Animal Sciences Commons^™

Immunity To Ostertagiasis In Calves, Leo F. Lejambre

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Parasites are responsible for heavy economic loss to the livestock industry. The losses in cattle due to parasitism can only be roughly estimated, since many cattle do not die or become visibly sick. However, there are more subtle losses such as reduced growth rate, and decreased meat and milk production (Levine, 1961). In 1954 the U. S. Department of Agriculture published an estimate of the losses in agriculture over the 10 year period, 1942-1951. At that time, the best judgement of specialists in the Department of Agriculture placed the annual loss to parasitism in cattle at $19,026,000 of which $8,989,000 …

The Initiation Of Infection By Dna From Bacteriophage Lambda, Gerald D. Elseth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from bacteriophage λ can infect Escherichia coli K12 in the presence of adsorbed helper phage (Kaiser and Hogness, 1960; Kaiser, 1962). The manner in which λ DNA enters the cell and the possible role of helper phage in the penetration process is still not clear. Kinetic studies conducted in this laboratory during the initial stages of infection by λ DNA demonstrate a requirement for helper function during the penetration of an infectious molecule. Further investigation into this problem is needed and was the major objective of this study.

Coccidiosis Of Cattle, Datus M. Hammod

Faculty Honor Lectures

The disease known as coccidiosis occurs in many domestic and wild animals. It is of great importance in chickens, in which coccidiosis is one of the chief causes of losses to the producer. In cattle the disease was estimated by Fitzgerald in 1962' to cause an . annual loss of $3,500,000 in calves under one year of age in the 11 western states and $7,500,000 in the seven west north-central states. In making this estimate Fitzgerald calculated that 90 percent of all calves are infected by coccidia, and that the average loss amounted to 75 cents per head on all …

The Relative Accuracy Of Estimating The Production Of Dairy Cows As Affected By Length Of Testing Interval And Method Of Estimating Production, Ross M. Young

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Production records for dairy cows were first based on the yield of butter for a seven day period any time during the lactation. Later, 365- day records based on production for one day in each calendar month came into general use. The records preferred at present are 305- day records based on monthly test day production, but calculated using the centering date method. The centering date estimate is based on milk and butterfat production from two consecutive milkings per month. The sampling day is centered as nearly as possible in the test month period which need not coincide with the …

Canada Goose Production And Population Stability, Ogden Bay Waterfowl Management Area, Utah, Norman H. Dey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the development of Ogden Bay Waterfowl Management Area in 1937, the Canada goose (Branta canadesis moffitti) population increased to a peak in 1949 and then declined slightly. Nelson (1954) noted that the decrease in population was probably due to either a change in habitat or increased hunting pressure. In recent years, direct band returns have indicated a high mortality rate in the population. This project was initiated to determine the relative stability of the Canada goose population and to measure, as closely as possible, the effect of a high mortality rate upon the nesting population.

Lactation Efficiency Of Holstein Cows As Related To Rate And Efficiency Of Growth, Charles H. Mickelsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship of quantity and quality of feed to milk production has been studied for many years. Feeding standards have been developed to systematize feeding of dairy cows according to their requirements. Recently, interest in efficiency of cows in converting feed nutrients into milk has increased.

Ecological Factors Influencing Plant Distribution In The Shadscale Zone Of Southeastern Utah, Kamal M. Ibrahim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The intimate relationship between vegetation and soil has long been a subject of interest. Ecologists, soil surveyors, and ranchers have recognized that vegetation differences are often accompanied by variation in soil types.

Effects Of Beaver On Stream Flow And Water Quality, James W. Bates

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Water, one of the major resources of the western lands, controls the economy and expansion of the communities. Industry, agriculture, timber, livestock, game and home water needs are all dependent upon a steady and continued flow of water from wells, springs, and rivers. Water is derived from one source, precipitation, which occurs in the form of rain and snow. Watersheds which are properly managed accumulate a substantial snow pack during the winter which is the life-giving source of water for our springs.

The Utah Water and Power Report (1948) indicates the annual precipitation over the entire state of Utah averaged …

Group Grain Feeding Versus Individual Grain Feeding Of Lactating Dairy Cows, Earl Max Sudweeks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Grain feeding is an important part of a dairy feeding program. Grain supplies energy in a concentrated form and when fed as a supplement to forage permits cows to maintain high levels of production. Also, if the forage is of low quality, additional protein and other nutrients can be supplied with the grain in a concentrate mix. By feeding a balanced concentrate mix, according to individual production, each cow receives the necessary nutrients for production. Dairy cows are usually fed grain individually.

Influence Of Age On Milk Production Of Holstein Cows In Utah, Marvin R. Green

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Production of dairy cows is influenced by many factors, among which are: genetics, nutrition, management, disease and age. Most of these factors can be modified to maintain a high level of production. Age, however, is beyond the influence of mankind; therefore, it is important to understand the effect of age on milk and butter-fat production.

Factors Affecting The Waterfowl Hunter Utilization And The Waterfowl Kill At The Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, 1960-61, Stephen V. Goddard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In 1960 there were 1,955, 000 waterfowl hunters in the United States. These hunters spent $89,431, 000 (an average of $45.74 per individual) and 15,158, 000 hunter days in the field. The hunting population will increase 35 percent by 1975 (Anonymous, 1960).

The large increase in hunters will bring a proportional increase in the demand for places to hunt. Many states face the problem of providing enough public hunting for such an army of sportsmen. Studies by Kozlik (1958) in California, Gordinier (1957) and Friley (1959) in Michigan, and Bednarik (1957, 1961) in Ohio point out some of the problems …

A Study Of The Use Of The Hydrogen Peroxide-Catalase Treatment Of Milk In The Manufacture Of A Reduced Fat, Cheddar-Like Cheese, Lamar John Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nutritionists, the medical profession, and the public in general have become increasingly interested in low fat food products. Cheddar cheese, as it is now made, has a high caloric value and therefore may be discriminated against in some diets. The production of a reduced fat cheddar-like cheese would be of importance to the cheese industry by providing a reduced fat, high protein product.

The chemical nature of the casein furnishes the foundation for the body and texture in cheese. The body and texture of typical cheddar cheese is influenced principally by its fat and moisture content.

The use of hydrogen …

A Study Of The Effects Of Acidity On Shelf Life And Type Of Spoilage In Market Milk, Jagannath M. Kudale

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The addition of the Streptococcus lactis culture in the pasteurized milk was studied, in an attempt to find the effects of the culture in prolonging shelf life of the milk. Various concentrations of the culture were tried to find the optimum concentration that would give favorable effect on keeping quality of the milk. It was found that the addition of Streptococcus lactis culture at the rate of 0.0001 percent has shown promising effects in prolonging shelf life of the milk at the storage temperature of 40 F.

In addition to the above study, effects of added acid in the pasteurized …

The Life Cycle And Pathogenicity Of Eimeria Auburnensis, Wayne Norris Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Coccidiosis in cattle is caused by microscopic one-celled sporozoa belonging to the order Coccidia and the genus Eimeria. Coccidiosis is a common disease of young calves that weakens or kills them, but the disease also occurs in older animals. Eleven species have been reported in cattle of the U.S.A.(Davis and Bowman, 1956). Of this number only two species, Eimeria bovis(Hammond et al., 1946) and Eimeria zurnii(Davis and Bowman, 1957) have been proven pathogenic for cattle, but except for Eimeria alabamensis(Davis et al., 1955) no experimental work has been done on other species.

Deviations In Serum Proteins Associated With Eimeria Bovis Infections In Calves And Some Related Immune Reactions, Paul R. Fitzgerald

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bovine coccidiosis is a serious threat to the economy of the cattle industry in the United States. In 1954 the United States Department of Agriculture reported that over $10,000,000 was lost annually as a result of mortality and morbidity in cattle due to this parasite (1). These losses alone amounted to more than one fourth of the total loss in cattle due to parasitism.

Observations Of Pituitary Hormone Injections And Ripening Of Fish, D. K. Kaushik

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A dependable source of quality fish spawn is a fundamental prerequisite for fish culture development. This is especially important inasmuch as most of the cultivable species do not breed in confined waters. Also, sport fisheries are gaining greater popularity, and subsequently the fish supply is being taxed. Still another need for fish spawn is in the ever increasing demand for bait minnows. Also, the construction of more and more dams has resulted in insurmountable obstacles for ascending and descending fish, which may ultimately result in complete destruction of some fisheries. Thus some measure of artificial propagation will have to be …

Blood Changes In Calves Experimentally Infected With Haemonchus Placei And Ostertagia Ostertagi, Darrell J. Graff

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Parasitic diseases of livestock have long been a subject of considerable interest. Great economic losses are inflicted each year on our growing livestock industry. If these parasitic diseases proceed undetected or untreated the hosts may suffer retardation in weight gain or succumb.

A Comparison Of Daughters Of Sires In Artificial Breeding At Different Levels Of Management, Richard C. Cook

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One of the largest problems facing the successful dairyman of today is selection of proper sires to mate to his high producing cows. Many breeders and dairymen have the impression that proven sires will give the same increase in production regardless of the dam's production or the level of environment present. Even though sires come from high producing herds, some as high as 600 pounds of butterfat, the average production of all cows in the state of Utah remains at a much lower figure. The average for all cows in Utah is about 250 pounds of butterfat and the average …

Treatment Of Experimental Bovine Coccidiosis With Nitrofurazone And Sulfamethazine, Donald L. Ferguson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Coccidiosis in cattle is caused by microscopic, one-celled parasites known as coccidia (genus Eimeria). It is a common disease that weakens or kills calves or older cattle, with greater loses generally occurring in young animals. Eleven species have been reported in cattle in this country (1). At least two species, Eimeria bovis and E. zurnii, are known to be pathogenic to cattle (9).

A Study Of The Parasites From Rainbow Trout Of A Commercial Fish Farm In Cache Valley, Utah, Kenneth L. Jones

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the biennial period July 1, 1956 to June 30, 1958 the 12 state fish hatcheries in Utah produced and stocked in the waters of the state 20,092,902 fish weighing a total of 1,528,787 pounds, at a cost varying between 69 and 75 cents per pound. The cost figure depends upon what expenditures are included (Don Andriano, 1960). A substantial mortality occurs at the fish hatcheries in the state of Utah. The determination of the cause of any given loss is complicated by a number of factors. This is especially true of losses which may be due secondarily to parasites …

Relationship Of Certain Environmental Factors To Benthic Fish Densities In Bear Lake, Idaho-Utah, Thomas J. Hassler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The project was initiated in June of 1958 and financed by the National Science Foundation and the Wildlife Management Department of Utah State University.

The broad aspects of the study were to determine if a relationship exists between certain physical and biological factors and benthic fish densities. The project vas divided into two parts: (l) to determine the time and extent of thermal stratification, zooplankton densities, conductivity changes within the lake and conductivity differences between the lake and its tributaries; (2) to determine it a relationship exist between benthic fish densities, temperatures, depths, conductivities and benthic zooplankton densities. The data …

Limnological Studies On Hyrum Reservoir, In Northern Utah, Royal A. Rich

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With an ever increasing fishing pressure on our natural and artificial lakes every measure possible must be taken to preserve the sport for its many thousands of participants.

Hyrum Reservoir is easily accessible to the fishermen of northern Utah. In recent years the lake has offered little in the way of fishing. It is hoped that the information accumulated in this study will help pave the way to a successful stocking program and that Hyrum Reservoir will be one of the productive fishing areas available to Utah anglers.

The objectives of this investigation were:

1. To determine the extent of area …

Observations On The Life History Of Channel Catfish, Ictalurus Punctatus (Rafinesque) In Utah Lake, Utah, Robert E. Lawler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), was first introduced into Utah Lake in the summer of 1911, and has since been stocked in the lake on numerous occasions. It has only been in the last few years that the channel catfish has become an important game fish in Utah. As the value of the channel catfish, as a game fish, increased, it has become increasingly important to the state to maintain this species for present and future generations. This study was initiated in 1958 and completed in 1960, and was financed by the Utah State Department of Fish and Game. …

Life History Notes On The Walleye, Stizostedion Vitreum Vitreum (Mitchill) In A Turbid Water, Utah Lake, Utah, Billy B. Arnold

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Early in 1952, walleye fry were stocked for the first time in Utah Lake. Subsequent plants were made in 1954, 1955 and 1956. Altogether, over two million fry have been stocked.

By January, 1958, it was felt sufficient time had elapsed for the species to establish patterns of growth, reproduction, food habits and consequent relationships to the new environment. Thus, on January 1, 1958, a Federal Aid to Fisheries project, number DJ F-4-R-5, job T, was initiated. This project was entitled "investigations of Yellow Pikeperch and Channel Catfish of Utah Lake, Utah County." Although the closing date was December 31, …

The Biology Of The Utah Chub, Gila Atraria (Girard), Of Scofield Reservoir, Utah, Harold F. Olson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Utah chub is one of the most important non-game fish in Utah. It has a wide range, and occurs in every drainage in Utah. The Utah chub is not important economically as food fish nor is it of much value commercially. The sportsmen think of this species as trash and do not consider catching or consuming them. However, the Utah chub may be caught on hook and line more readily than many game species. The Utah chub in Scofield Reservoir have been caught by trolling, bait fishing and fly casting and furnish considerable sport when caught with a light …

Artificial Pothole And Level Ditch Development As A Means Of Increasing Waterfowl Production, Charles H. Lacy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The glaciated prairie pothole country of the Midwest forms a vital segment of the most important waterfowl breeding habitat in North America. Here are hatched three-quarters of all the ducks raised in the United States. During a recent seven-year period the three-state area of Minnesota and the Dakotas produced an average of 4 to 5 million ducks annually (Janzon, 1947). This wetland region which once comprised 115,000 square miles in five states had shrunk to about 56,000 square miles by 1956 (Lynch, 1956). To maintain the present rate of waterfowl production in the face of continued destruction of habitat through …

Feeding Protein, Phosphorus And Energy Supplements To Beef Cows On Utah Desert Ranges, Robert Hyrum Olsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many of the beef cattle in the Great Basin area are maintained part or all of the year on rangelands. Most of those going on to desert ranges for only part of the year go on during the late fall, winter, and early spring. It is estimated that 50-60 percent of the 600,000 beef cattle grazing on range lands in Utah graze on the one-fourth million acres of desert or semi-desert sometime during the year.

Lethal Concentrations And Detoxification Time Of Toxaphene For Goldfish, Gambusia And Rainbow Trout, Gar W. Workman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the past few years the Utah Fish and Game Department, as well as the fish and game departments of other states, has been spending fisheries money for fish eradication on both lakes and streams. The Utah Fish and Game Department recently suggested to the University that research be initiated on the subject of toxaphene as a fish poison. Consequently, a better insight into conditions that exist for a given water type could be developed.

The Natural Reproduction Of The Cutthroat Trout, Salmo Clarki Richardson, In Strawberry Reservoir, Utah, William S. Platts

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Strawberry Reservoir, Utah is an 8,000 acre lake at the elevation of 7,550 feet; it has a maximum depth of 52 feet and an average depth of 18 feet. The supply of cutthroat trout eggs used to replenish and distribute this trout throughout the state are taken from two spawning traps located on reservoir tributaries. Because it has not proven economical to raise cutthroat to a larger size than newly hatched fry, it is at this stage they are planted. Because of competition, predation, and lack of space the planting back of fry to maintain the fishery and spawning run …

Evidence Against The Transmission Of Staphylococci By The Mosquito Culex Tarsalis, John R. Molenda

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Staphylococcal synovitis is a pathological condition of birds involving primarily the wing and leg joints. It is frequently referred to as arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, hock disease, staphylococcosis, and weak leg.

The disease has been reported throughout various parts of the world as having been found in a great variety of avian hosts including pheasants, chickens, pigeons, canaries, geese, ducks, grouse, and turkeys.

Miner (1945) presented results of a survey made on turkey diseases in Sanpete County, Utah, which indicated staphylococcal synovitis to be responsible for the greatest numbers of deaths. His report cites this infection as having been found in …