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School Of Marine Science Graduate Catalog 1992-93, College Of William And Mary, School Of Marine Science

Miscellaneous

Catalog for the Graduate program of the School of Marine Science at the College of William & Mary for the listed academic year.

A Rapid Chromatographic Method For Recovery Of 15no2- And No3- Produced By Nitrification In Aqueous Samples, H Kator, Lj Morris, Rl Wetzel

VIMS Articles

The sensitivity and comparative simplicity of N-15 stable isotopic tracer techniques has been used to quantify rates of nitrification in aquatic systems. However, the most commonly used method for recovery of inorganic oxidized nitrogen compounds from aqueous samples, which is based on liquid-liquid partitioning, is time consuming and contamination prone. We describe a solid-phase rapid chromatographic method for recovery of (NO2-)-N-15 and NO3- produced by nitrification in aqueous samples. Compared to liquid-liquid partitioning, the advantages are significantly reduced processing time and reduced potential for contamination. Typical results are presented for the tidal, freshwater reaches of the James River estuary.

Shelter Selection By Spiny Lobster Under Variable Predation Risk, Social Conditions, And Shelter Size, Db Eggleston, Rom Lipcius

VIMS Articles

Shelter use patterns of den dwelling Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, appear to be regulated by predation risk. The risk of predation may be modified by (1) social structure, which alters the effectiveness of communal defense, and (2) the scaling between lobster size and shelter size, which enhances the protective capacity of the den. These hypotheses were tested with field enclosure experiments using artificial lobster shelters, which examined the effects of predation risk (i.e., presence or absence of a major predator, the nurse shark Ginglyostoma cirratum), spiny lobster size, social condition (i.e., presence or absence of conspecifics), and shelter size …

A Comparison Of Two Methods Of Measuring Dissolved Organic Carbon, Betty Saley, Kevin Curling, Bruce Neilson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of Marine Picoplankton Cell-Size By Using A Cooled, Charge-Coupled Device Camera With Image-Analyzed Fluorescence Microscopy, Cl Viles, Me Sieracki

VIMS Articles

Accurate measurement of the biomass and size distribution of picoplankton cells (0.2 to 2.0-mu-m) is paramount in characterizing their contribution to the oceanic food web and global biogeochemical cycling. Image-analyzed fluorescence microscopy, usually based on video camera technology, allows detailed measurements of individual cells to be taken. The application of an imaging system employing a cooled, slow-scan charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to automated counting and sizing of individual picoplankton cells from natural marine samples is described. A slow-scan CCD-based camera was compared to a video camera and was superior for detecting and sizing very small, dim particles such as fluorochrome-stained …

Allozyme Analysis Of Billfish Population Structure, Lee W. Morgan

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Survival Of Juvenile Queen Conch, Strombus Gigas, In Natural Habitats: Impact Of Prey, Predator And Habitat Features, Livingston Sinclair Marshall Jr

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In this dissertation, I experimentally examine predation-induced mortality upon juvenile queen conch, Strombus gigas, and assess the importance of select habitat predator and conch characteristics affecting predation intensity. Experiments were conducted during the summer and early fall of 1987, 1988, 1990 and 1991 in seagrass beds and adjacent sand flats near Lee Stocking Island, Exuma Cays, Bahamas. These experiments indicate that various factors act interactively to produce habitat-specific mortality rates in queen conch due to predation. These include (1) habitat type, whereby seagrass beds offer some protection; (2) local population dynamics, such that populated seagrass beds appear to enhance conch …

The Phylum Chaetognatha : A Bibliography, Grant C. George

Reports

This bibliography has resulted from an initial suggestion by Sargay Timofeev in the March 1990 newsletter of The Chaetognath Group, whose coordinator (Helga Kapp) further suggested that I be given the task. Both are forgiven. The eventual size of the task was unsuspected at its beginning in the fall of 1990; bibliographies are easily begun but decisions on their limits and conclusion are difficult. I have attempted to include all major and substantive works on the Chaetognatha. The inevitable omissions are inadvertent, although a recognized deficiency of the work lies in an incomplete listing of Russian references; I have included …

Annular Growth Layers In Juvenile Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta-Caretta), Rc Klinger, Ja Musick

VIMS Articles

Juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) were tagged with tetracycline to establish a chronology for deposition of periosteal bone growth layers. Eight recaptures, encompassing intervals of 1 to 3 years, were used to demonstrate that these growth layers were typically deposited on an annual basis. However, the number of scorable growth layers represents an underestimate of true age because earlier growth layers are obscured by expansion of the medullary cavity during growth. The number of absorbed growth layers was extrapolated from calculations based on juvenile bone growth patterns. Most (83%) of these corrected age estimates for juvenile loggerheads, 40 to 80 …

Density-Dependent Predation By Blue Crabs Upon Infaunal Clam Species With Contrasting Distribution And Abundance Patterns, Db Eggleston, Rom Lipcius, Ah Hines

VIMS Articles

Adult infaunal clams (Macoma balthica) persist at low densities in sandy and muddy habitats in Chesapeake Bay, USA, despite intense predation by blue crabs Callinectes sapidus; another infaunal soft-shelled clam (Mya arenaria) only persists in sandy habitats. We hypothesized that the persistence of M. balthica and M. arenaria in certain habitats was due to blue crabs exhibiting a type III (sigmoid) functional response whereby the risk of mortality is reduced at low clam densities. Laboratory experiments assessed functional responses (prey consumption predator-1 as a function of prey density) of large male blue crabs to 6 densities of M. balthica as …

Relationship Of Habitat And Spatial Scale With Physiological State And Settlement Of Blue Crab Postlarvae In Chesapeake Bay, Ks Metcalf, Rom Lipcius

VIMS Articles

Physiological state (molt stage) of planktonic and benthic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) postlarvae (megalopae) was quantified within and outside Chesapeake Bay at various spatial scales. Physiological state of planktonic megalopae advanced significantly from the continental shelf off the Chesapeake Bay mouth, through the bay mainstem, and into upriver stations in the York River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay. These results imply that settlement and metamorphosis of blue crab megalopae is dependent on location relative to the shelf. The physiological evidence supports the export-reinvasion theory of blue crab recruitment and is inconsistent with a larval retention hypothesis. In the tributary, benthic …

Status Of The Virginia Public Oyster Fishery - Spring 1991, Bruce Barber

Reports

This report summarizes data collected during 1991 in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay. The report focuses on the spring oyster survey in Virginia.

Larvae And Relationships Of Epinepheline Serranids (Teleostei: Percoidei), Carole Christine Baldwin

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Morphology is described for larvae of Diploprion bifasciatus, Belonoperca chabanaudi, Jeboehlkia gladifer, and Grammistes sexlineatus of the serranid subfamily Epinephelinae. Known larvae of all epinephelines are compared. Larval epinephelines differ in patterns of pigmentation, head spination, sequence of fin formation and morphology of elongate (often spectacularly so!) dorsal-fin spines. Relationships among epinepheline genera are investigated based on phylogenetic analysis of larval and adult morphology. Five monophyletic tribes are cladistically delineated, and relationships among tribes and among genera of the tribe Grammistini are hypothesized. Generic composition of tribes differs from Johnson's (1983) classification only in the allocation of Jeboehlkia to the …

Distribution, Abundance, And Behavior Of The Cownose Ray, Rhinoptera Bonasus (Mitchill 1815), In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Robert A. Blaylock

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Aspects of the ecology of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the lower Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries were studied using aerial surveys, biotelemetry, and examination of stomach contents. The Chesapeake Bay was surveyed by airplane during 1986-1989, to examine the distribution of cownose rays and estimate their abundance using line transect methods. Cownose rays resided in Chesapeake Bay throughout the summer months, entering in early June and emigrating in late September. They were usually absent, or nearly so, by late October. Mean monthly abundance ranged from none present in May and November, to a September average of 9.3 &\cdot& …

Foraging Ecology Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Randa A. Mansour

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

This study concurrently quantified blue crab feeding habits and preference, and examined the inter-relationships between diet, predator preference, and predator and prey abundance and distribution in three subestuaries of lower Chesapeake Bay--the James, York and Rappahannock Rivers, Virginia. Complementary laboratory investigations estimated the combined effect of the functional, aggregative and interference responses upon prey and predator survival and predator foraging rates for blue crabs and a common bivalve prey, Macoma balthica, in this system. Crab abundance, prey abundance and diet were correlated such that blue crabs aggregated in areas of highest preferred (i.e., bivalve) prey abundance, as determined through electivity …

Comparative Biology And Population Dynamics Of Searobins (Genus Prionotus) With Emphasis On Populations In The Northwestern Gulf Of Mexico, James G. Hoff Jr

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Eight species of Prionotus, collected from 5-100 m in the Gulf of Mexico along a cross-shelf transect off Freeport, Tx during October 1977-August 1981, were studied to determine life history patterns and how they partition resources. Only four species were abundant: P. tribulus, P. paralatus, P. longispinosus, and P. stearnsi. Prionotus spp. mature at 80 mm (P. stearnsi and P. rubio), 85 mm (P. tribulus and P. paralatus), 100 mm (P. ophryas), 105 mm (P. roseus), and 120 mm (P. longispinosus). Sizes at Age 1 were 99-140 mm (P. tribulus), 99-138 mm (P. longispinosus), 98-122 mm (P. paralatus), 75-125 mm …

Generic Identification And Patterns Of External Pigment In Larval Gobies (Pisces: Gobiidae) From The Belize Barrier Reef, Elizabeth D. Maddox

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Role Of Habitat Features And Chemical Cues In Substrate Selection By Blue Crab Megalopae: Evidence From Laboratory Experiments, Bruce Clare Layman

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of The Carbon And Nitrogen Densities Of The Marine Heterotrophic Flagellate Paraphysomonas Sp, Yongsik Sin

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Chesapeake Bay Status Of Stocks Report 1990 - 1991: Virginia And Maryland Juvenile Finfish Data Young-Of-The-Year Indices, Herbert M. Austin, Christopher F. Bonzek, Thomas C. Mosca Iii

Reports

No abstract provided.

Index Of Papers Published In The Journal Of Shellfish Research Volumes 1-10 (1981-1991), Michael Castagna, Nancy Lewis, Charles Mcfadden, Mary Gibbons

VIMS Articles

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Assessment And Management Synthesis: Lessons For Chesapeake Bay, William A. Richkus, Steven J. Nelson, Herbert M. Austin

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Describes the basic approaches that are used for stock assessment of the fish and shellfish stocks of the Chesapeake Bay system. The authors summarize the principal methods of stock assessment and fisheries management that have been and are being-applied to Bay fisheries, with particular emphasis on data collection and the use of models. Three case studies of critical species are presented - the striped bass, the blue crab and the Eastern oyster.

Life Cycle Studies Of Perkinsus Marinus : Host Specificity : Final Report, Frank O. Perkins

Reports

This project was initiated because it is important to know whether molluscs other than Crassostrea virginica can serve as reservoirs of infection of C. virginica by Perkinsus marinus or other species of Perkinsus when one is designing strategies to culture the oysters in waters where the disease organism is present.

Includes atlas of Perkinsus spp. structure.

Sporulation Of Haplosporidan Parasites : Notes And Tables, Jay D. Andrews

Reports

Compilation of 13 unpublished reports and notes on sporulation of the oyster pathogen Minchinia nelsoni (Haplosporidium nelsoni) and other haplosporidians, arranged in reverse chronological order from 1983-1966.

• Notes on sporulation of MSX in tray oysters --
• Sporulation of Minchinia nelsoni in oysters ---
• ignificance of sporulation site --
• Notes on life-sycles of haplosporidans --
• Spores of MSX in Rappahannock River spat --
• Sporulation of MSX --
• History of MSX spores --
• MSX sporulation --
• Notes on Myhre's spat experiments --
• Notes on Minchinia amoricana from paper by P. VanBanning --
• Summary of Minchinia armoricana --
• Minchinia sp. in shipworms (Toredo).

Tray Studies Of Oyster Diseases On Eastern Shore Of Virginia, 1959 To 1981 : Mortality And Disease Prevalence Of Sso And Msx, Jay D. Andrews

Reports

Compilation of data records from MSX and SSO oyster disease tray experiments conducted in various seaside bays of Virginia's Eastern Shore between 1959 and 1981.

Fish Assemblages At A Deep-Water Sewage Disposal Site (Dwd-106) : A Final Contract Report, J. A. Musick, J. C. Defosse, E. D. Grogan

Reports

Deep-water dumpsite 106 is located over the continental slope and rise about 106 miles east of New Jersey (Fig. 1). From March 1986 to July 1992 approximately eight million wet metric tons of sewage sludge were disposed there per year (Robertson and Redford, 1992). Because of the potential impact of this dumping on deep-sea ecosystems, NOAA/NMFS contracted the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary (VIMS) to make otter-trawl collections in and around DWD 106 in 1990 and 1991. Specific objectives of these collections were:

1. To sample the demersal megafauna, especially fishes;

2. To provide frozen …

Vims Hatchery Operations Manual, Mary Gibbons, Kenneth Kurkowski, Michael Castagna

Reports

No abstract provided.