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Articles 91 - 120 of 164
Full-Text Articles in Civil Engineering
Robust Design And Monitoring Tools For Sustainable And Resilient Structural Design And Infrastructure Management, Sarah Dalton
Robust Design And Monitoring Tools For Sustainable And Resilient Structural Design And Infrastructure Management, Sarah Dalton
All Theses
Structural systems are subject to inherent uncertainties due to the variability in many hard-to-control `noise factors' that include but are not limited to external loads, material properties, and construction workmanship. Two design methodologies have been widely accepted in the practicing engineering realm to manage the variability associated with operational structures: Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). These traditional approaches explicitly recognize the presence of uncertainty; however, they do not take robustness against this uncertainty into consideration. Overlooking this robustness against uncertainty in the structural design process has two drawbacks. First, the design may not satisfy …
Development And Application Of A Three-Dimensional Probabilistic Wind-Borne Debris Trajectory Model, James Grayson
Development And Application Of A Three-Dimensional Probabilistic Wind-Borne Debris Trajectory Model, James Grayson
All Theses
This research presents a probabilistic debris trajectory model adapted from current 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) deterministic models, in which the aleatoric (inherent) uncertainty is explicitly considered in the proposed probabilistic model. While the inherent randomness in the debris flight trajectory is irreducible due to the wind turbulence, variation in wind direction, gustiness of the wind event and so forth, the proposed probabilistic model seeks to address these uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations with the appropriate statistical distributions applied to the governing equations of motion of the debris. Verification of the probabilistic debris trajectory model is performed through an analytical and visual comparison …
A Methodology For Estimating And Comparing The Lifecycles Of High-Build And Conventional Waterborne Pavement Markings On Primary And Secondary Roads In South Carolina, Joseph Robertson
All Theses
Highway pavement markings constitute a vital component of roadway transportation systems and provide crucial visual cues for the basic driver task of following the road. In 2008, the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) initiated a multi-year study to evaluate pavement markings on non-interstate primary and secondary roads in South Carolina. This thesis discusses development of a methodology for estimating and comparing the lifecycles of high-build and conventional waterborne pavement markings based on retroreflectivity levels. The methodology was developed using nearly 3 years of field data from 66 sites throughout South Carolina. This thesis provides an overview of data collection …
Influence Of Pavement Type On Near Surface Air Temperature, David Duncan
Influence Of Pavement Type On Near Surface Air Temperature, David Duncan
All Theses
Effects from an Urban Heat Island (UHI) can be detrimental to the world as a whole. This study examines a collection of permeable and conventional pavements in South Carolina to determine how they relate to near surface air temperatures, which is an indicator of the UHI impact of an area. Three locations were used, each with a different selection of pavement type. Permeable and conventional forms of both asphalt and concrete were tested, as were some open graded friction course samples. Air temperatures were measured and recorded from the pavement surface up to an elevation of 60-in.
Multiple days of …
The Integration Of Building Information Modeling (Bim) Into Civil Engineering Curricula, Jason Cooksey
The Integration Of Building Information Modeling (Bim) Into Civil Engineering Curricula, Jason Cooksey
All Theses
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an emerging technology used in the Architecture/Engineering/Construction (AEC) industry. The proliferation of BIM usage across the industry has been swift and prolific. Academia has lagged behind the adoption rate of the industry by not producing enough students with BIM exposure. Thus, the question is whether civil engineering curricula should provide an understanding of BIM technology to students entering the design and construction profession. The immediate objective of this research is to determine if it is important to provide exposure of BIM to undergraduate or graduate students in the civil engineering curricula and if so to …
Determining Transverse Design Forces For A Next-D Bridge Using 3d Finite Element Modeling, Robert Funcik
Determining Transverse Design Forces For A Next-D Bridge Using 3d Finite Element Modeling, Robert Funcik
All Theses
This thesis looks into the use of 3D Finite Element Modeling to determine the transverse design forces for short-span bridges built using the Northeast Extreme Tee with integral deck (NEXT-D) beam. Models were built using either solid elements or shell elements to represent the bridge deck, and the results were compared. The stiffness of the shear keys were taken into account during the modeling process. Results were compared to the AASHTO strip width method for design bridge decks, and the results showed that the strip width method would not be adequate for the design of NEXT-D bridges, so specific live …
Fault-Tree Model For Bridge Collapse Risk Analysis, Caitlyn Davis-Mcdaniel
Fault-Tree Model For Bridge Collapse Risk Analysis, Caitlyn Davis-Mcdaniel
All Theses
Bridges are vital components of the United States surface transportation infrastructure and, moreover, support the growth of our nation's economy. However, over the past few decades the design capacity and service condition of many bridges in the U.S. has been challenged. Numerous incidents of bridge collapse call for an urgent need to develop a systematic method of assessing the failure risks and identifying the initiating events that can lead to a bridge collapse. This thesis presents a process of bridge failure risk analysis through fault-tree modeling and identification of specific countermeasures, to minimize failure risk, related to structural health monitoring …
Structural Health Monitoring Of Historic Masonry Monuments, Saurabh Prabhu
Structural Health Monitoring Of Historic Masonry Monuments, Saurabh Prabhu
All Theses
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a well-accepted diagnostic technique being used to evaluate modern structures. This method involves monitoring the vibration response of a structure to detect changes in its structural state. The primary intention of this thesis is to address two practical and technical difficulties encountered in deploying SHM on historic masonry monuments: (i) the selection of suitable low dimensional vibration response features that are highly sensitive to the presence and extent of damage, while having low sensitivity to extraneous noise and (ii) the selection of optimal sensor locations for efficient system identification applied to Gothic Cathedrals. Both of …
Retrofit Solutions For Sealed Pervious Concrete Pavements, Gregory Bunting
Retrofit Solutions For Sealed Pervious Concrete Pavements, Gregory Bunting
All Theses
The goal of this research was to design, implement, and evaluate several retrofit solutions for sealed pervious concrete. Properly functioning pervious concrete pavements allow water to drain through the structure, eliminating the need for traditional drainage infrastructure. A recent study of South Carolina porous pavements (Putman 2010) revealed that some pervious concrete pavements are not properly draining, either because of sealing at the surface. Sealed pavements are generally a result of construction processes, and sealed pavements cannot be fixed with sediment removal techniques such as vacuuming and pressure washing. This study investigates a technique to increase infiltration of sealed pervious …
Behavior Of The Next-D Beam Shear Key: A Finite Element Approach, Armando Flores
Behavior Of The Next-D Beam Shear Key: A Finite Element Approach, Armando Flores
All Theses
State Departments of Transportation have been using adjacent precast bridges for many years. A vital component of this type of bridges is the connection between the members, which is typically done with a grouted shear key. Shear keys have changed through time to adapt to the requirements of bridge design. An assessment of the Northeast Extreme Tee with integral deck (NEXT-D) was performed for the SCDOT as a development possibility for short span bridges. This research focuses on the finite element analysis study of the NEXT-D's specific shear key configuration.
A review of shear key configurations used by different DOTs …
Sensitivity Analysis Of Load Distribution In Light-Framed Wood Roof System Due To Typical Modeling Parameters, Ranjith Shivarudrappa
Sensitivity Analysis Of Load Distribution In Light-Framed Wood Roof System Due To Typical Modeling Parameters, Ranjith Shivarudrappa
All Theses
Since failure of roof systems in past high wind events have demonstrated the consequences of not maintaining a continuous load path from the roof to the foundation, many studies have been conducted to better understand this load path, including how loads are distributed in the system. The present study looks to add to the current knowledge of the vertical load path by focusing on uplift loads and by considering the sensitivity of different modeling parameters. This is done by developing and assessing load influence coefficients for various roof-to-wall (RTW) connections. An analytical model of a light-framed wood structure using finite …
Evaluation Of Warm Mix Open Graded Friction Course Mixtures, James Wurst
Evaluation Of Warm Mix Open Graded Friction Course Mixtures, James Wurst
All Theses
The goal of this study was to evaluate EvothermTM (a chemical package) and foaming (a water-injection method) warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies to determine their effectiveness in producing high quality open graded friction course (OGFC) mixes. Specifically, this study focused on the effect of the removal of stabilizing additives (fibers and polymers) on the optimum binder content and performance of WMA OGFC mixtures. By focusing on additive removal, this study attempted to evaluate practical production concerns and the possible benefits of WMA technologies combined with OGFC.
The EvothermTM WMA and foaming WMA mixes were compared to traditional HMA OGFC by …
Wave Reflection Characteristics Of Permeable And Impermeable Submerged Trapezoidal Breakwaters, Mathew Hornack
Wave Reflection Characteristics Of Permeable And Impermeable Submerged Trapezoidal Breakwaters, Mathew Hornack
All Theses
The present study aims to quantify reflection coefficients in the vicinity of impermeable and permeable submerged trapezoidal breakwaters. Three impermeable breakwater models are tested, each with a unique side slope for the breakwater faces. Two permeable models are tested, one made of PVC pipe and the other consisting of golf balls contained within a mesh cage, to provide two separate porosities. Testing is carried out at the Clemson University Flow Physics Laboratory in a laboratory wave tank with the inclusion of a 1:20 sloping sandy beach to simulate natural environmental conditions. Wave elevations are collected during experiments by two capacitance …
Predictive Modeling Of Wind Turbine Blades, Kendra Van Buren
Predictive Modeling Of Wind Turbine Blades, Kendra Van Buren
All Theses
Wind turbine blades are being produced at a larger scale in order to meet demands from the burgeoning U.S. wind energy industry, and are forecasted to only grow larger for off-shore applications. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) provides a cost and time efficient alternative when studying the structural behavior of blades such as for loading conditions that are too difficult to replicate in laboratory conditions, and for various severity of damage in wind turbine blades. For this reason, M&S will continue to play an indispensible role in understanding the behavior of wind turbine blades and is gradually replacing the traditional test, …
Effect Of Selected Parameters On Aggregate Reactivity In Accelerated Mortar Bar Test Method: Aggregate Size & Deicers, Sujay Math
All Theses
Abstract
Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction between reactive siliceous aggregates and the alkali hydroxides present in the pore solution of hydrated cement paste in concrete. The chemical reaction produces ASR gel that is hygroscopic in nature and is volumetrically unstable in the presence of moisture. Expansion resulting from the swelling of the gel creates tensile stresses in the concrete leading to cracking and distress.
While ASR distress has been known to occur in concrete for over last 70 years, there has been an increase in the frequency of this distress in recent years. This is primarily due …
A Numerical And Experimental Study Of Differential Settling In Cohesive Sediment, Chad Heiliger
A Numerical And Experimental Study Of Differential Settling In Cohesive Sediment, Chad Heiliger
All Theses
Accurate sedimentation modeling has important applications in a number of fields. This includes modeling the accumulation of sediment in harbor channels and modeling the sedimentation and accumulation of particles in retention ponds in the still waters behind dams in order to calculate the trap efficiency. By accurately modeling sedimentation, engineering failures such as the 2008 TVA spill at the Kingston Fossil Plant could possibly be avoided. Three different numerical models comparing the settling rates of individual particles in quiescent waters were created to compare the change of settling velocity due to particle size distributions, change of local concentrations, and flocculation …
Identifying Barriers To Address During The Delivery Of Sustainable Building Renovation Projects, Corey Cattano
Identifying Barriers To Address During The Delivery Of Sustainable Building Renovation Projects, Corey Cattano
All Theses
Architects, engineers, and contractors are continuously searching for tools and methods to reduce the unique risks associated with the delivery of construction projects. Since national policies to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption will require drastic improvements to the existing building stock, one specific area in need of such tools is the sustainable renovation of existing buildings. The purpose of this research is to identify the barriers to address during the delivery of sustainable renovation projects and offer solutions that overcome these barriers. For example, typical renovation projects do not coordinate energy retrofits with building system renovations, resulting in poor …
Investigation Of Northeast Extreme Tee (Next) D Beam Bridges As An Alternative To Precast Hollow Core Bridges: An Exploration Of Appropriate Slab Design Forces, Daniel Deery
All Theses
Adjacent precast, prestressed concrete beam bridges have become a popular solution throughout the country because deck forming can be eliminated and construction is rapid. In South Carolina, adjacent beam bridges primarily consist of flat slab or hollow core sections, and they are currently only used on secondary, low-volume, short-span bridges. Durability and load sharing issues stemming from cracking, however, have caused concern with the longevity of these bridge types. Thus, the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) has sought an alternative to the flat slab for short span bridges that can be used on high volume roads without an overlay. …
Assessment And Analysis Of Emotional Intelligence In Engineering Students, Xiaodan Zhou
Assessment And Analysis Of Emotional Intelligence In Engineering Students, Xiaodan Zhou
All Theses
ABSTRACT
Current research on the importance and relevance of the relationship between emotional intelligence and work outcomes has continuously gained momentum since the publication of Daniel Goleman's best seller Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ (Goleman, 1995). Professional expertise is no longer the only standard by which to evaluate graduates. 'Soft skills', like emotional intelligence are viewed as effective ways, to distinguish potential high-performance workers and those who will be 'no more than' a worker. This paper made an attempt to correlate emotional intelligence with academic performance of civil engineering students. The emotional capability of the students …
Evaluation Of Utility Relocation Costs And Best Management Practices, Michael Reinke
Evaluation Of Utility Relocation Costs And Best Management Practices, Michael Reinke
All Theses
In recent years, the SCDOT has experienced a significant variation in estimated costs for the relocation of utilities on many projects. This has led to cost overruns and caused concerns for the district engineers responsible for the projects. Through meetings with SCDOT personnel and utility company representatives it was determined that a standardized cost estimate form combined with improved change order management and cost management strategies was needed. Recently submitted estimates were analyzed and rated by a panel on multiple criteria to generate a list of 'poor', 'good', and 'excellent' estimates. The 'excellent' estimates provided insight into the development of …
Discontinuous Galerkin Method For 1d Shallow Water Flow With Water Surface Slope Limiter, Wencong Lai
Discontinuous Galerkin Method For 1d Shallow Water Flow With Water Surface Slope Limiter, Wencong Lai
All Theses
A water surface slope limiting scheme is applied to numerically solve the one dimensional shallow water equations with bottom slope source term. The total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin finite element method with slope limiter schemes based on water surface and water depth are investigated for solving one-dimensional shallow water equations. For each slope limiter, three different Riemann solvers based on HLL, LF, and Roe flux functions are used. The three different solvers with slope limiters based on water surface and water depth are applied to simulate idealized dambreak problem, hydraulic jump, quiescent flow, subcritical flow, supercritical flow, and transcritical …
Correcting Liquefaction Resistance Of Partially Saturated Soil Using Compression Wave Velocity, Md Hossain
Correcting Liquefaction Resistance Of Partially Saturated Soil Using Compression Wave Velocity, Md Hossain
All Theses
Empirical relationships for correcting liquefaction resistance of partially saturated soil using longitudinal (P-) wave velocity (VP) and shear (S-) wave velocity (VS) are developed and evaluated in this thesis. The relationships are based on the laboratory test results for four different types of sands and one silt published by other investigators. The data used to develop the relationship with VP exhibit less scatter than the data used to develop the relationship with VP/VS. For this reason, the VP based relationship is recommended for correcting liquefaction resistance of partially saturated soil. …
The Feasibility Of Using An Instrumented Vehicle Equipped With Inertial Navigation Guidence System To Collect Roadway Grade And Cross-Slope Data For Safety Analysis, Cyle Rhoades
All Theses
In 2005, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requested the development for the initial version of the Model Minimum Inventory of Roadway Elements (MIRE). MIRE is a roadway inventory and traffic data collection data program that has a strong focus on improving the decision process in safety programs. MIRE is not a mandatory state program, but is strongly recommended based on its potential advantages. Some of the data required for MIRE was previously collected as a result of the requirements set from the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS).
This thesis concentrates on the feasibility of determining as-built grade and cross-slope data …
Evaluating Transit Systems In A University Environment The Clemson University Case Study, Katerina Bartman
Evaluating Transit Systems In A University Environment The Clemson University Case Study, Katerina Bartman
All Theses
With the economy in a slow recovery, enrollment in higher education is
increasing. This means that universities across the country must accommodate these new students, their vehicles, and local transportation needs. Campus setting and ambiance is a treasured quality on a university campus resulting in the approval of additional surface lots and parking garages being difficult or restricted. To combat the increased number of single occupancy vehicles, universities are developing and encouraging the use of multimodal transportation by providing pedestrian, bicycle, and public transportation facilities along with providing users with the information necessary to make the optimal modal choice (Boyles, …
Alkali Silica Reaction Under The Influence Of Chloride Based Deicers, Purvi Desai
Alkali Silica Reaction Under The Influence Of Chloride Based Deicers, Purvi Desai
All Theses
Highways form the backbone of transportation in United States. As a result, issues related to distress in pavements and use of chemicals on pavement forms one of the major focus areas of highway agencies. One of the forms of distress in concrete pavements is Alkali silica reaction (ASR). External source of alkalis in the form of deicing chemicals play a key role in accelerating ASR. Sodium chloride or Rock salt is one of the oldest forms of deicers. Several research studies have been done on ASR under the influence of sodium chloride and calcium chloride. Limited information is available on …
A Comparison Of Small Scale Laboratory Experiments With The Environmetnal Protection Agency Reccomended Dense Gas Dispersion Models: An Assessment Of The Validity Of Salt Bath Modeling Of Atmospheric Flows, Katie Betz
All Theses
Accurate dense gas dispersion modeling is important in a number of fields from modeling smoke movement in a room to the spreading of dense toxic gas releases such as resulted from the Chlorine spill in Graniteville, SC in 2005. To this end, a series of small scale laboratory experiments using instantaneous releases of a cylindrical, finite volume of dense salt water were performed. In the experiments, the horizontal spread of the dense liquid over a flat surface(i.e. gravity current front position over time) was measured.
The results of these small scale experiments were compared to two dense gas dispersion models …
Long-Term Performance Of Pavement Markings On Primary And Secondary Roads, Joshua Johnson
Long-Term Performance Of Pavement Markings On Primary And Secondary Roads, Joshua Johnson
All Theses
This research analyzes waterbased and thermoplastic pavement markings on primary and secondary roads in South Carolina. The primary objective of this research was to develop retroreflectivity degradation models for these two pavement marking materials, as well as determine the expected useful life of the markings. Predicting retroreflectivity and marking life is important so that state DOTs may efficiently replace markings in order to reduce safety hazards as well as maintenance costs.
Data collection for this research lasted 21 months, where retroreflectivity of pavement markings was measured on over 100 primary and secondary roads in South Carolina. Variables such as marking …
Liquefaction Analysis Of Three Pleistocene Sand Deposits That Did Not Liquefy During The 1886 Charleston, South Carolina Earthquake Based On Shear Wave Velocity And Penetration Resistance, Aaron Geiger
All Theses
The results of geotechnical investigations at three sites located in the South Carolina Coastal Plain are presented in this thesis. The three sites are called the Hobcaw Barony Borrow Pit site located near Georgetown, SC; the Rest Area Ponds site near Walterboro, SC; and the Lowcountry Sand & Gravel site, also near Walterboro. Near-surface sand deposits at these sites ranged in geologic age from 200,000 to greater than 1,000,000 years. These three sites lie well outside the region of most liquefaction effects observed following the 1886 Charleston earthquake. Investigations conducted at the sites include seismic cone penetration tests with pore …
Ie Tools In Construction - Small Tools Spreadsheet, Ronald Goodson
Ie Tools In Construction - Small Tools Spreadsheet, Ronald Goodson
All Theses
This document will explore the development and implementation of a spreadsheet tool that will provide for effective planning, procurement, and management of 'small tools' on a construction site - small tools are relatively inexpensive items that are usually handheld. The following five chapters cover the development of the spreadsheet. Both methodology and the calculation process are explored in detail and all facets of the spreadsheet are explained. A key component of the development process is that end users were involved in the entire development process to ensure the spreadsheet met their needs. In general, users input several criteria regarding work …
Performance Evaluation Of Sbs Modified Asphalt Mixtures Using Warm Mix Technologies, Hakseo Kim
Performance Evaluation Of Sbs Modified Asphalt Mixtures Using Warm Mix Technologies, Hakseo Kim
All Theses
The need for more sustainable methods and techniques in industry has been increasing and it is important to respond to the needs of society and address issues surrounding its environment and health. In order to better introduce such new and more sustainable methods, it is necessary to combine existing and proven methods with new technology. The main idea of this research was to use the established industry standard of using Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) modified binder and combine it with the relatively new Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology in order to create a more sustainable and eco-friendly asphalt paving process. …