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2020

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Articles 13021 - 13050 of 13409

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Effects Of Abiotic Factors On Host Plant Quality And Community Structure Of The Parasitoid Guild That Attacks Asphondylia Borrichiae Midges On Borrichia Frutescens, Kevin Orta Jan 2020

Effects Of Abiotic Factors On Host Plant Quality And Community Structure Of The Parasitoid Guild That Attacks Asphondylia Borrichiae Midges On Borrichia Frutescens, Kevin Orta

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Asphondylia borrichiae is a gall-inducing insect that attacks its ancestral host plant Borrichia frutescens: through ovipositional mistakes it has acquired two additional hosts, Iva frutescens and Iva imbricata. Oviposition results in the formation of a gall, a tumor-like growth of plant tissue within which immature A. borrichiae develop. During development, immature A. borrichiae, are attacked by a suite of four generalist hymenopteran parasitoids. Of these, Galeopsomyia haemon and Torymus umbilicatus are facultative hyperparasitoids, more common and exhibit non-random attack patterns. In the present study, soil quality was manipulated through bi-weekly application of either ammonium nitrate fertilizer or sodium …


Sindbis Virus Infects Specific Gut Cells For Replication And Dissemination From The Posterior Midgut Of Mosquitoes, Yani P. Ahearn Jan 2020

Sindbis Virus Infects Specific Gut Cells For Replication And Dissemination From The Posterior Midgut Of Mosquitoes, Yani P. Ahearn

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Sindbis virus (SINV), a member of the genus Alphavirus, is the protype virus used to gain insight into other disease-causing Alphaviruses. As a mosquito-borne-virus (arbovirus), SINV transit in adult female mosquitoes includes attachment to the gut lumen and entry into the midgut cells, followed by replication and dissemination into the hemolymph through yet unknown specific mechanisms. Free-mated adult females, aged day 5-7, were fed a viremic bovine blood suspension via blood sausage at a final SINV titer at 107 PFU/ml. Midguts from fully engorged mosquitoes were dissected on day 5 and 7 post-bloodmeal and further examined by immunolabeling using …


Basigin As An Immune Mediator In The Cns, Alicia Gonzalez Jan 2020

Basigin As An Immune Mediator In The Cns, Alicia Gonzalez

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders. Although the central nervous system (CNS) can stave peripheral pathogens from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through a network of continuous endothelia, astrocytes, and pericytes, prolonged exposure to a pathogen can comprise this barrier. Basigin, a cell adhesion molecule, is found on the surface of endothelial cells and has been demonstrated to interact with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The activation of TLR4 produces pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6. The present study aims to address the expression pattern of Basigin gene …


Implementing Welfare Science: Case Studies In Evidence-Based Zoo Management, Marisa Suzanne Spain Jan 2020

Implementing Welfare Science: Case Studies In Evidence-Based Zoo Management, Marisa Suzanne Spain

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Animal welfare science is a field that focuses on how we can improve the lives and well-being of animals in human care. Modern welfare science has moved away from simply preventing suffering and on to promoting positive welfare states, a concept that has been coined animal “wellness”. A process called evidence-based zoo management has been implemented in many zoos as a way to promote and ensure wellness. This is the idea that husbandry and housing standards should be evaluated and tested for their efficacy using data rather than relying on traditional best practices. In this manuscript we discuss an informal …


Analysis Of Changes In Genes That Lead To Antibiotic Resistance In Klebsiella Pneumoniae 43816, Jasmine R. Anderson Jan 2020

Analysis Of Changes In Genes That Lead To Antibiotic Resistance In Klebsiella Pneumoniae 43816, Jasmine R. Anderson

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections such as blood stream infections, meningitis, and septicemia. Clinical isolates confirm K. pneumoniae is increasingly antibiotic resistant (AR) making treatment more difficult. While bacterial exposure to antimicrobial substances is a known cause of the AR phenotype, there still exists gaps in knowledge about the genetic changes responsible for this fitness change. The laboratory Klebsiella pneumoniae 43816 (ATCC 43816) was exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cephalothin for a 14-day period. At the end of the experimental treatment, the adapted population acquired clinical antibiotic resistance along with phenotypic and morphological changes. The …


Fggy Carbohydrate Kinase Domain Containing Is Induced During Skeletal Muscle Atrophy And Modulates Map Kinase And Akt Signaling, Anastasia L. Smith Jan 2020

Fggy Carbohydrate Kinase Domain Containing Is Induced During Skeletal Muscle Atrophy And Modulates Map Kinase And Akt Signaling, Anastasia L. Smith

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle atrophy can result from a range of physiological conditions, including denervation, immobilization, hindlimb unweighting, and aging. To better characterize the molecular genetic events of atrophy, a microarray was performed using skeletal muscle isolated from mice after 3 and 14 days of denervation and compared to control muscle to identify novel atrophy-induced genes. The microarray revealed that FGGY carbohydrate kinase domain containing (Fggy) is expressed in skeletal muscle and is induced in response to denervation. Bioinformatic analysis of the Fggy gene locus revealed two validated alternative isoforms, that we have termed Fggy-L-552 and Fggy-S-387, which have distinct transcription initiation …


A Proposed Mechanism To Induce Multi-Layer Polydiacetylene-Coated Filter Color Response To Bacteria , Timothy Hanks Jan 2020

A Proposed Mechanism To Induce Multi-Layer Polydiacetylene-Coated Filter Color Response To Bacteria , Timothy Hanks

Chemistry Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-layer diacetylene (PDA)-coated filter and to verify the proposed color response mechanism of PDA-coated filters to bacteria. Unlike other reports which immobilize PDA lipo- somes on solid support or create monolayer Langmuir films, multi-layer PDA-coated filters were generated by directly evaporating organic solvents. Different from incorporating functional headgroups or inserting phospho- lipids into PDA, we reported that bacterial growth can trigger the color change of PDA sensors without any mod- ification or phospholipid insertion. The mechanism that pH change from bacteria metabolites lead to color change of PDA filter was proposed …


Lipemia Levels Analysis From Human Blood Samples, Zainab Ibrahim Alshoug Jan 2020

Lipemia Levels Analysis From Human Blood Samples, Zainab Ibrahim Alshoug

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Worldwide, an estimated 31% of people who die each year have a cardiovascular disease (CVD), an all-encompassing group of diseases and conditions of the heart or blood vasculature. Access to portable, user-friendly tools to test lipid levels accurately and efficiently, without requiring large volume blood draws, will help improve access to wellness management by reducing costs and facilitating early screening and monitoring of CVD thus improving outcomes. Point of care micro or millifluidic chips to test biofluids that are integrated into detection units are an attractive measurement tool because of their potential for ease of use by patients at home …


Monitoring Mammal Community Shifts Across Silvicultural Treatments Utilizing Camera Traps And The Development Of Invertebrate- Derived Dna In Hardwood Forests Of North America, Shallen Gurtler Jan 2020

Monitoring Mammal Community Shifts Across Silvicultural Treatments Utilizing Camera Traps And The Development Of Invertebrate- Derived Dna In Hardwood Forests Of North America, Shallen Gurtler

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Mammal distribution and diversity is quickly changing as humans modify the landscape. In particular, silviculture, which is the practice of controlling the growth, structure, and quality of forests to meet the needs of society and the landowner, influences the habitat usage of mammals. Utilizing camera traps, I monitored shifts in mammal communities across different silviculture treatments in the northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes region in North America. I assessed the community composition across six canopy treatments and three understory treatments with a total of 2,018 active camera trap nights with 3,321 detections over the course of 147 days. …


An Investigation Of Problem-Based Learning On The Advanced Placement Exam Scores And Interest Of Ap Biology Students, Tia Hohler Jan 2020

An Investigation Of Problem-Based Learning On The Advanced Placement Exam Scores And Interest Of Ap Biology Students, Tia Hohler

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This study reports the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) on the interest and Advanced Placement (AP) Biology exam scores of high school students. The experimental group was exposed to a constructivist PBL environment using an overarching unit problem, inquiry style lab investigations and white board discussions while the comparison group received direct instruction in the same curriculum. AP Biology exam scores were collected for two years with direct instruction and two years with PBL instruction. An interest survey was given to a subset of the experimental group and included students enrolled in the course during the 2019-2020 school year. Analysis …


Peat Volume Loss In The Ditches Of Northern Minnesota, Liam Krause Jan 2020

Peat Volume Loss In The Ditches Of Northern Minnesota, Liam Krause

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Peatlands play an important role in carbon (C) storage and are estimated to contain 30% of global soil C, despite occupying only 3% of global land area. Historic management of peatlands has led to widespread degradation and loss of important ecosystem services including C- and fresh water storage. Legacy drainage features in the peatlands of northern Minnesota were studied to assess the volume of peat that has been lost in the ~100 years since drainage. Using high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, we measured elevation changes along the margins of legacy ditches to model preditch surface areas, which were …


Exploring Substrate Specificity Of Fructose Transporters En Route To Glut Specific Probes For Biochemical And Biomedical Applications, Vagarshak Vigenovich Begoyan Jan 2020

Exploring Substrate Specificity Of Fructose Transporters En Route To Glut Specific Probes For Biochemical And Biomedical Applications, Vagarshak Vigenovich Begoyan

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Carbohydrate Transporters (GLUTs) are responsible for the transportation of sugars into the cell and have been of great interest in research for decades. Alterations or mutations that result in overexpression of GLUTs have been linked to a great number of diseases including, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Differentiation between transporters has been shown to be incredibly difficult due to the highly conserved nature of the transporter structure, and thus specific targeting of transporters has proven a difficult challenge. Additionally, the GLUTs have been shown to high flexibility in their conformations, so it is difficult to determine what can or cannot pass …


Molecular And Functional Analyses Of Serine Protease Genes In Halophilic Cyanobacterium Halothece Sp. Pcc 7418, Tanutcha Patipong Jan 2020

Molecular And Functional Analyses Of Serine Protease Genes In Halophilic Cyanobacterium Halothece Sp. Pcc 7418, Tanutcha Patipong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Serine proteases are a class of important proteolytic enzymes that contain a common serine residue, which functions as a nucleophile in the catalytic triad at the active site. They are ubiquitous and abundant proteins found in all living organisms with a wide array of molecular, cellular and physiological functions. In cyanobacteria, the information on serine protease functions is very limited, especially in halotolerant species. This study focuses on comparative analyses of serine proteases in a halotolerant cyanobacterium Halothece sp. PCC 7418 (Halothece 7418) and the model freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, regulation under salt-stress condition and functional characterization of …


ฟิล์มคอมพอสิตบริโภคได้จากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองและเจลาตินปลาดัดแปรด้วยสารสกัดมะขามป้อมและการประยุกต์ในอาหาร, วรรณฉัตร สุขสวัสดิ์ Jan 2020

ฟิล์มคอมพอสิตบริโภคได้จากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองและเจลาตินปลาดัดแปรด้วยสารสกัดมะขามป้อมและการประยุกต์ในอาหาร, วรรณฉัตร สุขสวัสดิ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดและเจลาตินปลา รวมทั้งผลของความเข้มข้นของสารสกัดมะขามป้อมต่อสมบัติของฟิล์มโปรตีนบริโภคได้ และเพื่อศึกษาผลของการประยุกต์ฟิล์มที่พัฒนาได้ต่อเสถียรภาพเชิงออกซิเดชันของตัวอย่างอาหาร ในขั้นตอนแรกเป็นการศึกษาผลของอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดและเจลาตินปลาต่อสมบัติของฟิล์ม แปรอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดและเจลาตินปลาเป็น 5 อัตราส่วน ได้แก่ 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 และ 0:100 พบว่าฟิล์มเจลาตินปลา (0:100) มีความต้านทานแรงดึงขาดสูงกว่าฟิล์มโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัด (100:0) (p≤0.05) สำหรับฟิล์มคอมพอสิตพบว่าฟิล์มที่มีอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดต่อเจลาตินปลาเท่ากับ 25:75 มีความต้านทานแรงดึงขาดสูงที่สุดและไม่แตกต่างจากฟิล์มเจลาตินปลาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p>0.05) สำหรับการยืดตัวถึงจุดขาด พบว่าฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่มีอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดต่อเจลาตินปลาเท่ากับ 25:75 มีการยืดตัวถึงจุดขาดสูงที่สุดและสูงกว่าฟิล์มเจลาตินปลาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p≤0.05) นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่ามีความโปร่งใส สี ความไม่ชอบน้ำของผิว และความสามารถในการละลายน้ำใกล้เคียงกับฟิล์มเจลาตินปลา อย่างไรก็ตามฟิล์มดังกล่าวมีสภาพให้ซึมผ่านได้ของไอน้ำต่ำกว่าฟิล์มเจลาตินปลา เนื่องจากสมบัติเชิงกลที่ดีจึงคัดเลือกฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่มีอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดต่อเจลาตินปลาเท่ากับ 25:75 ไปศึกษาในขั้นตอนต่อไป ในขั้นตอนที่สองเป็นการศึกษาผลของสารสกัดมะขามป้อมต่อสมบัติของฟิล์มคอมพอสิตจากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองและเจลาตินปลาที่อัตราส่วน 25:75 แปรความเข้มข้นของสารสกัดมะขามป้อมเป็น 5 ระดับได้แก่ 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 และ 10.0% โดยน้ำหนักของโปรตีน พบว่าฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่เติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมเข้มข้น 5.0% มีความต้านทานแรงดึงขาดสูงที่สุด โดยคิดเป็น 1.3 เท่าของตัวอย่างควบคุมที่ไม่เติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อม ความแข็งแรงเชิงกลที่เพิ่มขึ้นนี้เป็นผลมาจากการเชื่อมข้ามโปรตีนโดยพันธะโควาเลนต์ชนิด C-N และ C-S ซึ่งพิสูจน์ได้โดยใช้เทคนิคฟูเรียร์แทรนสฟอร์มอินฟราเรดสเปกโทรสโกปีและรามานไมโครสโกปี ส่วนการยืดตัวถึงจุดขาดพบว่าการเติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมทำให้การยืดตัวถึงจุดขาดของฟิล์มคอมพอสิตลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p≤0.05) นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าการเติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมทำให้ฟิล์มที่ได้มีความโปร่งใสลดลง มีสีเหลืองส้ม และมีความเข้มสีสูงขึ้น รวมทั้งมีสภาพให้ซึมผ่านได้ของไอน้ำและความไม่ชอบน้ำของผิวสูงกว่าฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่ไม่เติมสารสกัด การเติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมทำให้ปริมาณฟีนอลิกทั้งหมดและฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชัน DPPH radical scavenging activity และ ferric reducing antioxidant power ของฟิล์มมีค่าสูงขึ้น จากความต้านทานแรงดึงขาดและฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันที่สูงที่สุด จึงคัดเลือกฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่เติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมเข้มข้น 5.0% ไปศึกษาในขั้นตอนต่อไป ในขั้นตอนที่สามเป็นการศึกษาการประยุกต์ฟิล์มคอมพอสิตจากโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดและเจลาตินปลาที่เติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมกับผลิตภัณฑ์หมูแผ่นหวาน โดยแปรการห่อหุ้มหมูแผ่นหวานเป็น 3 แบบ ได้แก่ หมูแผ่นหวานที่ไม่ห่อหุ้มด้วยฟิล์ม (ตัวอย่างควบคุม) หมูแผ่นหวานที่ห่อหุ้มด้วยฟิล์มไนลอน (ตัวอย่างอ้างอิง) และหมูแผ่นหวานที่ห่อหุ้มด้วยฟิล์มคอมพอสิตที่มีอัตราส่วนของโปรตีนถั่วเหลืองสกัดต่อเจลาตินปลาเท่ากับ 25:75 และเติมสารสกัดมะขามป้อมเข้มข้น 5.0% (ตัวอย่างทดลอง) โดยเก็บรักษาผลิตภัณฑ์ไว้ที่อุณหภูมิห้อง (25 องศาเซลเซียส) เป็นระยะเวลา 49 …


การคัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัสและการผลิตน้ำมันจากทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าเพื่อการผลิตไบโอดีเซล, ตฤณเศรษฐ์ วีระพันธุ์ Jan 2020

การคัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัสและการผลิตน้ำมันจากทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าเพื่อการผลิตไบโอดีเซล, ตฤณเศรษฐ์ วีระพันธุ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

คัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัส Naganishia cerealis สายพันธุ์ IN1S2.5 ซึ่งมีน้ำมันสะสมในเซลล์ 24.79% (กรัม/กรัมเซลล์แห้ง) เมื่อเพาะเลี้ยงในอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อสังเคราะห์ที่มีอัตราส่วนคาร์บอนต่อไนโตรเจนสูง ได้จากยีสต์ 39 ไอโซเลตซึ่งคัดแยกจากตัวอย่างที่เก็บจากอุทยานแห่งชาติดอยอินทนนท์ จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ผลการประเมินศักยภาพของทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าในการเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตน้ำมันยีสต์ N. cerealis IN1S2.5 และการนำน้ำมันยีสต์ที่ผลิตได้ไปใช้ประโยชน์ พบว่าทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าให้น้ำตาลกลูโคสสูงสุด 16.67 กรัม/ลิตร เมื่อถูกปรับสภาพโดยการแช่ในโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์เข้มข้น 2 โมลาร์ (16 ชั่วโมง) จากนั้นระเบิดด้วยไอน้ำขณะแขวนลอยในโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์เข้มข้น 2.4% (น้ำหนัก/ปริมาตร) ที่ 200°ซ ความดัน 200 psi เป็นเวลา 5 นาที แล้วย่อยด้วยเซลลูเลส (6 ชั่วโมง) N. cerealis IN1S2.5 ที่เพาะเลี้ยงในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่า ซึ่งเติมกลูโคส 75 กรัม/ลิตร โพแทสเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟต 4 กรัม/ลิตร แคลเซียมคลอไรด์ไดไฮเดรต 0.05 กรัม/ลิตร และซิงค์ซัลเฟตเฮพตะไฮเดรต 0.02 กรัม/ลิตร พีเอช 4.0 ให้ผลผลิตน้ำมันสูงสุด 2.46 กรัม/ลิตร จากการทำนายคุณสมบัติของไบโอดีเซลที่ผลิตได้ แสดงให้เห็นว่าน้ำมันยีสต์ N. cerealis IN1S2.5 มีศักยภาพที่จะเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตไบโอดีเซล นอกจากนี้ได้ประเมินศักยภาพของไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าในการเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตกรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกโดยใช้ยีสต์โอลีจินัส Cyberlindnera subsufficiens สายพันธุ์ NG8.2 การเพาะเลี้ยง Cy. subsufficiens NG8.2 ในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าที่ผสมกับไฮโดรไลเสตแป้งมันสำปะหลัง เพื่อทำให้ความเข้มข้นของน้ำตาลในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าสูงขึ้น ทำให้ได้น้ำมันที่มีกรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกสูงกว่า การเพาะเลี้ยงในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าซึ่งทำให้ความเข้มข้นของน้ำตาลสูงขึ้นโดยการนำเอาสารละลายกลูโคสมาผสม การเติมโพแทสเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟต 1 กรัม/ลิตร แมกนีเซียมซัลเฟตเฮพตะไฮเดรต 0.5 กรัม/ลิตร และแคลเซียมคลอไรด์ไดไฮเดรต 0.1 กรัม/ลิตร ลงในสารละลายผสมระหว่างไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่ากับไฮโดรไลเสตแป้งมันสำปะหลัง ที่พีเอช 5.0 ทำให้ผลผลิตน้ำมันเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 1.96 กรัม/ลิตร การลดอุณหภูมิการบ่มจาก 30°ซ เป็น 25°ซ ทำให้กรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกในน้ำมันเพิ่มขึ้นจาก …


Tools To Evaluate Nanodiamond-Mediated Delivery Of Tiopronin For Cataract Prevention, Justin Beltz Jan 2020

Tools To Evaluate Nanodiamond-Mediated Delivery Of Tiopronin For Cataract Prevention, Justin Beltz

Doctoral Dissertations

”There is a growing demand for non-surgical means of cataract treatment. This dissertation presents three bodies of work that reflect the early-stage development of eye drop formulations aimed at delaying cataract progression. These formulations consist of the antioxidant 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) loaded onto nanodiamond particles.

Cataractogenesis is linked to oxidative damage to lens proteins. To investigate the potential of MPG for protection against oxidative damage, A549 cells were incubated in 0.6 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP). Cells exposed to tBHP without MPG exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, which led to the depletion of the vital antioxidant glutathione and, ultimately, apoptosis. Co-administration …


The Interactive Effects Of Microtopography And Hydrology On Ground Layer Vegetation And Soil Gas Flux Responses To A Simulated Emerald Ash Borer Infestation In Black Ash Wetlands, Elisabeth Stimmel Jan 2020

The Interactive Effects Of Microtopography And Hydrology On Ground Layer Vegetation And Soil Gas Flux Responses To A Simulated Emerald Ash Borer Infestation In Black Ash Wetlands, Elisabeth Stimmel

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marshall) wetlands are at risk of significant ecological and functional changes due to the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)), which kills trees in the Fraxinus (ash) genus. Simulated EAB infestations consisting of girdle treatments and ash cut treatments have been implemented in black ash wetlands to study the impacts of black ash canopy dieoff in these systems. Initial findings include ground layer vegetation shifts and impacts to carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) release from soils, but these factors and their interactions with microtopography in …


Livestock-Wildlife Dynamics And Subsequent Human Responses In Marginalized Communities Within Mexico’S Nationally Protected Areas, Deanna Seil Jan 2020

Livestock-Wildlife Dynamics And Subsequent Human Responses In Marginalized Communities Within Mexico’S Nationally Protected Areas, Deanna Seil

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Entering the planet’s sixth mass-extinction, monitoring biodiversity and the factors which affect it is of the utmost importance. This study on the interaction of humans and their livestock with wildlife, and the impact of this interaction on wildlife conservation, took place in Santiago Coatepec, located within the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve in Mexico. Wildlife interactions with livestock may depend upon species, season, ecological characteristics of the area, and livestock management practices. Using camera traps, field data, and interview data, I quantified livestock impact on wildlife behavior and community beliefs. Over two years, camera traps at 18 stations recorded 709 wildlife videos …


The Influence Of Landforms And Sampling Approaches On Riparian Buffer Area And Complexity, Houjun Ding Jan 2020

The Influence Of Landforms And Sampling Approaches On Riparian Buffer Area And Complexity, Houjun Ding

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

A riparian area is a zone of interaction between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Delineating accurate riparian management zones (RMZs), often utilized in Best Management Practices (BMPs) for wetlands and stream protection, is important. The Riparian Buffer Delineation Model (RBDM) has been used extensively for accurate RMZs delineation. Utilizing the validated RBDM generates additional questions about riparian area form and function, which will ideally lead to an improved understanding of the ecological process within these zones. This study aims to determine how geomorphic landforms and their associated landscape characteristics influence riparian areas in terms of shape and complexity, whether sampling methods …


Of Elephants And Men, Helen Kopnina Jan 2020

Of Elephants And Men, Helen Kopnina

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler’s target article is well-researched and thought-provoking, but I do have four points of contention: (1) The proposal to entrust elephants to traditional mahout culture has restricted elephants’ freedom of movement and reproduction and (ab)used them. (2) The concept of “indigenous” simultaneously reifies and denigrates the “noble savages”, privileging only human indigenous groups, ignoring nonhuman indigenes. (3) Most lifestyles have been globalized under consumer-economic and anthropocentric worldviews. (4) The fact that people (including mahouts) are part of nature does not mean they are benevolent, any more than cities, monocultures, or roads are.


Rewilding Or Reviewing: Conservation And The Elephant-Based Tourism Industry, Ingrid Suter Jan 2020

Rewilding Or Reviewing: Conservation And The Elephant-Based Tourism Industry, Ingrid Suter

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler (2020) provide a detailed examination of elephants in captivity, from an historical perspective to modern-day concerns. Concerns include the poor level of mahout skills and subsequent captive elephant welfare issues in the Thai elephant tourism industry. Rewilding is proposed as a method of rehabilitation and a way to include mahouts in the conservation process. This commentary argues that the tourism industry is making positive changes and mahout skills can be utilised successfully without the arduous task of rewilding. Animal rights groups and the transfer of misinformation surrounding captive elephant welfare are also examined, as these typically fail …


Ecological And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Elephant Rewilding, Lysanne Snijders Jan 2020

Ecological And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Elephant Rewilding, Lysanne Snijders

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler make a thought-provoking contribution to the discussion of what role captive animals could play in nature conservation and how we could get there through rewilding. There certainly is potential for captive Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, to become targets of conservation efforts, but there are also many questions: (1) How much do (behavioral) traits of captive-origin animals differ from their free conspecifics? (2) What predicts the likelihood and strength of social reintegration of captive animals into free populations? (3) How much of an Asian elephant’s functional role in the environment can captive animals still fulfill and how …


Innovative, Yes: But Is It Rewilding?, Daniel T. Blumstein, Kate E. Lynch Jan 2020

Innovative, Yes: But Is It Rewilding?, Daniel T. Blumstein, Kate E. Lynch

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler’s extremely stimulating proposal clearly illustrates conflicting priorities in biodiversity conservation and management that are exacerbated when human cultural resources and animal welfare are a part of the solution. We suggest that the discussion can benefit from an even more explicit unpacking of the conflicting values associated with the proposal.


Practicalities Of Re-Wilding, William C. Mcgrew Jan 2020

Practicalities Of Re-Wilding, William C. Mcgrew

Animal Sentience

Re-wilding large-brained, intelligent mammals dependent on social learning to acquire survival skills is challenging. Each reintroduced species has different needs, but basic questions relating to essential aspects of successful release such as subsistence remain the same. Here I pose 12 ecologically and ethologically based questions that should be addressed (if not already done).


Rethinking Rewilding Through Multispecies Justice, Danielle Celermajer Jan 2020

Rethinking Rewilding Through Multispecies Justice, Danielle Celermajer

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler’s argument that some humans, especially some Indigenous peoples, neither conceive of themselves as ontologically distinct from nature, nor do they organize their lives as such, is an important one. However, one needs to understand how colonialism and global capitalism have drawn Indigenous peoples and animals into new political economies. The new situation and the constrained opportunities available may have introduced a range of injustices or forms of violence that did not previously exist. This commentary proposes how a multispecies justice lens might assist in evaluating the most just arrangement for all parties, human and non-human.


Protecting Nature, Freeing Beings, Eileen Crist Jan 2020

Protecting Nature, Freeing Beings, Eileen Crist

Animal Sentience

Large-scale protection of nature is needed to address the ecological crisis. Big animals are connected with this mandate: They are threatened worldwide; they play important ecological roles; and the vast areas they require support a host of lifeforms. But visionary conservation is not only a pragmatic necessity. It is an ethical imperative, for comprehensive nature protection and restoration that supports the good life for all. The story of Asian elephants is part of this bigger story. We must find compassionate ways to free captive elephants and restore a world in which they, and countless others, may live free and flourish.


A “Halfway House” For Improving Captive Welfare, Phyllis C. Lee, W. Keith Lindsay Jan 2020

A “Halfway House” For Improving Captive Welfare, Phyllis C. Lee, W. Keith Lindsay

Animal Sentience

It is certainly time to aim for higher quality management strategies for Thailand’s captive elephants, and to engage with sustainable livelihoods for traditional mahouts. Baker & Winkler’s proposal to rewild Thai elephants by placing them under the guardianship of Karen mahouts is recognized as not “wild” since it remains a form of management requiring elephants to live under the control of human caregivers. We applaud the positive welfare aims of this proposal; however, we caution that few of the long-term consequences for elephants or habitats can be known, and further considerations of elephant population dynamics and forest ecosystems are required …


Rewilding Elephants: A Solution Or A Potential Problem?, Sagarika Phalke Jan 2020

Rewilding Elephants: A Solution Or A Potential Problem?, Sagarika Phalke

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler (B&W) provide a comprehensive and systematic review of Thailand’s captive tourist elephants. They propose rewilding as a solution to improving the welfare of captive tourist elephants. They also advocate this method for restoring degraded forests, elephant conservation and preserving traditional elephant-keeping practices and knowledge. This commentary argues that rewilding might exacerbate negative human-elephant interactions and impede conservation efforts. While further research is required for rewilding to be considered a viable and practical solution, B&W’s focus on documenting traditional knowledge which can directly contribute to the welfare of captive elephants remains important.


Challenging Our Conception Of Wildness, Elodie Massiot Jan 2020

Challenging Our Conception Of Wildness, Elodie Massiot

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler (2020) point out the entanglement among free-living elephants, captive elephants, and humans in the elephant tourism industry. Where all living beings – captive and free-living – are more or less affected by human presence or activity, the binary notion of wild and captive, and in situ and ex situ conservation, becomes inadequate. B&W challenge our concept of wildness – and hence of rewilding – and our level of intervention in this wildness of which we are a component.


Elephants And Pandemics, Adrian Treves Jan 2020

Elephants And Pandemics, Adrian Treves

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler’s critique of Asian elephant tourism and conservation in Thailand has convinced me that this was “an industry with too many victims.” Yet I fear that B&W’s proposed remedy of returning to past elephant husbandry by Karen hill-peoples has little likelihood of improving the lives of the elephants for long. Who can predict whether the Karen will live up to this hope? B&W advocate for the Karen, but not for “an abolitionist stance on elephant-human relationships.” In my view, whether we discuss elephants or the wild mammals that carry SARS-CoV-2, abolition of many human uses of animals is …