of land exploitation that have destroyed vast acreages of habitat. The future of waterfowl on this continent hinges upon the success of restoration or new marsh development to replace this destroyed habitat.

The Use Of Lactic Acid In The Manufacture Of Cheddar Cheese From Milk Containing An Antibiotic, Elmer George Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The manufacture of cheddar cheese is greatly dependent on bacterial growth for acid production. The quality of cheese depends upon the type and extent of microbial activity.

An important function of the lactic fermenting bacteria is the production of acid resulting from cellular metabolism. If little or no acid is production of acid resulting from cellular metabolism. If little or no acid is produced the resulting cheese will have an inferior body, flavor, and texture and may even cause the cheese to be used as grinders.

Effects On Urinary Metabolites Of Rats Fed Various Edible Fats, Cleve R. Winkel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

For many years, substitutes for butterfat have been the subject of much controversy. Their acceptance as being nutritionally equal to butterfat has often been question. The importance of this problem lies primarily in its economic and nutritional significance.

A recent study of public attitudes toward dairy products conducted by Alfred Politz Research, Inc. for the American Dairy Association, shows that 48.4 per cent of the population believed that butter is a more nutritions food than oleomargarine. Only 6 per cent thought that oleomargarine is more nutritious while 27.2 per cent believed they are about the same. The remainder, 18.4 per …

Age And Growth Of The Utah Chub, Gila Atraria (Girard), In Panguitch Lake And Navajo Lake, Utah, From Scales And Opercular Bones, John M. Neuhold

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Previous literature indicates the opercular bone as a useful tool for the determination of age and growth of fish. The reliability and validity of this method is tested for two populations of Utah chub. Age and growth are calculated for 222 Utah chub collected from Panguitch Lake and 212 Utah chub collected from Navajo Lake, southern Utah, in 1952-1953 from both scales and opercular bones. Scales are measured with the aid of a projector. Opercular bones are measured directly. The center of growth of the opercular bone is posterior to the posterior lip of the fulcrum. Correction for curvature is …

Use Of Corn Syrup Solids Of Different Dextrose Equivalents In The Manufacture Of Frozen Desserts, Wiggo F. Axelgard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ice cream industry continually faces the problem of improving its frozen desserts. At the present time corn syrup solids are being used to supplement milk serum solids to improve the body and texture of these products.

One of the problems is to increase the total solids content of frozen desserts without increasing sweetness or developing sandiness in the finished product. There is a limit to the amount of milk serum solids that can be used because of the danger of sandiness and the cost. The use of corn syrup solids helps to overcome these limiting factors.

The corn syrup …

Muskrat And Waterfowl Production And Harvest On Dingle Swamp, Bear Lake County, Idaho, Henry M. Reeves

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Dingle Swamp, a high altitude marsh, is located in the extreme southeastern corner of Idaho in Bear Lake Valley. The 16,000 acre marsh, one of the largest in the state, is separated from Bear Lake by only a narrow curved sandbar. Numerous islands, ponds, and channels diversify the characteristic bulrush vegetation of the marsh. The largest body of water, Mud Lake, is approximately 1 square mile in area. Several thousand muskrats and fair numbers of waterfowl, particularly Canada geese, are produced annually on the marsh.

A Study Of Mineral Nutrition Of Range Cattle In Southeastern Utah, Robert J. Raleigh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cattlemen of south central Utah in Sevier and Wayne County areas have been plagued for the past twenty-five or thirty years by a malady known to the cattleman as "Brisket Disease." It is a chronic disease affecting both male and female of all ages. It is characterized in advance stages by enlargement of the brisket and throat regions, loss of appetite, a general unthrifty condition and marked ascites. The seriousness of the disease is indicated by a morbidity rate varying from one to five percent of the cattle grazing these areas with almost one hundred percent mortality rate.

Many of …

A Comparison Of Formulae In The Manufacture Of Ice Milk, Glen Wilford Sargent

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ice milk is not a new product in the ice cream industry. Rather it is one that has gained only little popularity, except in the preparation of "malts" and "milk shakes"; however, within the last decade the gallonage of ice milk produced has more than doubled.

Ice milk has been relatively unimportant because of the difficulty of obtaining a product with acceptable quality. In recent years progressive ice milk manufacturers and research workers have discovered new ingredients and processing procedure that seem to produce favorable results.

This low-fat product has several merits that justify its recent popularity, such as low …

The Influence Of Amounts Of Propionibacterium Shermanii On Eye Formation And Flavor Of Swiss Cheese, Dan G. Turner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Swiss cheese has been rightly called "king of the cheeses." It has been prized the world over for its stately appearance and sweet "hazelnut" flavor. In grading Swiss cheese, these two things,appearance and flavor, are important considerations in determining the cheese score. Appearance is judges according to the number, type, and size of eyes present in the cheese, with color and body and texture also considered. Flavor is judges according to the degree of sweetness and the amount and kinds of off flavors present.

In the past, there has been considerable variation in the quality of the Swiss cheese produces. …

Factors Affecting The California Quail Populations In Uintah County, Utah, R. Lynn Nielson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The California Quail is native to the coastal and semi-arid regions of California extending north into Oregon. Two subspecies are commonly recognized. the California Quail (Lophortyx californica brunnescens Ridgway), and the Valley Quail (Lophortyx californica californica Shaw). The two forms are very similar in coloration and habits and, for the purpose of this study, no effort is made to distinguish the two.

A Management Study Of The Idaho-Utah Interstate Deer Herd With Special Reference To The Sublett, Black Pine, And East Raft River Mountain Unit, Kenneth L. Diem

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Extensive deer migrations have been observed for many, years in western mountain regions. More recently several complex interstate migrations have become the objects of careful study and the subjects of special wildlife movement programs. The interstate deer migrations between the Sublett-Black Pine, Idaho, areas and the East Raft River Mountain, Utah, area are not exceptional. These migrations are now of such a magnitude that they are creating management problems of increasing importance to the 2 states involved.

The Effect Of Feeding Sucrose To Beef And Swine On The Percentage Of Carbohydrate, Ph, Color, Texture, And Flavor Of Muscle And Liver, Margaret B. Merkley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carbohydrates have long been a part of animal feeding rations. Grains are included in all animal feeding formulas. The by-products of sugar beets have been used for many years in livestock feeding (Kutish 1950b). The use of molasses in commercial feed mixes in 1899 made possible its extended use in animal feeding practices (Hall 1950).

Protein feeds for cattle are relatively high in price and not available in adequate supply. With these facts in mind Culbertson of Iowa State College set up experiments in 1950 to find out whether part or all of the protein supplement could be replaced with …

An Ecological Study Of The Utah Sculpin Cottus Bairdi Semiscaber In Logan River, Utah, William Merle Zarbock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study of the Utah sculpin Cottus bairdi semiscaber, or Rocky Mountain bullhead as it is known locally on Logan River, Utah, is primarily one of determining its relation to game fish. Field work for this study began in 1949 and continued to March of 1951. Numbers of the Utah sculpin on Logan River have been estimated to be as high as 150 per tenth mile of stream. The larger populations are in the area of the third impoundment on Logan River and downstream.

An Economic Study Of Rats (Genus Rattus) In Cache County, Utah, John Vincent Bruce

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The most destructive animals in the world are rats (Rattus sp.). The annual destruction caused by rats in the United States is not known. but it has been estimated to be $189,000,000, according to Silver (1942) of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Silver states that our nation’s farmers lose approximately $6,000,000 annually. Rats not only eat vast amounts of food meant for human and livestock consumption, but they contaminate and waste as much or more than they eat. Rats are able to gnaw into buildings, grain bins, and other places were food and shelter are available to …

The Opercular Bone As An Indicator Of Age And Growth Of The Carp Cyprinus Carpio Linnaeus, William J. Mcconell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As part of an investigation of the non-game fish resources of Utah, a study of the age and growth rate of the carp was instituted. A preliminary investigation indicated that the opercular method was superior to several other methods of determining age and growth in the carp. Age and growth were calculated from the opercular bones of 330 carp collected at Ogden Bay Refuge in 1950-51. Distances to annuli were measured directly. The relationship between the posterior radius of the opercular bone and the standard length of the carp was curvilinear. Past growth was calculated with a logarithmic nomograph. Expected …

The Effect Of Common Contaminants On Cheese Starter, Ivan R. Miller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Starter is the "heart" of the cheese making industry. Only by proper handling of starter can good quality cheese be made. The economic loss from contaminated starter may prove disastrous to a cheese plant if proper corrective measures are not taken.

Milk usually contains a variety of bacteria. Under plant conditions some of these bacteria get into the mother starter or bulk starter unless extreme caution is used. Comparatively little is known about how one organism influences another when grown in milk. This problem is important in the cheese industry.

Age And Growth Of The Green Sunfish Lepomis Cyanellus Rafinesque In Northern Utah, Young E. Wright

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque is a member of the sunfish family Centrarchidae. Curtis (1949) states that all members of the sunfish family are native only to North America, and are primarily warm-water fish. According to Jordan and Evermann (1934) the green sun-fish is generally abundant in all suitable waters from central Ohio and Indiana to the Rio Grande. Forbes and Richardson (1920) give the general distribution of the green sunfish to be from the Great Lakes to Mexico, the Mississippi Valley, and everywhere in small sluggish streams except east of the Alleghanies and in Canada. The green sunfish …

An Evaluation Of Wool Density Sampling Procedures When Using The Wira Fleece Caliper, Doyle J. Matthews

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wool is still the most valuable and the most versatile fiber used by man. Many questions regarding its production have gone unanswered for centuries. This problem is undertaken in the hope of contributing information which might be used in further study on the problem of wool density.

The Relative Efficiency Of Artificially Stack-Dried Alfalfa Hay Versus Field-Cured Alfalfa Hay In Promoting Growth Of Dairy Heifers At Huntley, Montana, John A. Stocking

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Roughage is the cheapest source of nutrients for herbivorous animals, and alfalfa is the best of the roughages because animals consuming alfalfa as a major part of their diet have an adequate supply of protein, energy, and a considerable proportion of needed vitamins.

A Comparison Of Sweet Cream Buttermilk Powder With Nonfat Dried Milk Solids In The Manufacture Of Ice Cream, Davi Yanasugondha

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Properly dried sweet cream buttermilk, because of its high fat and lecithin contents, should make superior ice cream. Its use as a source of serum solids in ice cream. Its use as a source of serum solids in ice cream mix would open an outlet for this butter by-product and would serve the needs of ice cream manufacturers during nonfat dry milk solids shortage and it may make a higher score ice cream. The demand for milk solids shortage and it may make a higher score ice cream. The demand for milk solids has been increasing so rapidly that today …

Effects Of Aureomycin In Milk Used For The Manufacture Of Cheese, James A. Banghart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Importance of project:

In recent years many antibiotics have come to the foreground as a treatment for mastitis. Aureomycin is one of the more recent antibiotics that has been used for this purpose.

Aureomycin has been reported to be successful in curing some types of mastitis, but milk produced by cows that have been treated with Aureomycin does not act normal in the cheese manufacturing process. The most noticeable effect in milk from cows treated with Aureomycin has been slow or complete cessation of acid production by bacteria in cultured dairy products; this has been especially true in the cheese …