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2020

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Articles 13051 - 13080 of 13409

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Management Of The Brown-Headed Cowbird: Implications For Endangered Species And Agricultural Damage Mitigation, Brian D. Peer, Barbara E. Kus, Mary J. Whitfield, Linnea S. Hall, Stephen I. Rothstein Jan 2020

Management Of The Brown-Headed Cowbird: Implications For Endangered Species And Agricultural Damage Mitigation, Brian D. Peer, Barbara E. Kus, Mary J. Whitfield, Linnea S. Hall, Stephen I. Rothstein

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater; cowbird) is unique among North American blackbirds (Icteridae) because it is managed to mitigate the negative effects on endangered songbirds and economic losses in agricultural crops. Cowbird brood parasitism can further affect species that are considered threatened or endangered due to anthropogenic land uses. Historically, cowbirds have often been culled without addressing ultimate causes of songbird population declines. Similar to other North American blackbirds, cowbirds depredate agricultural crops, albeit at a lower rate reported for other blackbird species. Conflicting information exists on the extent of agricultural damage caused by cowbirds and the effectiveness …


Baboon And Vervet Monkey Crop-Foraging Behaviors On A Commercial South African Farm: Preliminary Implications For Damage Mitigation, Leah J. Findlay, Russell A. Hill Jan 2020

Baboon And Vervet Monkey Crop-Foraging Behaviors On A Commercial South African Farm: Preliminary Implications For Damage Mitigation, Leah J. Findlay, Russell A. Hill

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Conflict between crop farmers and wild nonhuman primates is a worldwide conservation issue of increasing concern. Most of the research on wild primate crop foraging has so far focused on the conflicts with subsistence agriculture. Crop damage caused by primate foraging in large-scale commercial agriculture is also a major facet of human–wildlife conflict. Despite its increasing severity, there are very few published accounts of on-farm wild primate crop-foraging behavior or effective techniques to deter primates from field crops on commercial farms. To address this knowledge gap and identify some mitigation strategies, we used direct observation from a hide to collect …


Field Guarding As A Crop Protection Method: Preliminary Implications For Improving Field Guarding, Leah J. Findlay, Russell A. Hill Jan 2020

Field Guarding As A Crop Protection Method: Preliminary Implications For Improving Field Guarding, Leah J. Findlay, Russell A. Hill

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Negative interactions between crop farmers and wild primates are an issue of significant concern. Despite many crop farmers using field guards as a method of crop protection against foraging primates, there are very few published accounts of how effective this technique is and how it might be improved. To bridge this knowledge gap, we used direct observations from a hide to collect the behaviors of field guards, chacma baboons (Papio ursinus; baboons), and vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus; vervets) foraging in a 1-ha butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) field for 4 months (May to August) in …


Berryman Institute Awards And Scholarships, Terry A. Messmer Jan 2020

Berryman Institute Awards And Scholarships, Terry A. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Applications are being accepted for professional awards and undergraduate student scholarships provided by the Berryman Institute.


Monograph Reduced Box Price: Managing Human–Deer Conflicts Jan 2020

Monograph Reduced Box Price: Managing Human–Deer Conflicts

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Order form for HWI monograph, Methods for Managing Human–Deer Conflicts in Urban, Suburban, and Exurban Areas. This monograph identifies challenges and benefits associated with many human–deer conflict mitigation actions as well as methods to monitor the response of deer populations to management actions. Deer exploit urban, suburban, and exurban areas where human populations provide anthropogenic attractants, either intentionally or inadvertently, which often leads to human–deer conflicts. Mitigating actions have varying degrees of efficacy and may not be effective or accepted in every situation. Wildlife and municipal managers must work together to seek methods to reduce attractants, mitigate conflicts, and perpetuate …


Insights Into Acinetobacter Baumannii: A Review Of Microbiological, Virulence, And Resistance Traits In A Threatening Nosocomial Pathogen, Carole Ayoub Moubareck, Dalal Hammoudi Halat Jan 2020

Insights Into Acinetobacter Baumannii: A Review Of Microbiological, Virulence, And Resistance Traits In A Threatening Nosocomial Pathogen, Carole Ayoub Moubareck, Dalal Hammoudi Halat

All Works

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Being a multidrug-resistant and an invasive pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections in the current healthcare system. It has been recognized as an agent of pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, urinary tract and wound infections, and is associated with high mortality. Pathogenesis in A. baumannii infections is an outcome of multiple virulence factors, including porins, capsules, and cell wall lipopolysaccharide, enzymes, biofilm production, motility, and iron-acquisition systems, among others. Such virulence factors help the organism to resist stressful environmental conditions and enable development of severe infections. Parallel …


Why Advertise In Hwi? Jan 2020

Why Advertise In Hwi?

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The benefits of advertising with Human–Wildlife Interactions and how to do so.


Exploration Of Lifestyle Choices, Reproductive Health Knowledge, And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) Awareness Among Female Emirati University Students, Sreepoorna Pramodh Jan 2020

Exploration Of Lifestyle Choices, Reproductive Health Knowledge, And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) Awareness Among Female Emirati University Students, Sreepoorna Pramodh

All Works

© 2020 Pramodh. Objective: Healthy lifestyle and adequate reproductive health knowledge are prerequisites for maintenance of physical and mental well-being of women across the world. With increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is important that sufficient awareness of these issues is generated, especially in conservative communities in Arab regions. The main objective of this study is to assess reproductive health (RH) knowledge and awareness of PCOS among female Emirati students and also to explore their lifestyle choices. Materials and Methods: A total of 493 Emirati students were recruited based on convenience sampling and completed …


Estimating The Heritability Of Plasticity Of Thermal Tolerance And Its Application In The Restoration Of Endangered Caribbean Coral, Matz O. Indergard Jan 2020

Estimating The Heritability Of Plasticity Of Thermal Tolerance And Its Application In The Restoration Of Endangered Caribbean Coral, Matz O. Indergard

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Over the last two centuries anthropogenic activity has elevated atmospheric CO2, creating a greenhouse effect that is predicted to elevate global temperatures 1-4o C within the century. Increases in surface temperature pose a threat to the world’s coral reefs and have been the cause of many mass bleaching events. To combat this new threat, corals must migrate, acclimate, or evolve to rising temperatures. Phenotypic plasticity, or the ability of an individual to express different phenotypes to survive in different environments, is crucial for sessile organisms since it can increase survivability in species incapable of moving to …


Identification And Characterization Of Zfp593 And 1700029j07rik - Two Novel Neurogenic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy-Induced Genes, Sarah Anne Lynch Jan 2020

Identification And Characterization Of Zfp593 And 1700029j07rik - Two Novel Neurogenic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy-Induced Genes, Sarah Anne Lynch

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that can arise due to aging, cancer, corticosteroid use, and denervation. To better characterize the molecular genetic events of neurogenic atrophy, a previous study analyzed gene expression patterns in gastrocnemius muscle following sciatic nerve transection and found for the first time that Zinc Finger Protein 593 (Zfp593) and 1700029J07RIK are expressed in skeletal muscle and are induced in response to denervation. Quantitative PCR confirmed that Zfp593 and 1700029J07RIK are expressed in both proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. To assess sub-cellular location, GFP-tagged Zfp593 and 1700029J07RIK were expressed in C2C12 cells. …


Evaluation Of The Use Of Alternative Biomarkers As Indicators Of Post-Release Mortality In Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus Limbatus), Casey L. Zender Jan 2020

Evaluation Of The Use Of Alternative Biomarkers As Indicators Of Post-Release Mortality In Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus Limbatus), Casey L. Zender

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The release of sharks caught in recreational fisheries or as by-catch in non-target commercial fisheries is generally regarded as a sustainable fishing approach. However, post-release mortality can occur in these fish due to physiological damage sustained during capture. It is important to determine the amount of mortality specifically attributed to capture so losses can be accounted for in population management practices. Previous studies have used electronic tagging and/or measurement of secondary stress indicators in plasma (e.g., pH, levels of lactate, glucose, pCO2) to estimate rates of post-release mortality. These methods may not always be the best approaches, as …


Biomarkers Of Inflammation In Heart Failure Patients With Reduced And Preserved Ejection Fractions: Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Michelle Lynne Stone Jan 2020

Biomarkers Of Inflammation In Heart Failure Patients With Reduced And Preserved Ejection Fractions: Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Michelle Lynne Stone

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Purpose Examine the relationships between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 (sTNF-R1) and the cumulative risk of heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fractions in a diverse, population-based sample. Methods Study sample included 6,814 adult (45-84 years of age) men and women who participated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) associated with elevated baseline hs-CRP (> 3-10 mg/L), IL-6 (> 75th percentile) and sTNF-R1 (> 75th percentile) and risk of overall …


American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis) Ecology Within Human-Dominated Landscapes, Eli R. Beal Jan 2020

American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis) Ecology Within Human-Dominated Landscapes, Eli R. Beal

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Urbanization is an ever-increasing threat to wildlife and their habitats, yet research has been limited to a small number of taxa. The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is an apex predator that has surprisingly received minimal attention within urban areas. To investigate the potential effects of urban land use on spatial ecology, we conducted surveys of relative alligator abundance in nine tributaries surrounding the St. Johns River. We used these data to explore the potential effects of urban development on alligator spatial distribution and habitat selection. At the coarse scale, we found no correlation between percent developed land and …


Effects Of Abiotic Factors On Host Plant Quality And Community Structure Of The Parasitoid Guild That Attacks Asphondylia Borrichiae Midges On Borrichia Frutescens, Kevin Orta Jan 2020

Effects Of Abiotic Factors On Host Plant Quality And Community Structure Of The Parasitoid Guild That Attacks Asphondylia Borrichiae Midges On Borrichia Frutescens, Kevin Orta

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Asphondylia borrichiae is a gall-inducing insect that attacks its ancestral host plant Borrichia frutescens: through ovipositional mistakes it has acquired two additional hosts, Iva frutescens and Iva imbricata. Oviposition results in the formation of a gall, a tumor-like growth of plant tissue within which immature A. borrichiae develop. During development, immature A. borrichiae, are attacked by a suite of four generalist hymenopteran parasitoids. Of these, Galeopsomyia haemon and Torymus umbilicatus are facultative hyperparasitoids, more common and exhibit non-random attack patterns. In the present study, soil quality was manipulated through bi-weekly application of either ammonium nitrate fertilizer or sodium …


Sindbis Virus Infects Specific Gut Cells For Replication And Dissemination From The Posterior Midgut Of Mosquitoes, Yani P. Ahearn Jan 2020

Sindbis Virus Infects Specific Gut Cells For Replication And Dissemination From The Posterior Midgut Of Mosquitoes, Yani P. Ahearn

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Sindbis virus (SINV), a member of the genus Alphavirus, is the protype virus used to gain insight into other disease-causing Alphaviruses. As a mosquito-borne-virus (arbovirus), SINV transit in adult female mosquitoes includes attachment to the gut lumen and entry into the midgut cells, followed by replication and dissemination into the hemolymph through yet unknown specific mechanisms. Free-mated adult females, aged day 5-7, were fed a viremic bovine blood suspension via blood sausage at a final SINV titer at 107 PFU/ml. Midguts from fully engorged mosquitoes were dissected on day 5 and 7 post-bloodmeal and further examined by immunolabeling using …


Basigin As An Immune Mediator In The Cns, Alicia Gonzalez Jan 2020

Basigin As An Immune Mediator In The Cns, Alicia Gonzalez

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders. Although the central nervous system (CNS) can stave peripheral pathogens from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through a network of continuous endothelia, astrocytes, and pericytes, prolonged exposure to a pathogen can comprise this barrier. Basigin, a cell adhesion molecule, is found on the surface of endothelial cells and has been demonstrated to interact with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The activation of TLR4 produces pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6. The present study aims to address the expression pattern of Basigin gene …


Implementing Welfare Science: Case Studies In Evidence-Based Zoo Management, Marisa Suzanne Spain Jan 2020

Implementing Welfare Science: Case Studies In Evidence-Based Zoo Management, Marisa Suzanne Spain

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Animal welfare science is a field that focuses on how we can improve the lives and well-being of animals in human care. Modern welfare science has moved away from simply preventing suffering and on to promoting positive welfare states, a concept that has been coined animal “wellness”. A process called evidence-based zoo management has been implemented in many zoos as a way to promote and ensure wellness. This is the idea that husbandry and housing standards should be evaluated and tested for their efficacy using data rather than relying on traditional best practices. In this manuscript we discuss an informal …


Analysis Of Changes In Genes That Lead To Antibiotic Resistance In Klebsiella Pneumoniae 43816, Jasmine R. Anderson Jan 2020

Analysis Of Changes In Genes That Lead To Antibiotic Resistance In Klebsiella Pneumoniae 43816, Jasmine R. Anderson

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections such as blood stream infections, meningitis, and septicemia. Clinical isolates confirm K. pneumoniae is increasingly antibiotic resistant (AR) making treatment more difficult. While bacterial exposure to antimicrobial substances is a known cause of the AR phenotype, there still exists gaps in knowledge about the genetic changes responsible for this fitness change. The laboratory Klebsiella pneumoniae 43816 (ATCC 43816) was exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cephalothin for a 14-day period. At the end of the experimental treatment, the adapted population acquired clinical antibiotic resistance along with phenotypic and morphological changes. The …


Fggy Carbohydrate Kinase Domain Containing Is Induced During Skeletal Muscle Atrophy And Modulates Map Kinase And Akt Signaling, Anastasia L. Smith Jan 2020

Fggy Carbohydrate Kinase Domain Containing Is Induced During Skeletal Muscle Atrophy And Modulates Map Kinase And Akt Signaling, Anastasia L. Smith

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle atrophy can result from a range of physiological conditions, including denervation, immobilization, hindlimb unweighting, and aging. To better characterize the molecular genetic events of atrophy, a microarray was performed using skeletal muscle isolated from mice after 3 and 14 days of denervation and compared to control muscle to identify novel atrophy-induced genes. The microarray revealed that FGGY carbohydrate kinase domain containing (Fggy) is expressed in skeletal muscle and is induced in response to denervation. Bioinformatic analysis of the Fggy gene locus revealed two validated alternative isoforms, that we have termed Fggy-L-552 and Fggy-S-387, which have distinct transcription initiation …


A Proposed Mechanism To Induce Multi-Layer Polydiacetylene-Coated Filter Color Response To Bacteria , Timothy Hanks Jan 2020

A Proposed Mechanism To Induce Multi-Layer Polydiacetylene-Coated Filter Color Response To Bacteria , Timothy Hanks

Chemistry Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-layer diacetylene (PDA)-coated filter and to verify the proposed color response mechanism of PDA-coated filters to bacteria. Unlike other reports which immobilize PDA lipo- somes on solid support or create monolayer Langmuir films, multi-layer PDA-coated filters were generated by directly evaporating organic solvents. Different from incorporating functional headgroups or inserting phospho- lipids into PDA, we reported that bacterial growth can trigger the color change of PDA sensors without any mod- ification or phospholipid insertion. The mechanism that pH change from bacteria metabolites lead to color change of PDA filter was proposed …


Lipemia Levels Analysis From Human Blood Samples, Zainab Ibrahim Alshoug Jan 2020

Lipemia Levels Analysis From Human Blood Samples, Zainab Ibrahim Alshoug

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Worldwide, an estimated 31% of people who die each year have a cardiovascular disease (CVD), an all-encompassing group of diseases and conditions of the heart or blood vasculature. Access to portable, user-friendly tools to test lipid levels accurately and efficiently, without requiring large volume blood draws, will help improve access to wellness management by reducing costs and facilitating early screening and monitoring of CVD thus improving outcomes. Point of care micro or millifluidic chips to test biofluids that are integrated into detection units are an attractive measurement tool because of their potential for ease of use by patients at home …


Monitoring Mammal Community Shifts Across Silvicultural Treatments Utilizing Camera Traps And The Development Of Invertebrate- Derived Dna In Hardwood Forests Of North America, Shallen Gurtler Jan 2020

Monitoring Mammal Community Shifts Across Silvicultural Treatments Utilizing Camera Traps And The Development Of Invertebrate- Derived Dna In Hardwood Forests Of North America, Shallen Gurtler

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Mammal distribution and diversity is quickly changing as humans modify the landscape. In particular, silviculture, which is the practice of controlling the growth, structure, and quality of forests to meet the needs of society and the landowner, influences the habitat usage of mammals. Utilizing camera traps, I monitored shifts in mammal communities across different silviculture treatments in the northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes region in North America. I assessed the community composition across six canopy treatments and three understory treatments with a total of 2,018 active camera trap nights with 3,321 detections over the course of 147 days. …


An Investigation Of Problem-Based Learning On The Advanced Placement Exam Scores And Interest Of Ap Biology Students, Tia Hohler Jan 2020

An Investigation Of Problem-Based Learning On The Advanced Placement Exam Scores And Interest Of Ap Biology Students, Tia Hohler

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This study reports the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) on the interest and Advanced Placement (AP) Biology exam scores of high school students. The experimental group was exposed to a constructivist PBL environment using an overarching unit problem, inquiry style lab investigations and white board discussions while the comparison group received direct instruction in the same curriculum. AP Biology exam scores were collected for two years with direct instruction and two years with PBL instruction. An interest survey was given to a subset of the experimental group and included students enrolled in the course during the 2019-2020 school year. Analysis …


Peat Volume Loss In The Ditches Of Northern Minnesota, Liam Krause Jan 2020

Peat Volume Loss In The Ditches Of Northern Minnesota, Liam Krause

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Peatlands play an important role in carbon (C) storage and are estimated to contain 30% of global soil C, despite occupying only 3% of global land area. Historic management of peatlands has led to widespread degradation and loss of important ecosystem services including C- and fresh water storage. Legacy drainage features in the peatlands of northern Minnesota were studied to assess the volume of peat that has been lost in the ~100 years since drainage. Using high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, we measured elevation changes along the margins of legacy ditches to model preditch surface areas, which were …


Exploring Substrate Specificity Of Fructose Transporters En Route To Glut Specific Probes For Biochemical And Biomedical Applications, Vagarshak Vigenovich Begoyan Jan 2020

Exploring Substrate Specificity Of Fructose Transporters En Route To Glut Specific Probes For Biochemical And Biomedical Applications, Vagarshak Vigenovich Begoyan

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Carbohydrate Transporters (GLUTs) are responsible for the transportation of sugars into the cell and have been of great interest in research for decades. Alterations or mutations that result in overexpression of GLUTs have been linked to a great number of diseases including, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Differentiation between transporters has been shown to be incredibly difficult due to the highly conserved nature of the transporter structure, and thus specific targeting of transporters has proven a difficult challenge. Additionally, the GLUTs have been shown to high flexibility in their conformations, so it is difficult to determine what can or cannot pass …


Molecular And Functional Analyses Of Serine Protease Genes In Halophilic Cyanobacterium Halothece Sp. Pcc 7418, Tanutcha Patipong Jan 2020

Molecular And Functional Analyses Of Serine Protease Genes In Halophilic Cyanobacterium Halothece Sp. Pcc 7418, Tanutcha Patipong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Serine proteases are a class of important proteolytic enzymes that contain a common serine residue, which functions as a nucleophile in the catalytic triad at the active site. They are ubiquitous and abundant proteins found in all living organisms with a wide array of molecular, cellular and physiological functions. In cyanobacteria, the information on serine protease functions is very limited, especially in halotolerant species. This study focuses on comparative analyses of serine proteases in a halotolerant cyanobacterium Halothece sp. PCC 7418 (Halothece 7418) and the model freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, regulation under salt-stress condition and functional characterization of …


ฟิล์มคอมพอสิตบริโภคได้จากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองและเจลาตินปลาดัดแปรด้วยสารสกัดมะขามป้อมและการประยุกต์ในอาหาร, วรรณฉัตร สุขสวัสดิ์ Jan 2020

ฟิล์มคอมพอสิตบริโภคได้จากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองและเจลาตินปลาดัดแปรด้วยสารสกัดมะขามป้อมและการประยุกต์ในอาหาร, วรรณฉัตร สุขสวัสดิ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดและเจลาตินปลา รวมทั้งผลของความเข้มข้นของสารสกัดมะขามป้อมต่อสมบัติของฟิล์มโปรตีนบริโภคได้ และเพื่อศึกษาผลของการประยุกต์ฟิล์มที่พัฒนาได้ต่อเสถียรภาพเชิงออกซิเดชันของตัวอย่างอาหาร ในขั้นตอนแรกเป็นการศึกษาผลของอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดและเจลาตินปลาต่อสมบัติของฟิล์ม แปรอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดและเจลาตินปลาเป็น 5 อัตราส่วน ได้แก่ 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 และ 0:100 พบว่าฟิล์มเจลาตินปลา (0:100) มีความต้านทานแรงดึงขาดสูงกว่าฟิล์มโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัด (100:0) (p≤0.05) สำหรับฟิล์มคอมพอสิตพบว่าฟิล์มที่มีอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดต่อเจลาตินปลาเท่ากับ 25:75 มีความต้านทานแรงดึงขาดสูงที่สุดและไม่แตกต่างจากฟิล์มเจลาตินปลาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p>0.05) สำหรับการยืดตัวถึงจุดขาด พบว่าฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่มีอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดต่อเจลาตินปลาเท่ากับ 25:75 มีการยืดตัวถึงจุดขาดสูงที่สุดและสูงกว่าฟิล์มเจลาตินปลาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p≤0.05) นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่ามีความโปร่งใส สี ความไม่ชอบน้ำของผิว และความสามารถในการละลายน้ำใกล้เคียงกับฟิล์มเจลาตินปลา อย่างไรก็ตามฟิล์มดังกล่าวมีสภาพให้ซึมผ่านได้ของไอน้ำต่ำกว่าฟิล์มเจลาตินปลา เนื่องจากสมบัติเชิงกลที่ดีจึงคัดเลือกฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่มีอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดต่อเจลาตินปลาเท่ากับ 25:75 ไปศึกษาในขั้นตอนต่อไป ในขั้นตอนที่สองเป็นการศึกษาผลของสารสกัดมะขามป้อมต่อสมบัติของฟิล์มคอมพอสิตจากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองและเจลาตินปลาที่อัตราส่วน 25:75 แปรความเข้มข้นของสารสกัดมะขามป้อมเป็น 5 ระดับได้แก่ 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 และ 10.0% โดยน้ำหนักของโปรตีน พบว่าฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่เติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมเข้มข้น 5.0% มีความต้านทานแรงดึงขาดสูงที่สุด โดยคิดเป็น 1.3 เท่าของตัวอย่างควบคุมที่ไม่เติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อม ความแข็งแรงเชิงกลที่เพิ่มขึ้นนี้เป็นผลมาจากการเชื่อมข้ามโปรตีนโดยพันธะโควาเลนต์ชนิด C-N และ C-S ซึ่งพิสูจน์ได้โดยใช้เทคนิคฟูเรียร์แทรนสฟอร์มอินฟราเรดสเปกโทรสโกปีและรามานไมโครสโกปี ส่วนการยืดตัวถึงจุดขาดพบว่าการเติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมทำให้การยืดตัวถึงจุดขาดของฟิล์มคอมพอสิตลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p≤0.05) นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าการเติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมทำให้ฟิล์มที่ได้มีความโปร่งใสลดลง มีสีเหลืองส้ม และมีความเข้มสีสูงขึ้น รวมทั้งมีสภาพให้ซึมผ่านได้ของไอน้ำและความไม่ชอบน้ำของผิวสูงกว่าฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่ไม่เติมสารสกัด การเติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมทำให้ปริมาณฟีนอลิกทั้งหมดและฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชัน DPPH radical scavenging activity และ ferric reducing antioxidant power ของฟิล์มมีค่าสูงขึ้น จากความต้านทานแรงดึงขาดและฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันที่สูงที่สุด จึงคัดเลือกฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่เติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมเข้มข้น 5.0% ไปศึกษาในขั้นตอนต่อไป ในขั้นตอนที่สามเป็นการศึกษาการประยุกต์ฟิล์มคอมพอสิตจากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดและเจลาตินปลาที่เติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมกับผลิตภัณฑ์หมูแผ่นหวาน โดยแปรการห่อหุ้มหมูแผ่นหวานเป็น 3 แบบ ได้แก่ หมูแผ่นหวานที่ไม่ห่อหุ้มด้วยฟิล์ม (ตัวอย่างควบคุม) หมูแผ่นหวานที่ห่อหุ้มด้วยฟิล์มไนลอน (ตัวอย่างอ้างอิง) และหมูแผ่นหวานที่ห่อหุ้มด้วยฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่มีอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดต่อเจลาตินปลาเท่ากับ 25:75 และเติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมเข้มข้น 5.0% (ตัวอย่างทดลอง) โดยเก็บรักษาผลิตภัณฑ์ไว้ที่อุณหภูมิห้อง (25 องศาเซลเซียส) เป็นระยะเวลา 49 …


การคัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัสและการผลิตน้ำมันจากทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าเพื่อการผลิตไบโอดีเซล, ตฤณเศรษฐ์ วีระพันธุ์ Jan 2020

การคัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัสและการผลิตน้ำมันจากทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าเพื่อการผลิตไบโอดีเซล, ตฤณเศรษฐ์ วีระพันธุ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

คัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัส Naganishia cerealis สายพันธุ์ IN1S2.5 ซึ่งมีน้ำมันสะสมในเซลล์ 24.79% (กรัม/กรัมเซลล์แห้ง) เมื่อเพาะเลี้ยงในอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อสังเคราะห์ที่มีอัตราส่วนคาร์บอนต่อไนโตรเจนสูง ได้จากยีสต์ 39 ไอโซเลตซึ่งคัดแยกจากตัวอย่างที่เก็บจากอุทยานแห่งชาติดอยอินทนนท์ จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ผลการประเมินศักยภาพของทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าในการเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตน้ำมันยีสต์ N. cerealis IN1S2.5 และการนำน้ำมันยีสต์ที่ผลิตได้ไปใช้ประโยชน์ พบว่าทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าให้น้ำตาลกลูโคสสูงสุด 16.67 กรัม/ลิตร เมื่อถูกปรับสภาพโดยการแช่ในโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์เข้มข้น 2 โมลาร์ (16 ชั่วโมง) จากนั้นระเบิดด้วยไอน้ำขณะแขวนลอยในโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์เข้มข้น 2.4% (น้ำหนัก/ปริมาตร) ที่ 200°ซ ความดัน 200 psi เป็นเวลา 5 นาที แล้วย่อยด้วยเซลลูเลส (6 ชั่วโมง) N. cerealis IN1S2.5 ที่เพาะเลี้ยงในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่า ซึ่งเติมกลูโคส 75 กรัม/ลิตร โพแทสเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟต 4 กรัม/ลิตร แคลเซียมคลอไรด์ไดไฮเดรต 0.05 กรัม/ลิตร และซิงค์ซัลเฟตเฮพตะไฮเดรต 0.02 กรัม/ลิตร พีเอช 4.0 ให้ผลผลิตน้ำมันสูงสุด 2.46 กรัม/ลิตร จากการทำนายคุณสมบัติของไบโอดีเซลที่ผลิตได้ แสดงให้เห็นว่าน้ำมันยีสต์ N. cerealis IN1S2.5 มีศักยภาพที่จะเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตไบโอดีเซล นอกจากนี้ได้ประเมินศักยภาพของไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าในการเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตกรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกโดยใช้ยีสต์โอลีจินัส Cyberlindnera subsufficiens สายพันธุ์ NG8.2 การเพาะเลี้ยง Cy. subsufficiens NG8.2 ในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าที่ผสมกับไฮโดรไลเสตแป้งมันสำปะหลัง เพื่อทำให้ความเข้มข้นของน้ำตาลในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าสูงขึ้น ทำให้ได้น้ำมันที่มีกรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกสูงกว่า การเพาะเลี้ยงในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าซึ่งทำให้ความเข้มข้นของน้ำตาลสูงขึ้นโดยการนำเอาสารละลายกลูโคสมาผสม การเติมโพแทสเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟต 1 กรัม/ลิตร แมกนีเซียมซัลเฟตเฮพตะไฮเดรต 0.5 กรัม/ลิตร และแคลเซียมคลอไรด์ไดไฮเดรต 0.1 กรัม/ลิตร ลงในสารละลายผสมระหว่างไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่ากับไฮโดรไลเสตแป้งมันสำปะหลัง ที่พีเอช 5.0 ทำให้ผลผลิตน้ำมันเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 1.96 กรัม/ลิตร การลดอุณหภูมิการบ่มจาก 30°ซ เป็น 25°ซ ทำให้กรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกในน้ำมันเพิ่มขึ้นจาก …


Tools To Evaluate Nanodiamond-Mediated Delivery Of Tiopronin For Cataract Prevention, Justin Beltz Jan 2020

Tools To Evaluate Nanodiamond-Mediated Delivery Of Tiopronin For Cataract Prevention, Justin Beltz

Doctoral Dissertations

”There is a growing demand for non-surgical means of cataract treatment. This dissertation presents three bodies of work that reflect the early-stage development of eye drop formulations aimed at delaying cataract progression. These formulations consist of the antioxidant 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) loaded onto nanodiamond particles.

Cataractogenesis is linked to oxidative damage to lens proteins. To investigate the potential of MPG for protection against oxidative damage, A549 cells were incubated in 0.6 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP). Cells exposed to tBHP without MPG exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, which led to the depletion of the vital antioxidant glutathione and, ultimately, apoptosis. Co-administration …


The Interactive Effects Of Microtopography And Hydrology On Ground Layer Vegetation And Soil Gas Flux Responses To A Simulated Emerald Ash Borer Infestation In Black Ash Wetlands, Elisabeth Stimmel Jan 2020

The Interactive Effects Of Microtopography And Hydrology On Ground Layer Vegetation And Soil Gas Flux Responses To A Simulated Emerald Ash Borer Infestation In Black Ash Wetlands, Elisabeth Stimmel

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marshall) wetlands are at risk of significant ecological and functional changes due to the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)), which kills trees in the Fraxinus (ash) genus. Simulated EAB infestations consisting of girdle treatments and ash cut treatments have been implemented in black ash wetlands to study the impacts of black ash canopy dieoff in these systems. Initial findings include ground layer vegetation shifts and impacts to carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) release from soils, but these factors and their interactions with microtopography in …