Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Bioactive Materials, D. E. Day, Erik M. Erbe, Marina Richard, Joshua A. Wojcik

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Bioactive substantially silica-free glass material with a hydroxyapatite layer thereon is described, as well as methods for producing hydroxyapatite on a borate glass.

Monotonic, Creep-Rupture, And Fatigue Behavior Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/Sic) At An Elevated Temperature, John M. Engesser

Theses and Dissertations

The main objective of this research effort was to examine the impact that cyclic loading frequency has on the life of a C/SiC composite at an elevated temperature of 550°C. Cyclic loading of C/SiC was investigated at frequencies of 375 Hz, 10 Hz, 1 Hz, and 0.1 Hz. Creep-Rupture tests and tests that were combinations of creep-rupture and fatigue were also accomplished. A monotonic tensile test was performed at 550°C and compared to a room temperature monotonic test. This study showed that an elevated temperature of 550°C has very little effect on the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of C/SiC. The …

Method Of Making Wood-Based Composite Board, Laurent Malanda Matuana, Julia A. King

Michigan Tech Patents

A wood composite board or panel, such as particleboard, fiberboard, oriented strand board or waferboard and a method of producing the same. The composite board or panel comprises a plurality of wood pieces, thermoset resin to bind the wood pieces and a filler having a high thermal conductivity. Examples of such a filler include natural and synthetic graphites, metal, carbon, silicon carbide and other similar compounds and their mixtures.

Optical Characterization And Modeling Of Compositionally Matched Indium Arsenide-Antimonide Bulk And Multiple Quantum Well Semiconductors, Scott C. Phillips

Theses and Dissertations

Indium arsenide-antimonide (InAsSb) semiconductors have been determined to emit in the 3-5 micrometer range, the window of interest for countermeasures against infrared electro-optical threats. This experiment set out to cross the bulk to quantum well characterization barrier by optically characterizing two sets of compositionally matched type I quantum well and bulk well material samples. Absorption measurements determined the band gap energy of the bulk samples and the first allowed subband transition for the quantum wells. By collecting absorption spectra at different temperatures, the trend of the energy transitions was described by fitting a Varshni equation to them. The expected result …

Annealing-Induced Full Amorphization In A Multicomponent Metallic Film, J. P. Chu, C. T. Liu, T. Mahalingam, S. F. Wang, Matthew O'Keefe, Benedict Y. Johnson, C. H. Kuo

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present direct experimental evidence that controllable amorphization and nanocrystallization during annealing of metastable films could serve as a precursor for exciting nanomaterials. The interesting discovery is that certain sputtered crystalline films become completely amorphous when annealed in the temperature range between the glass temperature and the crystallization temperature. Unlike other metallic glassy materials that exhibit annealing-induced devitrification, our good glass-forming films are transformed into various nanoscale and amorphous structures due to the annealing process. The formation of an amorphous phase gives rise to notable alterations in the electrical and mechanical properties of the film.

Continue Stress Corrosion Cracking/ Electrochemical Testing And Model Support, L. G. Mcmillion, K. S. Raja, S. Namjoshi, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

The work reported here is focused on measuring values for various model parameters for the General Corrosion Model (GCM). The objective of the UNR work is to obtain the parameter values under Quality Assurance protocols, so that the data can be incorporated into models that might be used to address licensing issues, for example. The derived kinetic parameters may be used in models for predicting the accumulation of general and localized corrosion damage to Alloy-22 canisters over the 10,000-year lifetime of the YM repository. The work focuses on obtaining data of the highest possible accuracy to derive kinetic parameters for …

Experimental And Computational Analysis Of Modes In A Partially Constrained Plate, Robert M. Vandawaker

Theses and Dissertations

The field of structural health monitoring (SHM) attempts to reduce labor and cost by allowing technicians to monitor selected properties of an aircraft's structure to detect impending failure. This research examines methods to detect damage to a thermal protection system (TPS) tile using representative 2024-T3 aluminum plates. Plates are subjected to modal analysis in single and joined conditions in an attempt to provide the capability of sensing damage to a tile on the surface of a vehicle while the sensors remain on the superstructure of the airframe. Jointly, the development of a means to model the system using finite element …

Stress Corrosion Cracking Studies, K. S. Raja, S. Namjoshi, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

This document reports on the activities for Task 17 of the U.S. DOE/UCCSN Cooperative Agreement Number DE-FC28-98NV12081. There are three subtasks in this Task, the experimental results, discussions, and conclusions of which are presented in the following sections. Data Sources and Electronic Data Control The Data Identification numbers for the data, graphs, and tables in this report, as submitted to the Data Management Database, are tabulated below. The table also includes the source files for the said data as well as the corresponding scientific notebooks where the data can be found. All data in the Q section of the report …

The Evaluation Of The Damping Characteristics Of A Hard Coating On Titanium, Christopher M. Blackwell

Theses and Dissertations

Engine failures due to fatigue have cost the Air Force an estimated $400 million dollars per year over the past two decades (Garrison, 2001). Damping treatments capable of reducing the internal stresses of fan and turbine blades to levels where fatigue is less likely to occur have the potential for reducing cost while enhancing reliability. This research evaluates the damping characteristics of magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO+Al₂O₃, (mag spinel) on titanium plates. The material and aspect ratio were chosen to approximate the low aspect ratio blades found in military gas turbine fans. The plates were tested with …

Modeling Corrosion In Oxygen Controlled Lbe Systems With Coupling Of Chemical Kinetics And Hydrodynamics-Task V: First Quarterly Report 01/12/04-02/29/04, Samir Moujaes, Yitung Chen

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

The Lead-Bismuth eutectic (LBE) has been determined from previous experimental studies by the Russians and the European scientific community to be a potential material that can be used as a spallation target and coolant for the TRP proposed application. Properly controlling the oxygen content in LBE can drastically reduce the LBE corrosion to structural steels. However, existing knowledge of material corrosion performance was obtained from point-wise testing with only very sparse experimental data. Scientists have noticed that the concentration of oxygen dissolved in the liquid alloy could control the corrosion rate of steels exposed to Pb or Pb-Bi. At high …

Template Synthesis Of Highly Ordered Monocrystalline Metal Nanowire Arrays By A Two-Step Ac Electrodeposition, Juan Xiang, Jing-Hua Tian, Zi-Mian Ni, Zhi-Feng Huang, Bo Liu, Zhong-Qun Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

The monocrystalline metal nanowire arrays were prepared by using a two-step AC electrodeposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The growth mechanism of nanowires was discussed. As a result, it has been found that the second voltage pulse has a considerable effect on the pore-filling ratio, the uniformity and the crystal structure, whereas the initial voltage pulse affects only the pore-filling ratio. Using the two-step AC electrodeposition, a highly ordered monocrystalline metal nanowire arrays with a pore-filling ration above 95% can be easily obtained.

An Electrochemical Study Of The Effects Of Chelating Agents And Additives On Electroless Copper Plating, Xin Gu, Zhou-Cheng Wang, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this study, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na₂EDTA), triethanolamine(TEA), and 2,2′-dipyridine were adopted as chelating agents or additives in the electrolyte for electroless copper plating, and formaldehyde (HCHO) was as the reducting agent. Linear sweep voltammetry was applied to analyze the polarization behavior. The peak current of formaldehyde oxidation which increased by the addition of 2,2′-dipyridine is beneficial to formaldehyde oxidation in a specific range of concentration, While TEA decreased the peak current of formaldehyde oxidation. Two cathodic peaks due to copper(Ⅱ)reduction of TEA chelatation and copper(Ⅱ)reduction of EDTA chelatation were examined. EDTA increased the reduction peak current …

Study On Determination Of Iodine Ion At Chitosan Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode, Bin Liu, Xiang-Ying Sun, Jin-Rui Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, a chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by the method of covalent-bond reaction, and the anodic stripping voltammetric characteristics of iodine on the modified electrode was studied. The results showed that the modified electrode has higher adsorption and selectivity for I^- , and the sensitivity for I^-  has been much improved in 0.1 mol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄ solution (pH=4.0). The anodic stripping peak current of I^- on the modified electrode varied linearly with I^-  concentration in the range of 2.0×10^-6～2.0×10^-3 mol·L^-1, and the detection limit …

Substrates Made By Electrodeposition For Measuring Electrical Properties Of One Dimensional Nanomaterials, Jin-Xuan Liu, Juan Xiang, Zhong-Qun Tian, Bing-Wei Mao

Journal of Electrochemistry

A method to prepare alternating conducting/insulating substrates by electrodeposition-oxidation was established to facilitate I-E measurements of one-dimensional nanomaterial by CT-AFM. The prepared Au/CuO and HOPG/CuO substrates showed low roughness as well as high uniformity of the alternating conducting/insulating structure, Qualitative I-E measurements were performed on a single carbon nanotube attached to the two above-mentioned substrates, both showing metallic characteristics at room temperature and in air.

Studies On The Mechanism Of Electroreduction Of Oxalic Acid, Yu-Zhan Li, Xin Liu, Rui-Sheng Hu, Deng-Ping Gu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electroreduction mechanism of oxalic acid on Pb electrode in Na₂SO₄ solution were investigated using high scan rate cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The dynamic parameters for the first step electron transter reaction of oxalic acid electroreduction by were determined. The corresponding reduction peak potentials of oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid and glycolic acid in the cyclic voltammogranis obtained in the same condition were compared, and the intermediate reduction products of oxalic acid were suggested. The results showed that oxalic acid is weakly absorbed on the lead electrode.

Preparation, Structure And Electrochemical Hydrogenation Of Carbon Nanotubes Supported Platinum Catalysts, Qing-Gang He, Xiao-Zi Yuan, Xian-Xia Yuan, Zi-Feng Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, Pt/CNTs catalyst was prepared and its electrocatalytic property was studied by obtaining cycling voltammetry curves (C-V) and Tafel curves. In addition, the XRD,XPS and TEM tests were carried out to determine the structure and composition of the catalysts. It can be found that the platinum loading has been increased significantly using a carbon nanotubes support. Dispersion of Platinum was better and gave more active sites. The electrochemical characteristic of Pt/CNTs was also more desirable than that of Pt/C catalys t(Johnson Matthey). In conclusion, carbon nanotubes can played a conspicuous role in "electrogenerative" processes of PEMFC hydrogenation reactor.

The Interaction In Doping Lithium Of Carbonaneous Anode In Lithium Ion Battery, Chang-Guo Chen, Hong-Min Zhang, Jia Chen, Dan-Mei Yu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The quantum chemical DV-X_α method was used to calculate the lithium-doped models from one-Li-dopant to LiC₆ and LiC₂. It was found that Li⁺ has an tendency to attract electrons from the carbon plane through the C₆ hexagons lying above or below it by the graph of charge-density difference. It was shown that LiC₆ can exist steadily,while LiC₂ can not exist steadily.

Formation And Characterization Of Water-Repellent Nano Tio2 Coating And Studying Its Anticorrosion Property, Guang-Xia Shen, Yi-Cong Chen, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

Using ethyl acetoacetate (EAcAc) as a chelating agent, ultra fine TiO₂ sol is prepared. Nano-TiO₂ coatings are deposited on the 316L stainless steel by the dip-coating. Hydrothermal post-treatment leads to crack-free coatings. Meanwhile, the surface struture and properties was optimized. Self-assembly of Hetadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FSA-13) fabricates hydrophobic layers on the surface of the nano-TiO₂ coatings. Particle sizes of TiO₂ sol was analysed by zeta pals potential analysis, and surface morphology, structure and properties was characterized by contract angle instrument, XRD, and SEM technologies. The results have shown that the surface of coatings is porous, with approx. 375 …

Study Of Electrochemical Properties Of The Hydride Alloy Electrode Zrcr0.4Mn0.2V0.1Co0.1Ni1.2 At High Temperature, Song Li, Shi-Jun Ji, Jun-Cai Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical properties of the hydride alloy electrode ZrCr_0.4Mn_0.2V_0.1Co_0.1Ni_1.2 at the different temperature have been investigated. The results showed that the alloy electrodes possessed the maximum discharge capacities 336 mAh/g and 298 mAh/g at 25 ℃ and 70 ℃ respectively. The activation process of the alloy at 70 ℃ became faster, and the alloy reached its maximum capacity in less than 4 cycles, while in 13 cycles at 25 ℃. The high rate capability increased from 55 % at 25 ℃ to 71% at 70 ℃ at 300 mA/g. It was worth …

Electrochemical Synthesis Of Ferrate(Vi) By Anodic Oxidation, Jia-Ju Xu, Jian-Ming Wang, Wei-Hua Yang, Cheng Chen, Jian-Qing Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The ferrate(Ⅵ) was synthesized by electrochemical anodic oxidation. The effects of preparation conditions on the current yield of ferrate(VI) synthesis have been studied in this work. The experimental results showed that grey cast iron as an anodic material is suitable for electrochemical synthesis and NaOH solution as an electrolyte results in a higher current yield than KOH solution. The highest current yield was obtained at a current density (4.54) mA·cm^-2, temperature 20 ℃ and 14 mol·dm^-3 NaOH. In this case, a current yield of 68.5% was obtained by electrolysis for 1 h.

Electrochemical Character Of Water Containing Gel Electrolyte And Its Preliminary Examination In Lithium Water Cell, Jing-Dong Liu, Wen-Ji Wang, Xin-Zheng Yi

Journal of Electrochemistry

AC impedance technique has been used to characterize the system of poly(methyl acrylic acid)-poly(methyl acrylic lithiumate)-glycerol (referred to as GPE).The results showed that the conductivity of GPE increased with increasing both temperature and its water content.The glass transition temperature of GPE polymer could be lowered by water. Its conducting characteristic was just like liquid electrolyte,The electrolysis of GPE was almost the same as the electrolysis of water. Its composition voltage was about 1.50V. The GPE has been used to manufacture lithium water cell. When the graphite was used as cathode, the cell could discharge continuously for 2 hours under constant …

Progress In Research For Biofuel Cell, Yue Bao, Xia-Qin Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this article, research progresses of the biofuel cell in recent years were summarized. The operation principle and classification of the biofuel cells were described. The role of the mediator for promoting electron transfer in biofuel cells and the techniques for improving the electric properties of biofuel cells, such as output potential, were discussed with some attracting research instances. Finally, the choke points for research of biofuel cell were explored, and the application prospect of biofuel cells was forecasted.

Electrodeposition Nanolaminated Growth Of Zinc, Ying Cao, Tian-Hui Shen, Jing-Yuan Yao, Gui-Fu Ding

Journal of Electrochemistry

Nanolaminated growth of the electrodeposition of zinc was studied. The structure and size of crystalline in zinc coatings were investigated by using FEG-TEM and XRD. The corrosion tests of the zinc deposition and the Coatings-Neutral salt spray test were performed, the capability in corrosion resistance of the nanolaminated growth was better than that of others.

Optical Characterization Of Ceramic Thin Films: Applications In Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Materials Research, Vladimir Petrovsky, Tatiana Petrovsky, Harlan U. Anderson, Brian P. Gorman

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Characterization of thin film solid oxide fuel-cell materials can be difficult due to the range of porosities in electrodes and electrolytes as well as the nano-sized pores and particles. In this study, optical characterization techniques such as ultraviolet-visible transmission and reflection spectrophotometry are illustrated as methods for achieving information about the film density from the film refractive index as well as the film thickness. These techniques were used to investigate the sintering process of colloidal CeO2 on sapphire substrates and polymeric precursor-derived ZrO2:16%Y (YSZ) thin films on silicon over the temperature range 400-1000 °C, and the results were compared with …

Durability And Stability Of Briquetting From Solid Agricultural Wastes, Ishaq Oladapo Adeleke

Archived Theses and Dissertations

This study is concerned with the transformation of agricultural wastes into useful solid form of energy known as briquettes. Being agricultural in nature, Egypt disposes huge quantities in adhoc manner resulting in economic loss and adverse environmental consequences. This improved form of agricultural waste eases utilization and storage. Two major parameters -residue size and processing conditions- were investigated. Bagasse-mudcake mixture, cotton stalk, rice straw and com stalk are the residues studied for briquetting. Since stable and durable briquettes are important qualities density and strength of the formed briquettes are calculated as measures of stability and durability. The problem is too …

A Micromachined Thermo-Optical Light Modulator Based On Semiconductor-To-Metal Phase Transition, Lijun Jiang

Dissertations

In this research, a micromachined thermo-optical light modulator was realized based on the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO₂) thin film. VO₂ undergoes a reversible phase transition at approximately 68 0C, which is accompanied with drastic changes in its electrical and optical properties. The sharp electrical resistivity change can be as great as five orders. Optically, VO₂ film will switch from a transparent semiconductor phase to a reflective metal phase upon the phase transition. The light modulator in this research exploits this phase transition related optical switching by using surface micromachined low-thermal-mass pixels to achieve …

Reactive Modification Of Polyesters And Their Blends, Chen Wan

Dissertations

As part of a broader research effort to investigate the chemical modification of polyesters by reactive processing a low molecular weight (MW) unsaturated polyester (UP) and a higher MW saturated polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), alone or blended with polypropylene (PP) were melt processed in a batch mixer and continuous twin screw extruders. Modification was monitored by on-line rheology and the products were characterized primarily by off-line rheology, morphology and thermal analysis. Efforts were made to establish processing/property relationships and provide an insight of the accompanying structural changes. The overall response of the reactively modified systems was found to be strongly …

Fabrication And Characterization Of Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells, Liwei Li

Dissertations

In this study, single junction p-i-n μc-Si:H solar cells were prepared using plasma of silane diluted by hydrogen in a low-cost, single chamber, non-load-locked RF-PECVD system. Direct structural characterization of μc-Si:H solar cells, rather than stand-alone films, was conducted using Raman Spectroscopy, XRD, and AFM. Strong correlations among device deposition, i-layer structural properties, and device performance have been established. With such correlations, critical issues in fabricating low-cost, large-scale, high performance μc-Si:H solar cells were identified.

The critical importance of seeding processes in determining the microstructure of μc-Si:H i-layers and performance of μc-Si:H solar cells has been demonstrated. Using …

Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Polymeric Films, Chi Yu

Theses

Poly-peri-naphthalene (PPN) is a one-dimensional (1 -D) graphite polymer with unique planar ladder-like conjugated molecular structure. PPN was predicted to be a good intrinsic conductor and have high thermal stability and high environmental stability.

In this project, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of carbon films with PPN structure using PTCDA as precursor were carried out under different conditions. There is only limited information in literature on the synthesis of PPN films by PECVD process, which may allow deposition at a higher rate with lower substrate temperature. In this work the influence of deposition parameters, …

Simultaneous Heat And Mass Transfer To A Liquid Through Two Separated Interfaces, Ku-Il Park

Theses

The oxygenator is the main element of a heart-lung machine, which takes over the work of the lungs (adding oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from the blood) during an operation. Oxygenators function by passing oxygen through a hollow fiber (straw-like fiber), where blood gases are exchanged via tiny pores in the fiber walls. In this study, a fiber-in-fiber technology was used to design a temperature controlled blood oxygenator membrane module. A Celgard® X-10 hollow fiber was put through the lumen of a polypropylene hollow fiber having a solid wall. Both fibers are made of polypropylene and are waterproof due …