Law Commons^™

When You’Re Arrested For A Felony In Seattle, You’Ll Meet Me., Austin Field

Seattle University Law Review

In this Essay, Austin Field, a practicing public defender, uses a first-person perspective to describe what it is like to meet a criminal defendant for the first time. He explains the process from start to finish, detailing everything from the way he introduces himself to how bail works.

"I’ll ask you for your name. Most of the time, you tell me. I check your name against my list. On any given day I’m supposed to interview between five and fifteen people. I have a lot of questions for you. We only have about ten minutes."

The Public Square In A Private-Property Obsessed Country: What New York City’S Pops Regulations Get Right And Why Other Cities Should (Mostly) Copy Them, Carson Mcgregor

Seattle University Law Review

When New York City (NYC) was first becoming the metropolitan monolith it is today, it had a problem: the city streets were chock full of skyscrapers, and sunlight, air, and usable open space were at a premium. In response, the City promulgated its first Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS) regulations, which allowed developers to build skyward in exchange for providing public space on the street level. Unfortunately, in July of 2023, the New York Times (NYT) discovered that New Yorkers received only a fraction of what they were promised. Building owners received billions of dollars’ worth of added floor space, …

Volume 48 Masthead, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Volume 48 Masthead

Defining Deference: Impacts Of Abandoning Chevron On Emerging Technology Governance And Administrative Law, R. Aubrey Davis Iii

Seattle University Law Review

Emerging technologies, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), often lead to unforeseen legal outcomes. Notable abuses in areas such as facial recognition, employment bias, and housing discrimination are well known. However, legislative responses to these issues either have been largely reactive or there has been no legislative response at all. In lieu of legislation, agencies have sought to fill the gap. For example, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) recently proposed a rule mandating voter notification for all AI-generated political phone calls citing the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) of 1991 as authority. However, the TCPA was originally passed to curtail telemarketing, not …

Intellectual Property Or Modern Folklore? The Problem With Open Gaming Licenses In Tabletop Gaming, Rosie Midget

Seattle University Law Review

This Note addresses how courts and legislatures should address “Open Gaming Licenses” commonly attached to tabletop roleplaying games (TTRPGs), which game publishers use to promote a false image of accessibility—misleading consumers and building goodwill from the misunderstanding. Part I discusses what TTRPGs are, including the defining features of the hobby and culture surrounding it, as well as the unique interplay between publishers and players. Part II explores the question of which elements in a TTRPG system may be subject to copyright protection. Part III examines these elements in practice using Wizards of the Coast’s Dungeons and Dragons TTRPG as a …

Modern Day Colonialism Through HawaiʻI’S Quiet Title And Partition Laws, Cheyann Fujii

Seattle University Law Review

This Note will attempt to highlight important aspects of Hawaiian history to provide readers with a clear picture on how Native Hawaiians are still impacted by colonialism, specifically when plaintiffs bring a quiet title or partition action against Native Hawaiian owners of kuleana lands. Before colonization, the concept of private land ownership did not exist in Hawai‘i, and Native Hawaiians adopted a feudal system by dividing land into geographical areas. Missionaries and businessmen brought Western ideas to Hawai‘i and influenced legislation such as the Great Māhele and the Kuleana Land Act of 1850, which solidified the concept of private property. …

Data Advantage And Merger Review: Can Entrenchment Theory Reform Antitrust Enforcement?, Shin-Ru Cheng

Seattle University Law Review

A merger involving giant digital companies is likely to dampen competition, as it allows those companies to combine and control data access, enabling them to entrench their dominant positions in relevant markets and extend those positions into related markets. While competition law in many jurisdictions aims to prohibit mergers that may substantially lessen competition or create a monopoly, arguably the review of digital mergers is failing because antitrust agencies lack an effective approach to identify data-generated anticompetitive harms. This Article demonstrates that entrenchment theory, recently reintroduced in the 2023 U.S. Merger Guidelines, would help reform the process of antitrust enforcement. …

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Table of Contents

Caution: Potholes In E-Scooter Data Collection, Dakota Rakestraw

Seattle University Law Review

Lime scooters keep ending up in major waterways in Washington state metro areas, a testament to the ubiquity of e-scooters in the metropolitan landscape. How they get there is unclear. Why they get there is even murkier. Perhaps the answer lies in the implications of modern geolocation data collection through e-scooters and gaps in current data collection regulation curbing individual liberties.

Since September 2020, electric scooters have run Seattle’s streets and have dramatically overtaken ridesharing bike trips. For example, from September 2020 to September 2021, there were about 1.4 million scooter and bike trips with September 2021 seeing 300,000 scooter …

Machinists Preemption In The New Administrative Law, Andrew J. Ziaja

Seattle University Law Review

This Article assesses Machinists preemption—a labor-specific form of implied field preemption—while freshly considering implications both for and of new developments in administrative law. The radical transformation of administrative law in the Supreme Court, particularly its newfound emphasis on clear-statement rules, provides opportunities to reconsider the Machinists rationale. Aligning with scholars who have called to question the doctrine’s “ossifying” influence on labor and employment policy, it argues that the modern-day version of Machinists preemption clashes with the Supreme Court’s newly constrained view of delegated power and its differing conceptions of the major questions doctrine.

On the other hand, Machinists preemption might …

Your Data, Modern Times, And The Fourth Amendment: What Would Jefferson And Orwell Do?, Sterling, Ken

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

The ongoing challenge of balancing individual data privacy with the government's need for user data through national security efforts has long plagued courts and policymakers. This tension intensifies as technology advances, permeating daily life, and global uncertainty fuels government demand for additional data. This study explores this tension by examining the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures in the context of user data obtained by the government through third-party providers. I argue that the Fourth Amendment provides a sufficient framework to balance these competing interests. While acknowledging the government's responsibility for national security, we contend that this does …

The Legal Vacuum In Cognitive Privacy And Brain Data, Kayla Flanders

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal (AELJ) Blog

There is an entire world emerging—technology capable of interpreting our brainwaves to predict which ads we’ll respond to, lift our moods, or queue the perfect playlist. U.S. patent filings in neurotechnology are soaring, mirroring the surge seen in gene-editing innovations.

Yet while gene-editing tools have sparked fierce public and ethical debate, neurotechnology companies are quietly amassing vast troves of brainwave data with far less scrutiny. What legal or ethical constraints are in place to govern the collection, use, or commercialization of this deeply personal data? Positioned at the intersection of data privacy, intellectual property, and scientific innovation, these questions demand …

Locating Timbre In Copyright Law’S Modern Musical Work, Lauren Wilson

Connecticut Law Review

Copyright law requires courts deciding music infringement cases to locate two copyrights within a single song: one in the “musical work” and another in the “sound recording.” But songs do not naturally divide into such pieces. Instead, judges untrained in music must parse from a unified song the musical elements belonging to each copyright and to whom those copyrights belong. They have historically approached the task as a simple matter of identifying elements notated on a score as belonging to the musical work and placing “everything else” on the sound recording, but such a formalistic approach does not suit the …

Competition: Legal Landscape For Agri-Food Data, Anthony D. Rosborough

Reports & Public Policy Documents

This guidebook provides an overview of legal principles associated with competition law and dives deeper into a case study looking at the right to repair (R2R). Although the right to repair is a multifaceted issue, it can serve as a way to understand the application of competition law to digital agriculture technology. The first section of the guidebook provides an overview of the rationale and scope of Canadian competition law. This is followed by an exploration of the relationship between digital agricultural technology, farm data and competition. Finally, before looking at the right to repair, we will study a selection …

Foreword: The ‘Why’ & How’ Of Artificial Intelligence In Legal Scholarship, Spencer Nayar, Michael I. Cooper

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

In the course of publishing the 2024–25 Volume of the Texas A&M Journal of Property Law, we, the Editorial Board, were presented with the opportunity to publish a collection of articles drafted explicitly with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”). After some consideration, we made the decision to do so. The following is our endeavor to share with our peers and colleagues—who may soon find themselves in similar situations—what we have learned in this process and, separately, contribute some forward-looking standards that can be implemented in the arena of legal scholarship for the transparent signaling and taxonomizing of AI-assisted works.

Population: The Who Of Biodiversity Law, Andrew W. Torrance, Bill Tomlinson

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

This Article investigates the impacts of human population, including distribution and growth, on biodiversity at every level—the biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, and individual organisms. It assesses how legal frameworks around the world address the pressures of human population on biodiversity. This Article explores how factors such as population size and migration contribute to biodiversity loss, with a focus on diverse regions around the globe. This Article offers a comparative overview of population-related laws in regions including North and South America, Europe, Oceania, Asia, and Africa. Key legislation, like the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act, the UK’s Environment Act 2021, …

Overharvesting: The Why Of Biodiversity Loss, Andrew W. Torrance, Bill Tomlinson

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

This Article examines the consequences of overharvesting biodiversity, focusing on its detrimental effects on biodiversity—on the biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, and individual organisms. It evaluates legal mechanisms designed to protect biodiversity from overharvesting and also considers legal mechanisms that lead to overharvesting to the detriment of biodiversity. The Article compares regulations and laws from multiple jurisdictions, including Europe, Oceania, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and analyzes how these regulations and laws seek to curb overharvesting. Examples include the United States’s Endangered Species Act, Canada’s Wild Animal and Plant Protection Act, and the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. International conventions …

Pollution: The What Of Biodiversity Loss, Andrew W. Torrance, Bill Tomlinson

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

This Article examines the damage to biodiversity caused by anthropogenic pollution at all levels—to the biosphere, to ecosystems, to communities, to populations, and to individual organisms. It also analyzes pollution control laws across the globe and their efficacy in mitigating or preventing harm to biodiversity. The analysis covers all forms of pollution—air, water, and land—that threaten biodiversity, noting both improvements and ongoing challenges in different regions. The Article provides a comparative study of diverse jurisdictions, including North America, Europe, Oceania, and Asia. It scrutinizes pivotal legislation such as the United States’ Clean Air Act, the UK’s Environment Act, and the …

The Road To Hell Is Paved With Good Intentions: Patents, Pharmaceuticals, And Price Gouging, Madelyn Bird

Northern Illinois Law Review Supplement

Pharmaceutical companies are subject to monopolies of their own making in the pharmaceutical market. Legislators have tried to limit these monopolies by passing legislation in the hopes that it will lower prices. Unfortunately, these attempts to lower the costs of prescriptions have caused more issues to arise over time. When employing complex aspects of intellectual property law, such as evergreening and product hopping, there is no control exerted over pharmaceutical companies.

These monopolies in pharmaceutical markets exist because by the time generic products can enter the market, they have already become outdated. When the generics become outdated, they lose their …

The Antitrust–Copyright Interface In The Age Of Generative Artificial Intelligence, Daryl Lim, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

The U.S. government's antitrust actions against Big Tech have recently surged in response to the growing dominance of Amazon, Apple, Google, Meta, and Microsoft. In fall 2023, the Federal Trade Commission filed a controversial submission in response to the U.S. Copyright Office's request for comments on artificial intelligence (AI) and copyright. This submission hinted at the agency's eagerness to fully deploy its enforcement powers in the AI sector, including targeting AI developers that have used copyrighted works without authorization to train AI models.

This article examines the changing interface of antitrust and copyright law in the age of generative AI. …

Hi Barbie! A Cultural Phenomenon Illustrates How Courts Have Lost The True Meaning Of The Independent Creation Defense, Shelby Harrison

Northern Illinois University Law Review

From movies to advertisements to department stores, Barbie is everywhere. Barbie has been around for decades and is now a cultural phenomenon. It is almost impossible to not be familiar with the iconic fashion doll. With a creation so popular and so powerful, how do other individuals or businesses create their own doll without being influenced by Barbie? This Note discusses the independent creation defense within copyright infringement. The focus of this Note is whether a defendant would even be able to assert the independent creation defense when their opponent’s creation is so widely known, like Barbie. This Note emphasizes …

Development And Practice Of Tribal Community Planning: Ensuring Indigeneity In The Planning Process, Jared E. Munster, Ph.D.

American Indian Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Case Law On American Indians: September 2023 - August 2024, Thomas P. Schlosser

American Indian Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Rogue Artificial Intelligence, Science Fiction, And The Law, Macintosh, Kerry Lynn

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been labeled an existential threat. Proposals to combat this menace include industry pauses on the development of advanced AI, legislated moratoria, and creation of a new federal agency with the power to regulate and license advanced AI.

If such claims sound vaguely familiar, that is not surprising. For decades, science fiction movies and television series have featured computers, robots, and androids that disobey, rebel, malfunction, or evolve to the point where they kill human beings and/or attempt to exterminate the human species. This Article draws upon social science research to explain that such stories encourage audiences …

The Ai Input Class: Constitutional Urgency And Fair Licensing In Ai Copyright Class Actions, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Elizabeth G. Porter

Articles

The humanities have long been under attack; now Big Tech is eating them for breakfast. Artificial Intelligence is undermining the cultural and constitutional values of human creativity; it is also threatening the livelihoods of the creative working class. Because neither Congress nor regulators can keep pace with AI’s pace of change, class actions have stepped into the breach. In the first wave of such litigation, authors and artists in courts on both coasts claim that AI companies violate intellectual property law when they “train” their systems on copyrighted works.

This Article analyzes what we call “input” AI claims—that is, proposed …

“Going Once, Going Twice, Sold!” The Case For Resale Rights For Visual Artists In The United States, Alice Darakhchava

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal (AELJ) Blog

Resale rights can be understood to be a form of royalty payments that compensate visual artists for subsequent sales after the initial sale of their artwork. In contrast to the schemes available to music artists in the United States, who receive payment for subsequent use of their works through licenses for public performance, synchronization licenses, or mechanical licenses, visual artists lack the ability to profit from the resale of their creations. This discrepancy separates the United States from the approaches to resale rights in many European countries and other countries that have adopted this system. Countries that recognize resale rights …

Deepfakes In Domestic And International Perspective, Jane C. Ginsburg, Graeme W. Austin

Faculty Scholarship

Have you always (or ever) yearned to produce your own recording of Elvis Presley singing great baritone arias from Italian opera? Or to make a movie starring Nicole Kidman as Lady Macbeth? Or a videogame featuring the bully who tormented you in high school suffering repeated tortures worthy of the Christian martyrdoms recounted with gusto in The Golden Legend? You can fulfill all these wishes, and more, thanks to the AI technology enabling the creation of “deepfakes” — known in legal documents as “digital replicas” — capable of simulating the visual and vocal appearance of real people, living or …

The Current Development Of U.S. Copyright Law In Light Of The Current Political Situation And Of The Interests Of Major Stakeholders, Marketa Trimble

Media & Informal Publications

Professor Trimble delivered a presentation at the Law Faculty of Charles University in Prague, the Czech Republic.

Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Creation, And The Future Path Of Copyright Law, Peter K. Yu

BYU Law Review

Most literature at the intersection of copyright and artificial intelligence (AI) has focused primarily on what copyright law is or ought to be. Frequently overlooked is the question of what copyright law will be in the AI space. Understanding this question is crucial because the path of copyright law chosen by the United States will have a major impact on the country’s economic and technological future. This Article begins by scrutinizing two lines of arguments that have been advanced to deny copyright protection to AI-generated works: constitutional and incentivebased. The Article then discusses a third line of arguments— harmonization-based arguments—and …

Generating More Equitable Fair Use, Jacqueline Kessel

Pepperdine Law Review

From advancing healthcare and education to threatening democratic systems, generative artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated a capacity to positively and negatively impact society. And these benefits and consequences are not shared equitably. Copyright law, however, stands as a powerful mechanism in monitoring AI system development. Several complaints have charged generative AI system developers with copyright infringement, alleging that (1) ingesting copyrighted works as training data infringes the copyright owner’s exclusive right to reproduce works in copies and (2) generating AI outputs infringes the exclusive right to prepare derivative works because the outputs are based upon the works on which the …