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Articles 61 - 90 of 164
Full-Text Articles in Civil Engineering
Impact Of Channel Conditions On Existing Scour Measuring Instruments, Md Nasimul Hoque Chowdhury
Impact Of Channel Conditions On Existing Scour Measuring Instruments, Md Nasimul Hoque Chowdhury
All Theses
Scour around bridge piers and abutments, is the prominent reason for bridge failures. Bridge failures have substantial effects on economy and human lives. About 60% of the total bridge failures in U.S. can be attributed to scour. In the past, scour has been responsible for several million dollars in bridge repair cost. Given the threat to the bridge infrastructure due to scour, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration has proposed several countermeasures to reduce the impact of bed degradation. One of these countermeasures that is particularly relevant during peak flow periods is the real-time scour monitoring. Scour monitoring involves real-time data …
Application Of Parameter Estimation And Calibration Method For Car-Following Models, Md Rahman
Application Of Parameter Estimation And Calibration Method For Car-Following Models, Md Rahman
All Theses
Both safety and the capacity of the roadway system are highly dependent on the car-following characteristics of drivers. Car-following theory describes the driver behavior of vehicles following other vehicles in a traffic stream. In the last few decades, many car-following models have been developed; however, studies are still needed to improve their accuracy and reliability.
Car-following models are a vital component of traffic simulation tools that attempt to mimic driver behavior in the real world. Microscopic traffic simulators, particularly car-following models, have been extensively used in current traffic engineering studies and safety research. These models are a vital component of …
Corrosion Activity In Precast Concrete Elements And Cementitious Closure Pours, Shabi Abbas Udaipurwala
Corrosion Activity In Precast Concrete Elements And Cementitious Closure Pours, Shabi Abbas Udaipurwala
All Theses
The use of prefabricated elements in the construction of highway bridges has been a common practice in the United States since 1950s. Precast concrete adjacent box beam girder bridges are quite popular given that the precast elements not only have structural capacity to span across the supports, but also form the bridge deck. These bridges have generally performed well during the initial years after construction, but recent failures in Pennsylvania and Indiana have aroused a nationwide alarm to investigate the causes of failure and find solutions to repair these bridges or develop design for new replacement bridges. It was found …
A Methodology For Designing Pervious Bicycle Lanes For Stormwater Management, Donald West Iii
A Methodology For Designing Pervious Bicycle Lanes For Stormwater Management, Donald West Iii
All Theses
Bicycles have proven to be an efficient and reliable form of transportation in urban settings. Therefore, the addition of bicycle lanes into the transportation network could significantly impact and improve the sustainability of our infrastructure by reducing greenhouse emissions and improving the health of individuals who cycle on a regular basis. Pervious pavements are an approved (LID) strategy that could potentially be used to construct these new facilities thereby reducing the quantity of stormwater runoff and improving the water quality. Practicing engineers need both a design aid and research supported methods for designing these improvements before they can be fully …
Noise-Insensitive Prognostic Evaluation Of Historic Masonry Structures, Ashley Haydock
Noise-Insensitive Prognostic Evaluation Of Historic Masonry Structures, Ashley Haydock
All Theses
In recent years, a significant amount of research has been directed towards the development of prognostic methodologies to forecast the future health state of an engineering system assisting condition based maintenance. These prognostic methods, having furthered the maintenance practices for mechanical systems, have yet to be applied to historic masonry structures, many of which stand in an aged and degraded state. Implementation of prognostic methodologies to historic masonry structures can advance the planning of successful conservation and restoration efforts, ultimately prolonging the life of these heritage structures. This thesis presents a review of prognostic concepts and techniques available in the …
Quantifying Annual Bridge Cost By Overweight Trucks In South Carolina, Linbo Chen
Quantifying Annual Bridge Cost By Overweight Trucks In South Carolina, Linbo Chen
All Theses
With the economic development in recent decades, more trucks including overweight trucks are operating on the highways. As a result, many bridges are expected to carry more loads than they did in previous years. The impact of overweight trucks on existing bridges has been an urgent concern for the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT). There is a pressing need to quantify the annual bridge cost in South Carolina caused by trucks and, in particular, overweight trucks so that the SCDOT and the state legislators can determine the appropriate fee structure for operating overweight trucks. This research focused on quantifying …
The Hydraulic Performance Of Perforated Pipe Under-Drains Surrounded By Loose Aggregate, Patrick Murphy
The Hydraulic Performance Of Perforated Pipe Under-Drains Surrounded By Loose Aggregate, Patrick Murphy
All Theses
Perforated pipes are commonly used in the construction industry for subsurface drains. These subsurface drains are installed to intercept and convey infiltrated runoff or groundwater. One common application of perforated pipe is to provide an under-drain for an infiltration trench or porous pavement best management practice (BMP). Perforated pipe is installed into a trench on a bed of aggregate ranging from 0 to 28 cm thick and, depending on the design objective, is laid flat or on a slope. However, the actual hydraulic performance of these pipes, i.e. the stage storage relationship, is poorly understood. The resulting flow is quite …
Numerical Study Of The Structural Performance Of Large Panelized All-Wood Roof Diaphragms, Sami Pant
Numerical Study Of The Structural Performance Of Large Panelized All-Wood Roof Diaphragms, Sami Pant
All Theses
The use of flexible roof diaphragms is very common in the United States, both for multi-family residential buildings and large-scale commercial buildings. Due to its simplicity, the traditional diaphragm design method is commonly used in diaphragm design, in particular for the design of diaphragms with relatively small dimensions. The traditional diaphragm design method assumes the axial forces developed in framing members under in-plane loading carried only by the perimeter chords. The traditional diaphragm design method has always been thought to be a conservative design method, especially when applied to large diaphragms. In recent years, the engineering community began to question …
College Level Residential Building Code Education: Current Status And Best Practice, Earl Shealy
College Level Residential Building Code Education: Current Status And Best Practice, Earl Shealy
All Theses
Community destruction and loss of life due to residential building code (RBC) violations still occur too frequently. Increasing RBC enforcement is often not possible due to lack of funds and resources. Teaching RBC to college-level construction students is another way to encourage greater code compliance and enhanced community resilience. This research assesses the current status of RBC education in accredited construction programs, identifies academic and industry perspectives of RBC education, and constructs 'best practice' RBC teaching strategies.
A mix method, exploratory approach including three distinct phases explains the current phenomenon - RBC education emphasis within university curriculums. My research found …
An Error Quantification Methodology For Hurricane Storm Surge Simulations, Bin Pei
An Error Quantification Methodology For Hurricane Storm Surge Simulations, Bin Pei
All Theses
This thesis describes the development of a procedure to quantify errors in hurricane storm surge simulations using a decoupled wind-surge model. The state-of-the-art storm surge simulation program, ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation), and the Georgiou's wind field model were used to simulate the storm surge heights associated with 169 historical hurricanes from 1922 to 2011 along the coast of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. The storm surge modeling errors were quantified by comparing the measured to the simulated annual maximum surge heights at nine water level observation stations maintained by the Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). The simulated …
Analysis Of Energy Savings Through The Use Of Displacement Ventilation In Domestic Buildings, Patrick Daffin
Analysis Of Energy Savings Through The Use Of Displacement Ventilation In Domestic Buildings, Patrick Daffin
All Theses
This study investigates the conditions under which it might be possible to implement a displacement ventilation system in a residential building. An experimental study of the impact on a mechanical air conditioning system of the vertical location of the inlet and outlet vents was performed. The four ventilation configurations of low inlet high outlet, low inlet low outlet, high inlet high outlet, and high inlet low outlet were compared. These four configurations were compared under 13 different heat load scenarios in a full scale instrumented model room. It was found that, for higher heat loads, the low inlet high outlet …
In Situ Ground Freezing And Sampling Of A Pleistocene Sand Deposit In The South Carolina Coastal Plain, Michael Esposito Iii
In Situ Ground Freezing And Sampling Of A Pleistocene Sand Deposit In The South Carolina Coastal Plain, Michael Esposito Iii
All Theses
The procedures used to freeze and sample a Pleistocene sand deposit at the Coastal Research and Education Center near Charleston, South Carolina to preserve and study the effects of diagenesis are presented in this thesis. An initial feasibility study was conducted to target a layer of clean sand at the CREC site with little to no frost heave potential. To freeze the sand deposit, a ground freezing system with a central freezing pipe was installed to target a column of sand 1-m in radius and 2.3-m long. Liquid nitrogen was continuously supplied to the large steel freezing pipe, which was …
An Examination Of The Influence Of Cement Paste On Pervious Concrete Mixtures, Donald Singer
An Examination Of The Influence Of Cement Paste On Pervious Concrete Mixtures, Donald Singer
All Theses
Pervious concrete has many environmental benefits, but with these benefits come additional hurdles unseen in conventional concrete. The main focus of pervious concrete is the maintenance of the interconnected pore structure, leading to porosity values between 15 and 25%, while still developing adequate strength. Due to these inherent properties of pervious concrete, development of a systematic optimum mix design method is challenging. Currently, there is a need to develop a systematic optimum mix design for pervious concrete, but it has yet come to fruition. This research focuses on the influence of cement paste on the performance of pervious concrete, and …
3d Reconstruction For Post-Disaster Analysis Of Civil Infrastructure, Joshua Caron
3d Reconstruction For Post-Disaster Analysis Of Civil Infrastructure, Joshua Caron
All Theses
Following a natural disaster, there is a need to rapidly assess the safety of civil infrastructure. This job is typically undertaken by local governments with the help of volunteer civil engineers with structural expertise, as well as organizations such as Cal EMA and ASCE. However, the inspection process is labor-intensive and a bit tedious, and results are prone to error as they tend to rely on the individual expertise of the inspectors. 3D reconstruction stands to become a useful tool in the safety evaluation process, as well as providing valuable opportunities for forensic engineering. This research explores the application of …
Evaluation Of Rubber Modified Porous Asphalt Mixtures, Kimberly Lyons
Evaluation Of Rubber Modified Porous Asphalt Mixtures, Kimberly Lyons
All Theses
A porous pavement is a type of sustainable pavement that allows stormwater to infiltrate through the pavement into the natural soil bed. Rubber modified binder is the combination of regular asphalt binder mixed with ground crumb rubber, which is derived from used rubber tires by shredding or grinding the tires into small fragments. This research investigated the effects of rubber modified binder on the performance properties of porous asphalt mixtures, which include draindown, porosity, permeability, abrasion resistance, moisture susceptibility, and rutting resistance.
The addition of cellulose fibers has been used to increase the optimum binder content of porous asphalt mix …
Durability Of Reinforced Concrete Incorporating Crushed Waste Brick As Coarse Aggregate, Matthew Adamson
Durability Of Reinforced Concrete Incorporating Crushed Waste Brick As Coarse Aggregate, Matthew Adamson
All Theses
Using crushed bricks as aggregates in concrete is of particular interest to preserve natural aggregate sources as well as to reduce waste, as it has been estimated that 10% to 30% of all waste in landfills in the united States comes from construction and demolition wastes. By recycling some of these wastes, the sustainability of a project can be improved. However, it is important concrete incorporating these wastes is as durable or more durable then conventional concrete, or will it have a shorter service life. Durability of concrete is its ability to resist deterioration from its external environment such as …
A Laboratory Study Of Levee Scour From Overtopping Storm Waves And Protection For Robust Desgins, Earnest Johnson
A Laboratory Study Of Levee Scour From Overtopping Storm Waves And Protection For Robust Desgins, Earnest Johnson
All Theses
Levee failure due to scouring has been a prominent occurrence among intense storm surges and waves, giving rise to the implementation of various scour protection measures over the years. Several experiments were performed on a model levee on either bare levee soil or with a scour protection measure covering the soil. The purpose of this study is to breakdown the dynamics of levee scour due to overtopping waves and suggest efficient methods in reducing the amount of scour. The levee soil was made up of a sand-clay mixture and placed in a laboratory wave tank that created a constant wave …
Numerical And Reliability Analysis Of Gravity Cantilever Retaining Walls Backfilled With Shredded Tires Subjected To Seismic Loads, Eleanor Huggins
Numerical And Reliability Analysis Of Gravity Cantilever Retaining Walls Backfilled With Shredded Tires Subjected To Seismic Loads, Eleanor Huggins
All Theses
Shredded tires have been considered as a suitable alternative to conventional sand and gravel backfill materials as they offer benefits from their significantly lower unit weight, reductions in the cost of materials and construction, and because they utilize a common and potentially hazardous waste material. This research addresses some gaps in previous research in the implementation of shredded tires in this capacity by examining variation in material properties through a reliability analysis, developing an improved design technique for retaining walls tailored to shredded tire fills, and simulating how shredded tire backfill behaves in conjunction with retaining walls when subject to …
Load Carrying Capacity Assessment Of A Masonry Dome, Tun Li
Load Carrying Capacity Assessment Of A Masonry Dome, Tun Li
All Theses
This thesis first establishes a semi-empirical relationship to estimate the reduction in load carrying capacity of a masonry dome due to damage by exploiting deviations in the fundamental natural frequency. A macro finite element model of the dome is developed and calibrated using both non-destructive vibration measurements and destructive load-displacement measurements up to failure. The macro-model is then executed to simulate incremental development of cracks. The first natural frequency and remaining load carrying capacity of the dome are monitored to define a semi-empirical relationship, which is ultimately generalized for spherical domes with varying span-to-height ratios.
Subsequently, in order to numerically …
The Effect Of Granular Activated Carbon Pretreatment And Sand Pretreatment On Microfiltration Of Greywater, David Christopher
The Effect Of Granular Activated Carbon Pretreatment And Sand Pretreatment On Microfiltration Of Greywater, David Christopher
All Theses
Around the world, water scarcity is driving people to practice water reuse. One form of water reuse is the recycling of greywater, which is household wastewater excluding toilet waste. With adequate treatment, greywater may be recycled onsite for applications that do not require potable water, such as irrigation or toilet flushing. Membrane filtration (including microfiltration (MF)) is one option for greywater treatment. The small footprint, modular nature, and predictable performance of MF make it an attractive option. However, direct MF of greywater can lead to rapid membrane fouling. This thesis investigated two possible pretreatments for reducing membrane fouling and improving …
Deviations In Standard Aggregate Gradation And Its Affects On The Properties Of Portland Cement Concrete, Marcus Balitsaris
Deviations In Standard Aggregate Gradation And Its Affects On The Properties Of Portland Cement Concrete, Marcus Balitsaris
All Theses
Aggregate gradation is the particle size distribution of both the stone and sand present in the concrete matrix. It is an aggregate property that has been heavily researched for over a century but the effects of which on concrete properties is still somewhat misunderstood. Past research has revealed that aggregate gradation dictates the proportion of aggregate to cement paste in concrete, and can play a major variable that determines the overall durability of the construction material. Increasingly, aggregate in South Carolina are failing to meet the standard aggregate gradation for portland cement concrete, however, the effects of such failed aggregate …
Low Carbon Materials Management: A Case Study For The Clemson University Net Zero Energy House Project, Kelly Kruzner
Low Carbon Materials Management: A Case Study For The Clemson University Net Zero Energy House Project, Kelly Kruzner
All Theses
Materials management in the construction process is a method of controlling resources for a project. This includes the materials selection process, purchasing process, delivery process, and waste management process, which all constitute the materials management plan for the project. While many research projects suggest efforts to reduce overall project cost by managing materials more efficiently, few focus on materials management from a sustainability perspective. In 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published a report on Sustainable Materials Management: The Road Ahead, which details the importance of sustainable materials management practices. This project directly addresses a need defined in the EPA’s …
Development And Calibration Of Central Pressure Filling Rate Models For Hurricane Simulation, Fangqian Liu
Development And Calibration Of Central Pressure Filling Rate Models For Hurricane Simulation, Fangqian Liu
All Theses
This study presents the development of a new central pressure filling rate model to characterize the rate at which hurricanes or tropical storms decay after landfall. It has been shown that the post landfall decay rate of hurricanes is closely related to the time after landfall, the size of hurricane and proximity of the hurricane eye to the coastline. In addition, it has been observed that the decay rates of hurricanes are geographically dependent. Based on these observations, a set of simple empirical models expressed in
terms of exponential and linear equations are utilized to characterize the decay rate of …
Pozzolanic Properties Of Biomass Fly Ash, Robert Lowe
Pozzolanic Properties Of Biomass Fly Ash, Robert Lowe
All Theses
As biomass power production becomes more main stream, problems with waste disposal arise. Coal fly ash, a by-product of coal power production, has beneficial strength and durability properties when used as a cement replacement material. This study examined strength and durability characteristics of mortar and concrete samples containing biomass fly ash obtained from Craven County Wood Energy in North Carolina and examined methods of processing the material to enhance its pozzolanic characteristics.
The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the ash were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The compositions met the requirements …
Understanding The Behavior Of A Pile Foundation In Unsaturated Soils Subjected To Lateral Loading, Brian Machmer
Understanding The Behavior Of A Pile Foundation In Unsaturated Soils Subjected To Lateral Loading, Brian Machmer
All Theses
The purpose of this research was to further understand the behavior of pile foundations in unsaturated soils subjected to lateral loading. Recent case histories show the importance of incorporating unsaturated soil mechanics in geotechnical engineering practice for the design and construction of resilient and cost effective systems. Unsaturated soils are a three phase material- solid, liquid and gas, resulting in three interfaces. Among the three interfaces the liquid-gas interface, also known as the contractile skin, plays a critical role in the mechanical and flow behaviors of unsaturated soil. The effects of the contractile skin are measured in terms of matric …
Entrainment And Dilution Of Constant-Volume Non-Newtonian Fluid Mud Gravity Currents, Michael Jacobson
Entrainment And Dilution Of Constant-Volume Non-Newtonian Fluid Mud Gravity Currents, Michael Jacobson
All Theses
An extensive laboratory experimental campaign was undertaken in order to elucidate the entrainment and dilution characteristics of constant-volume non-Newtonian fluid mud gravity currents. Three experimental series were conducted in a lock-exchange tank. The first experimental series quantified ambient entrainment using a light-opaqueness technique, the second experimental series measured vertical concentration profiles using a siphoning technique, and the third experimental series provided visual observations for the investigation of the deposited sediment layer.
In the first experimental series, a technique similar to the so-called light attenuation technique was developed to find the boundary of the current, allowing for the calculation of entrainment …
Connected Vehicle Supported Electric Vehicle Charging Operations And Related Infrastructure Issues, Jennifer Johnson
Connected Vehicle Supported Electric Vehicle Charging Operations And Related Infrastructure Issues, Jennifer Johnson
All Theses
Due to the tremendous political, economic and environmental pressures the transportation sector is facing, the United States finds itself devoting more energy to innovative solutions like electric vehicle (EV) technologies. The first objective of this study was to analyze how utilizing real-time information dissemination transferring capabilities to vehicles, as envisioned in the 'connected vehicle' system, could effectively facilitate the EV charging process at fast-charging stations. By simulating a traffic network of EVs in Matlab, it was found that the total time due to the battery charging process could be optimized for EVs that were able to use connected vehicle communications. …
Geology-Based Probabilistic Liquefaction Potential Mapping Of The 7.5-Minute Charleston Quadrangle, South Carolina For Resilient Infrastructure Design, Lawrence Simonson
Geology-Based Probabilistic Liquefaction Potential Mapping Of The 7.5-Minute Charleston Quadrangle, South Carolina For Resilient Infrastructure Design, Lawrence Simonson
All Theses
Two geology-based probabilistic liquefaction potential maps are developed for the 7.5-minute Charleston, South Carolina quadrangle in this thesis. Creation of the maps extends the previous liquefaction potential mapping work of the Charleston peninsula by Hayati and Andrus (2008) and Mount Pleasant by Heidari and Andrus (2010), and improves upon the previous maps by using peak ground accelerations that vary with local site conditions. The GIS software package ArcGIS 10 is used to develop the maps.
Development of the liquefaction potential maps involves the creation of four additional maps needed as inputs. The four additional maps are (1) depth to the …
Temporal Pier Scour Evolution Under Stepped Hydrographs, Mark Schillinger
Temporal Pier Scour Evolution Under Stepped Hydrographs, Mark Schillinger
All Theses
The present study was aimed at measuring the scour hole profile at bridge piers under clear water scour. Scour tests were performed under both steady state flow and under stepped hydrographs. Multiple smaller flood events were run to determine how flood history affects scour hole development. Various equilibrium scour depth equations and proposed temporal scour models were compared. The similarity of the scour hole profiles with time and flow history were evaluated.
Experiments were conducted in a 14.8 m long, 1.19 m wide, 1.22 m deep rectangular flume with a model bridge pier. A uniform sediment bed (d50= …
Analysis And Parameterization Of The Flight Of Ember Generation Experiments, Hillary Harris
Analysis And Parameterization Of The Flight Of Ember Generation Experiments, Hillary Harris
All Theses
This thesis presents a study on ember flight modeling based on a series of wind tunnel experiments. The purpose of these experiments and the data collected was to provide the input conditions for an ember flight model in order to compare and validate the model predictions. An analysis was performed which determined the sensitivity of model predictions of downwind mass distribution to uncertainties in the model input parameters.
From the wind tunnel experiments, flight distances were measured and characteristic ember size distributions were obtained from the collected data. A flight model was developed based on standard models published in the …