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Articles 31 - 60 of 79
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
A Comparison Of Methods For Calculating Condition Index In Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Julia S. Rainier, Roger L. Mann
A Comparison Of Methods For Calculating Condition Index In Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Julia S. Rainier, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
A number of techniques have been reported to estimate condition index in oysters and other bivalve molluscs. We report and compare condition index, estimated by three different methods, for oysters collected from a single reef in the James River, Virginia over a four week period in the summer of 1987. Two indices express condition as a ratio of dry meat weight to shell cavity volume, but differ in methods of estimating shell cavity volume. A third method expresses condition as a ratio of dry meat weight to dry shell weight. Within the size range 36-96 mm length there is no …
Modelling Of Zinc Accumulation In The American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Cheol Mo
Modelling Of Zinc Accumulation In The American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Cheol Mo
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
A model of zinc accumulation by the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is developed by relating in-situ zinc body burden to time-integration of uptake. Short-term uptake rates are estimated in laboratory by introducing &\sp{lcub}65{rcub}&Zn to oysters of various weights in aquaria with salinities of 18&\perthous& and 12&\perthous&. Uptake of &\sp{lcub}65{rcub}&Zn by an oyster: (1) varies as a power function of the body weight (soft tissue dry weight) of the oyster (&dy\over{lcub}dt{rcub}& = kW&\sp{lcub}\beta{rcub}&), (2) is inversely related to the salinity of ambient water, and (3) increases linearly with ambient concentration. Zinc body burdens of oysters of various weights from oyster beds …
Annular Growth Layers In Juvenile Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta-Caretta), Rc Klinger, Ja Musick
Annular Growth Layers In Juvenile Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta-Caretta), Rc Klinger, Ja Musick
VIMS Articles
Juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) were tagged with tetracycline to establish a chronology for deposition of periosteal bone growth layers. Eight recaptures, encompassing intervals of 1 to 3 years, were used to demonstrate that these growth layers were typically deposited on an annual basis. However, the number of scorable growth layers represents an underestimate of true age because earlier growth layers are obscured by expansion of the medullary cavity during growth. The number of absorbed growth layers was extrapolated from calculations based on juvenile bone growth patterns. Most (83%) of these corrected age estimates for juvenile loggerheads, 40 to 80 …
Age, Growth, And Reproduction Of The Goosefish Lophius-Americanus (Pisces, Lophiiformes), Michael P. Armstrong, John Musick, James A. Colvocoresses
Age, Growth, And Reproduction Of The Goosefish Lophius-Americanus (Pisces, Lophiiformes), Michael P. Armstrong, John Musick, James A. Colvocoresses
VIMS Articles
Age, growth, and reproduction were studied in goosefish Lophius americanus collected from National Marine Fisheries Service groundfish surveys and commercial fishing cruises between Georges Bank and Cape Hatteras in the western North Atlantic. Age and growth of L. americanus were determined from vertebral annuli, which became visible at the edge of the vertebral centra in May. Maximum ages of males and females were 9 and 11 years, respectively. Males appeared to experience higher mortality than females in the older age-classes. Von Bertalanffy growth curves calculated for males and females had excellent agreement with back-calculated lengths. The growth rate of L. …
Unexplained Mortalities Of Hatchery-Reared, Juvenile Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Vm Bricelj, Se Ford, Fj Borrero, Fo Perkins, Et Al
Unexplained Mortalities Of Hatchery-Reared, Juvenile Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Vm Bricelj, Se Ford, Fj Borrero, Fo Perkins, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Survival. growth and pathology of juvenile oysters. Crassostrea virginica. in off-bottom culture at Oyster Bay and Fishers Island, New York, were monitored during the summer of 1991 to document and help explain the episodic mass mortalities of cultured seed oysters that have occurred in the northeastern USA over the past several years. Al Oyster Bay. where the more detailed study was conducted. 54 to 7So/o losses affected several 1991 cohorts at mean shell heights ranging from IS to 24 mm, within 3 to 6V, weeks of transfer from the hatchery to growout trays. Mortalities occurred in July and August, at …
Index Of Papers Published In The Journal Of Shellfish Research Volume 1-10 (1981-1991), Michael Castagna, Nancy Lewis, Charles Mcfadden, Mary Gibbons
Index Of Papers Published In The Journal Of Shellfish Research Volume 1-10 (1981-1991), Michael Castagna, Nancy Lewis, Charles Mcfadden, Mary Gibbons
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Artificial Shelters And Survival Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster Panulirus-Argus - Spatial, Habitat, And Lobster Size Effects, David B. Eggleston, Rom Lipcius, Dl Miller
Artificial Shelters And Survival Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster Panulirus-Argus - Spatial, Habitat, And Lobster Size Effects, David B. Eggleston, Rom Lipcius, Dl Miller
VIMS Articles
A principal mechanism underlying a production hypothesis that artifical reefs increase environmental carrying capacity and eventually the biomass of reef-associated organisms is that these structures reduce predation on reef residents. We tested this predation mechanism with a series of field experiments at two sites (inner-bay sand-seagrass flat, and outer-bay seagrass bed adjacent to coral reefs) in Bahia de la Ascension, Mexico. We examined survival of two size-classes of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus tethered in seagrass beds with and without access to artificial lobster shelters, and at different distances from the shelters. The artificial shelters were concrete structures (casitas) …
Stock Structure Of The Bluefish Pomatomus-Saltatrix Along The Mid-Atlantic Coast, John Graves, Jan Mcdowell, Ana M. Beardsley, Daniel Scoles
Stock Structure Of The Bluefish Pomatomus-Saltatrix Along The Mid-Atlantic Coast, John Graves, Jan Mcdowell, Ana M. Beardsley, Daniel Scoles
VIMS Articles
Restriction-fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to investigate the genetic basis of stock structure of the bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix along the U. S. mid-Atlantic coast, and to determine the degree of genetic differentiation between mid-Atlantic bluefish and Australian conspecifics. A total of 472 young-of-the-year (YOY) and yearling bluefish collected in New Jersey, Virginia, and North Carolina over a period of 3 years, and 19 YOY bluefish collected in New South Wales, Australia were analyzed with 9 informative restriction endonucleases. Despite considerable mtDNA variation within samples of U.S. mid-Atlantic bluefish, no significant genetic differentiation was detected among …
A Genetic-Analysis Of Weakfish Cynoscion-Regalis Stock Structure Along The Mid-Atlantic Coast, John Graves, Jan Mcdowell, M. Lisa Jones
A Genetic-Analysis Of Weakfish Cynoscion-Regalis Stock Structure Along The Mid-Atlantic Coast, John Graves, Jan Mcdowell, M. Lisa Jones
VIMS Articles
To investigate the genetic basis of stock structure of the weakfish Cynoscion regalis, a total of 370 individuals was collected from four geographic sites along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States over a period of 4 years. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of weakfish mitochondrial DNA, employing either 6 or 13 restriction endonucleases, demonstrated a low level of intraspecific mtDNA variation, with a mean nucleotide sequence divergence of 0.13% for the pooled samples. The common mtDNA genotype occurred at a frequency of 0.91-0.96 in all samples, and no significant heterogeneity was found among samples in the occurrence of …
Density-Dependent Predation By Blue Crabs Upon Infaunal Clam Species With Contrasting Distribution And Abundance Patterns, Db Eggleston, Rom Lipcius, Ah Hines
Density-Dependent Predation By Blue Crabs Upon Infaunal Clam Species With Contrasting Distribution And Abundance Patterns, Db Eggleston, Rom Lipcius, Ah Hines
VIMS Articles
Adult infaunal clams (Macoma balthica) persist at low densities in sandy and muddy habitats in Chesapeake Bay, USA, despite intense predation by blue crabs Callinectes sapidus; another infaunal soft-shelled clam (Mya arenaria) only persists in sandy habitats. We hypothesized that the persistence of M. balthica and M. arenaria in certain habitats was due to blue crabs exhibiting a type III (sigmoid) functional response whereby the risk of mortality is reduced at low clam densities. Laboratory experiments assessed functional responses (prey consumption predator-1 as a function of prey density) of large male blue crabs to 6 densities of M. balthica as …
Relationship Of Habitat And Spatial Scale With Physiological State And Settlement Of Blue Crab Postlarvae In Chesapeake Bay, Ks Metcalf, Rom Lipcius
Relationship Of Habitat And Spatial Scale With Physiological State And Settlement Of Blue Crab Postlarvae In Chesapeake Bay, Ks Metcalf, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Physiological state (molt stage) of planktonic and benthic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) postlarvae (megalopae) was quantified within and outside Chesapeake Bay at various spatial scales. Physiological state of planktonic megalopae advanced significantly from the continental shelf off the Chesapeake Bay mouth, through the bay mainstem, and into upriver stations in the York River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay. These results imply that settlement and metamorphosis of blue crab megalopae is dependent on location relative to the shelf. The physiological evidence supports the export-reinvasion theory of blue crab recruitment and is inconsistent with a larval retention hypothesis. In the tributary, benthic …
Status Of The Virginia Public Oyster Fishery - Spring 1991, Bruce Barber
Status Of The Virginia Public Oyster Fishery - Spring 1991, Bruce Barber
Reports
This report summarizes data collected during 1991 in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay. The report focuses on the spring oyster survey in Virginia.
Larvae And Relationships Of Epinepheline Serranids (Teleostei: Percoidei), Carole Christine Baldwin
Larvae And Relationships Of Epinepheline Serranids (Teleostei: Percoidei), Carole Christine Baldwin
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Morphology is described for larvae of Diploprion bifasciatus, Belonoperca chabanaudi, Jeboehlkia gladifer, and Grammistes sexlineatus of the serranid subfamily Epinephelinae. Known larvae of all epinephelines are compared. Larval epinephelines differ in patterns of pigmentation, head spination, sequence of fin formation and morphology of elongate (often spectacularly so!) dorsal-fin spines. Relationships among epinepheline genera are investigated based on phylogenetic analysis of larval and adult morphology. Five monophyletic tribes are cladistically delineated, and relationships among tribes and among genera of the tribe Grammistini are hypothesized. Generic composition of tribes differs from Johnson's (1983) classification only in the allocation of Jeboehlkia to the …
Distribution, Abundance, And Behavior Of The Cownose Ray, Rhinoptera Bonasus (Mitchill 1815), In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Robert A. Blaylock
Distribution, Abundance, And Behavior Of The Cownose Ray, Rhinoptera Bonasus (Mitchill 1815), In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Robert A. Blaylock
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Aspects of the ecology of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the lower Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries were studied using aerial surveys, biotelemetry, and examination of stomach contents. The Chesapeake Bay was surveyed by airplane during 1986-1989, to examine the distribution of cownose rays and estimate their abundance using line transect methods. Cownose rays resided in Chesapeake Bay throughout the summer months, entering in early June and emigrating in late September. They were usually absent, or nearly so, by late October. Mean monthly abundance ranged from none present in May and November, to a September average of 9.3 &\cdot& …
Foraging Ecology Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Randa A. Mansour
Foraging Ecology Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Randa A. Mansour
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This study concurrently quantified blue crab feeding habits and preference, and examined the inter-relationships between diet, predator preference, and predator and prey abundance and distribution in three subestuaries of lower Chesapeake Bay--the James, York and Rappahannock Rivers, Virginia. Complementary laboratory investigations estimated the combined effect of the functional, aggregative and interference responses upon prey and predator survival and predator foraging rates for blue crabs and a common bivalve prey, Macoma balthica, in this system. Crab abundance, prey abundance and diet were correlated such that blue crabs aggregated in areas of highest preferred (i.e., bivalve) prey abundance, as determined through electivity …
Comparative Biology And Population Dynamics Of Searobins (Genus Prionotus) With Emphasis On Populations In The Northwestern Gulf Of Mexico, James G. Hoff Jr
Comparative Biology And Population Dynamics Of Searobins (Genus Prionotus) With Emphasis On Populations In The Northwestern Gulf Of Mexico, James G. Hoff Jr
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Eight species of Prionotus, collected from 5-100 m in the Gulf of Mexico along a cross-shelf transect off Freeport, Tx during October 1977-August 1981, were studied to determine life history patterns and how they partition resources. Only four species were abundant: P. tribulus, P. paralatus, P. longispinosus, and P. stearnsi. Prionotus spp. mature at 80 mm (P. stearnsi and P. rubio), 85 mm (P. tribulus and P. paralatus), 100 mm (P. ophryas), 105 mm (P. roseus), and 120 mm (P. longispinosus). Sizes at Age 1 were 99-140 mm (P. tribulus), 99-138 mm (P. longispinosus), 98-122 mm (P. paralatus), 75-125 mm …
Generic Identification And Patterns Of External Pigment In Larval Gobies (Pisces: Gobiidae) From The Belize Barrier Reef, Elizabeth D. Maddox
Generic Identification And Patterns Of External Pigment In Larval Gobies (Pisces: Gobiidae) From The Belize Barrier Reef, Elizabeth D. Maddox
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Role Of Habitat Features And Chemical Cues In Substrate Selection By Blue Crab Megalopae: Evidence From Laboratory Experiments, Bruce Clare Layman
Role Of Habitat Features And Chemical Cues In Substrate Selection By Blue Crab Megalopae: Evidence From Laboratory Experiments, Bruce Clare Layman
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Measurement Of The Carbon And Nitrogen Densities Of The Marine Heterotrophic Flagellate Paraphysomonas Sp, Yongsik Sin
Measurement Of The Carbon And Nitrogen Densities Of The Marine Heterotrophic Flagellate Paraphysomonas Sp, Yongsik Sin
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Survival And Abundance Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster: Effects Of Shelter Size And Geographic Location, Jonathon Daniel Mintz
Survival And Abundance Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster: Effects Of Shelter Size And Geographic Location, Jonathon Daniel Mintz
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Chesapeake Bay Status Of Stocks Report 1990 - 1991: Virginia And Maryland Juvenile Finfish Data Young-Of-The-Year Indices, Herbert M. Austin, Christopher F. Bonzek, Thomas C. Mosca Iii
Chesapeake Bay Status Of Stocks Report 1990 - 1991: Virginia And Maryland Juvenile Finfish Data Young-Of-The-Year Indices, Herbert M. Austin, Christopher F. Bonzek, Thomas C. Mosca Iii
Reports
No abstract provided.
Nesting Substrate Preference And Breeding Of Common Terns (Sterna Hirundo) And Black Skimmers (Rynchops Niger) On The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel, Greg S. Keller
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Oxygen Consumption And Carbon Dioxide Production In Prairie Deer Mice (Peromyscus Maniculatus Bairdii) Kept In Various Group Densities And Reproductive Conditions, Patricia A. Staubs
Oxygen Consumption And Carbon Dioxide Production In Prairie Deer Mice (Peromyscus Maniculatus Bairdii) Kept In Various Group Densities And Reproductive Conditions, Patricia A. Staubs
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Cytophotometric Estimation Of Nuclear Dna Content Variation In Ten Species Of Geniculate Coralline Algae (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta), Jeffrey Craig Bailey
Cytophotometric Estimation Of Nuclear Dna Content Variation In Ten Species Of Geniculate Coralline Algae (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta), Jeffrey Craig Bailey
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Comparison Of The Level Of Female Induced Reproductive Inhibition In White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus Noveboracensis) From Michigan And Virginia, Timothy Sterling Boyer
Comparison Of The Level Of Female Induced Reproductive Inhibition In White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus Noveboracensis) From Michigan And Virginia, Timothy Sterling Boyer
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Taxonomy Of Larval Blennioidei Of Belize, Central America, Martin Ray Cavalluzzi
Taxonomy Of Larval Blennioidei Of Belize, Central America, Martin Ray Cavalluzzi
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Index Of Papers Published In The Journal Of Shellfish Research Volumes 1-10 (1981-1991), Michael Castagna, Nancy Lewis, Charles Mcfadden, Mary Gibbons
Index Of Papers Published In The Journal Of Shellfish Research Volumes 1-10 (1981-1991), Michael Castagna, Nancy Lewis, Charles Mcfadden, Mary Gibbons
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Temporal And Spatial Changes In Fecundity Of Eastern Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791) In The James River, Virginia, Carrollyn Cox, Roger L. Mann
Temporal And Spatial Changes In Fecundity Of Eastern Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791) In The James River, Virginia, Carrollyn Cox, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
A~u1t Crass~strea virgi.nic~ ~Gmelin) were examined during the reproductive season of 1986 to determine temporal and spatial vanation m fecundity among md!Vldual female oysters from four reefs in the James River, Virginia. Sex ratio and oyster abu.ndance were. ~so determined to :acilitate ~s~imation of total reproductive output of oyster assemblages. Fecundity was highly vanable, both w1thm and among locations. Vanation was attributed to differences in oyster size, asynchrony and variation in time since pri~r spawning, prevalence of parasites (especially Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and Perkinsus marinus) and differing salinity regimes.
Comparison Of Condition Index (K) Of Spot (Leiostomus Xanthurus) From The Elizabeth And York Rivers, Virginia, Kinloch Nelson, Herbert M. Austin
Comparison Of Condition Index (K) Of Spot (Leiostomus Xanthurus) From The Elizabeth And York Rivers, Virginia, Kinloch Nelson, Herbert M. Austin
VIMS Articles
Condition Index (K) was measured on spot, Leiostomus xanthums from the York ( control) and Elizabeth rivers (Experimental-polluted) in 1983-1985. Condition indices for the two populations were regressed against seasonal temperature at the time of capture. Between 6.0 and 19.0 C the Condition Index of the two populations rises in synchrony. Above 19 .0 C the Elizabeth River Condition Index continues to rise, and the York begins to drop. Above 26 C the York drops to levels approaching those of winter, and the Elizabeth continues to rise to the highest levels measured. It is hypothesized that this disparity is caused …
Fisheries Assessment And Management Synthesis: Lessons For Chesapeake Bay, William A. Richkus, Steven J. Nelson, Herbert M. Austin
Fisheries Assessment And Management Synthesis: Lessons For Chesapeake Bay, William A. Richkus, Steven J. Nelson, Herbert M. Austin
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Describes the basic approaches that are used for stock assessment of the fish and shellfish stocks of the Chesapeake Bay system. The authors summarize the principal methods of stock assessment and fisheries management that have been and are being-applied to Bay fisheries, with particular emphasis on data collection and the use of models. Three case studies of critical species are presented - the striped bass, the blue crab and the Eastern oyster.