Civil Engineering Commons^™

Evaluating The Impact Of Bridge Deck Removal Method On The Performance Of Precast/Prestressed Concrete I-Girders, Shaddi Assad

Department of Construction Engineering and Management: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Wide flange precast/prestressed concrete I-girders have been widely used by several State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in the last two decades. These girders have many advantages over standard AASHTO I-girders. Their wide and thick bottom flange accommodates a large number of prestressing strands and their wide and thin top flange provides a shorter deck span, reduced girder weight, greater stability in construction, and adequate platform for workers. Despite these advantages, the wide and thin top flange might be disadvantageous when it comes to deck removal, as it is more susceptible to damage. Therefore there is a need to investigate the …

Learning From Earthquakes: 2014 Napa Valley Earthquake Reconnaissance Report, Erica Fischer

Lyles School of Civil Engineering Graduate Student Reports

Structural damage was observed during reconnaissance after the 2014 South Napa Earthquake, and included damage to wine storage and fermentation tanks, collapse of wine storage barrel racks, unreinforced masonry building partial or full collapse, and residential building damage. This type of damage is not unique to the South Napa Earthquake, and was observed after other earthquakes such as the 1977 San Juan Earthquake, and the 2010 Maule Earthquake. Previous research and earthquakes have demonstrated the seismic performance of cylindrical fluid-filled tanks is controlled by both the tank and the sloshing motion of the liquid inside. Unlike building structures, steel tanks …

Increased Span Length For The Mgs Long-Span Guardrail System, Nicholas A. Weiland

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Long-span guardrail systems have been recognized as an effective means of shielding low-fill culverts while minimizing construction efforts and limiting culvert damage and repair. The current MGS long-span design provided the capability to span unsupported lengths up to 25 ft (7.6 m) without the use of nested guardrail. The excellent performance of the MGS long-span system in full-scale crash tests suggested that longer span lengths may be possible with the current design.

A detailed analysis of the MGS long-span guardrail system was performed using the finite element software program LS-DYNA^®. It was shown that the MGS long-span design …

Behavior Of Cfrp Plate In Simulated Iccp System Of Concrete Structures, Jihua Zhu, Miaochang Zhu, Ningxu Han, Feng Xing, Wei Liu, Luca Bertolini

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

An innovative effort was made to utilize carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate as an anode in impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) of reinforced concrete structure. The feasibility was explored by bonding CFRP strips to concrete and then applying protection current through CFRP strips to steel rebar in concrete. Service life and performance of CFRP plate were investigated in simulated ICCP systems with various configurations. Steel potential results confirmed that the steel rebar in concrete maintained at a satisfactory level with the applied protection current. It is shown that CFRP strips can be successfully used in various solutions as an …

Effects Of Stirrups On Bond Behavior Between Concrete And Corroded Steel Bars, Hongwei Lin, Yuxi Zhao, Ming Sun

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Steel corrosion leads to the deterioration of bond between concrete and steel bars. The serviceability and ultimate strength of concrete elements within RC structures are hence affected. Many researchers have studied the bond behavior of corroded steel bars. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of confinements on the degradation of bond strength. The present paper proposed a new kind of beam specimen based on which the effects of stirrups on degradation of bond were investigated. The test results proved that stirrups can effectively increase the bond strength between concrete and corroded steel bars.

Revised Model Of Chloride Diffusion In Concrete Bridge By Considering Complex Action Of Load And Chloride Binding Capacity, Yiqiang Xiang, Dongmei Guo

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Coastal concrete bridges will suffer from deterioration of RC structural performance and resistance attenuation because of the chloride penetration and other environment factors. This article discusses current different chloride diffusion models and puts forward the revised model of chloride diffusion in concrete bridge by considering the complex action of load influence and chloride-binding capacity. Comparison of numerical predicted values and relative experimental tests show the presented chloride diffusion model to be more accurate. It provides a theoretical basis for the performance assessment and accurate prediction of the remaining life of highway concrete bridges.

Flexural Behavior Of Rc Beams Under Combined Effects Of Acid–Salt Mist And Carbon Dioxide, Wu Yuan-Zhou, Lv Heng-Lin, Fang Zhong-Nian

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The coupling effects of hydrochloric acid mist, carbon dioxide, and salt mist rich in Cl^– and SO₄^2– on the degradation of reinforcement concrete (RC) beams were researched with the simulation of colliery ground environment (CGE) and experimental investigation. The results indicated that carbonation of concrete and corrosion of rebar increased slowly as the maximum width of crack became <0.5 mm. Meanwhile, the flexural carrying capacity of the deteriorated beam decreased slightly, while the concrete strength got a small increase first and a large decrease of more than 20% quickly. As the width of crack exceeded 0.5 mm, each target changed rapidly except the carbonation depth. Because of the interaction of deteriorated concrete and corroded rebar, the crack width, and flexural behavior of the beams have discrete correlation with the corrosion of rebar. The failure mode of beams changed from the crushing of compression concrete to the yielding of rebar.

Damping Of Seismic Vibrations Of A 3d Asymmetrical Building Model With Multiple Tmd’S, Jean-Paul Pinelli, Kai Chen, Hector Gutierrez, Rasvan Rusovici

Mechanical and Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, the authors investigate the control of the seismic response of a three dimensional asymmetrical tier-building model, with a combination of three tuned mass dampers (TMD) located on the upper floor of the building. The 3D frame model represents a 3-story steel building designed for the SAC project in Los Angeles, California. All the dynamic analyses of the 3D structure are performed in ANSYS. The frequencies of the three TMD's and excitations are tuned to the appropriate fundamental frequencies of the model. The optimal number and location of the TMD's on the top floor are investigated, to reduce …

Seismic Response Of A Tall Building To Recorded And Simulated Ground Motions, Nenad Bijelic, Ting Lin, Gregory Deierlein

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Seismological modeling technologies are advancing to the stage of enabling fundamental simulation of earthquake fault ruptures, which offer new opportunities to simulate extreme ground motions for collapse safety assessment and earthquake scenarios for community resilience studies. With the goal toward establishing the reliability of simulated ground motions for performance-based engineering, this paper examines the response of a 20-story concrete moment frame building analyzed by nonlinear dynamic analysis under corresponding sets of recorded and simulated ground motions. The simulated ground motions were obtained through a larger validation study via the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Broadband Platform (BBP) that simulates magnitude …

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dynamic Excitation Characteristics On Ambient Vibration Test Results For A Multi-Girder Bridge, Gibran Santana

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The bridge population in the US is currently aging and deteriorating rapidly. More than 30% of the bridges across the country have already exceeded their expected design life. Therefore, it is important to develop more timely, reliable and quantitative alternatives to the qualitative visual inspection approach that is currently used to evaluate these structures. One experimental approach that has been researched extensively for quantitatively characterize bridges is Ambient Vibration Testing (AVT) also known as Operational Modal Analysis (OMA). In this approach, the vibration responses of a structure due to unmeasured and uncontrolled ambient dynamic excitation are measured and analyzed to …

Dynamic Excitation Related Uncertainty In Ambient Vibration Testing Of A Truss Bridge, Ryan T. Dufour

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The aging and deteriorating state of bridges in the US, along with the many limitations of the visual inspection data that is used for assessing and evaluating their condition, have provided motivation for research on experimental methods to quantitatively describe and evaluate their in-situ performance and condition. Ambient vibration testing is one such global characterization approach that has been widely explored due to its low cost and ease of implementation for in-service bridges. The testing is used to identify the modal properties of the structure, typically the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios. Although ambient vibration testing has been …

Temperature Sensitivity Of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt, Ryan Michael Hagedorn

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Foamed warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a technology that is beginning to be utilized across the United States. Often, producers are placing foamed WMA at decreased temperatures without fully understanding the properties of this relatively new product. By studying the volumetric properties of laboratory produced foamed WMA, this study sought to better understand the temperature sensitivity of foamed WMA and the potential factors that contribute to this sensitivity. Two mix designs containing primarily limestone aggregate were tested using differing binder grades. It was determined that binder grade, binder source and potentially the inclusion of recycled asphalt pavement all influence how …

Shear Capacity Of Prestressed Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete, Micah Alan Wyssmann

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

In prestressed members, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has in some cases exhibited lower shear capacity than conventional concrete, which has been attributed to decreased aggregate interlock. However, little data is currently available to assess whether use of lightweight aggregate in prestressed SCC beams has further impact on aggregate interlock and shear strength. This study measured the shear capacity of six prestressed beams made from three different concrete mixtures: lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) with expanded shale aggregate, LWSCC with expanded clay aggregate, and control normal weight SCC with limestone aggregate. Predicted shear capacities were determined based on current ACI Building Code and …

Development Of A Mash Tl-3 Transition Between Guardrail And Portable Concrete Barriers, David A. Gutierrez

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Often, road construction causes the need to create a work zone. In these scenarios, portable concrete barriers (PCBs) are typically installed to shield workers and equipment from errant vehicles as well as prevent motorists from striking other roadside hazards. For an existing W-beam guardrail system installed adjacent to the roadway and near the work zone, guardrail sections are removed in order to place the portable concrete barrier system. The focus of this research study was to develop a proper stiffness transition between W-beam guardrail and portable concrete barrier systems. This research effort was accomplished through development and refinement of design …

Dynamic Characteristic Identification Of Seismic-Excited Multi-Story Buildings Through Response-Only Technique, Agung Budipriyanto, Priyo Suprobo

Makara Journal of Technology

Identifying dynamic characteristics of civil engineering structures is still a challenging task. It intends to assess behavior of the structures under time-dependent loads. This paper discusses a methodology suitable for identifying the characteristics of multi-story buildings using only their measured response under earthquake ground excitations. Appropriateness of technique used for structural identification was corroborated through coherence of the structure’s responses. The methodology was applied for identifying the characteristics of 14-story and 20-story office buildings located in a high seismic region. Responses of these two buildings recorded during three different seismic ground motions were investigated. The buildings’ response spectral densities and …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Soy-Based Polyurethane Foam With Utilization Of Ethylene Glycol In Polyol, Flora Elvistia Firdaus

Makara Journal of Technology

The use of vegetable oils on replacing petroleum has attracted attention of many researchers. The chemical structure of vegetable oils are different from petrochemicals, so the structure of soybean oil has to be chemically modified through its unsaturated fatty acid chain in triglyceride. A two step process was conducted for the preparation of soy-polyol in designated temperatures; 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. Ethylene glycol (EG) as co-reagent was taking part in soy-polyol synthesis, and the soy-polyol was used as a sole polyol for polyurethane synthesis. Referred to the previous study, the existence of EG in polyurethane synthesis can …

Performances Of Free-Space Optical Communication System Over Strong Turbulence, Ucuk Darusalam, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, Harry Sudibyo, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo

Makara Journal of Technology

We report an experimental of free-space optical communication (FSOC) system that use tube propagation simulator (TPS) as the turbulence medium. The FSOC system use wavelength of 1550 nm at the rate transmission of 1000 Mbps and amplified with EDFA at the output of +23 dBm. Index structure of 10-15–10-13 as the representation of atmosphere index turbulences are used for simulation of intensity distribution model or scintillation. The simulation use gammagamma and K model as well. The beam wave propagation models used in simulation are plane wave, spherical wave and Gaussian wave. Spherical wave achieves highest performance via gamma-gamma in strong …

Preparations Of Nanostructured Silicide Bundles And Oxide Arrays, Hirokazu Tatsuoka, Wen Li, Erchao Meng, Daisuke Ishikwa, Kaito Nakane, Shingo Oda, Tomoji Matsushita, Natsuki Kurebayashi

Makara Journal of Technology

A variety of nanostructured silicide bundles and oxide nanowire arrays with abundant, non-toxic materials we are prepared. The CrSi2 nanowire and Mg2Si/MgO composite nanowire bundles were synthesized using a Si substrate and a SiOx nanofiber bundle, respectively. The hexagonal MoSi2 nanosheet bundles were also synthesized using a MoS2 layered material as a template. In addition, ZnO, CuO/Cu2O and a-Fe2O3 nanowire arrays were prepared on semiconductor or metallic substrates. The growth phenomena and the structural properties of the nanostructured materials awere investigated. In addition, the preparations of axial and radial nanowire structures weare examined.

Bioethanol Production From Iles-Iles And Sorghum Starch As Raw Materials (Effect Of Cacl 2 Addition And Saccharification Time), Kusmiyati Kusmiyati, Ali Mahmudi

Makara Journal of Technology

Bioethanol produced from agricultural sources is one alternative energy that has been developed to substitute for petroleum. However, the use of food sources such as corn and cassava to produce bioethanol still face obstacles that lead to the scarcity of food and an increase in food prices. The aim of this study was to produce bioethanol from sorghum and iles-iles, which are not used by humans as food, especially in Indonesia. For both materials, the variables studied were saccharification time (4, 8, 24, and 48 h) and concentration of CaCl2 added to the liquefaction slurry (0, 100, 200, 300, and …

The Effect Of Zephyr Layer Orientation On Zephyrboard Made From Oil Palm Petiole, Lusita Wardani, Muhamad Yusram Massijaya, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, I Wayan Darmawan

Makara Journal of Technology

It is very important to utilize oil palm petiole for the production of zephyr boards. This study aimed to analyze the effect of layer orientation on zephyr board quality. Zephyr boards were made with three coating patterns (A = cross perpendicular, B= combine A and C, and C= paralell) and five zephyr layers using urea formaldehyde adhesive. They were pressed for 20 min at a pressure of 25 kgf/cm² and a temperature 120 ºC, to a target density of 0.80 g/cm³ and a size of 300 mm X 300 mm X 12 mm. Our results showed that the physical and …

Performance Evaluation Of An Optimized Floating Breakwater In Oblique Waves With A Higher-Order Boundary Element Method, Faisal Mahmuddin, Masashi Kashiwagi

Makara Journal of Technology

In the previous study, the optimal performance of a two-dimensional (2D) floating breakwater shape was obtained. The performance of this shape was also confirmed with a model experiment in a towing tank. Moreover, the shape’s performance in three dimensions (3D) was investigated in a subsequent study. However, to predict the shape’s performance in a real application more accurately, the shape’s characteristics in oblique waves must also be evaluated. In this study, the performance and characteristics of the model (hydrodynamic forces, body motions, wave elevations, and drift forces) are computed using a higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM). The HOBEM, which is …

2014 Road School, Kevin M. Hetrick

Purdue Road School

At the 2014 Road School, this presentation focused on the proposed sliding of the Milton-Madison Bridge, a 15000 ton truss superstructure intended to move laterally 55 feet from a temporary location onto permanent piers. The project was a joint procurement between INDOT and KYTC, with a Design/Build team consisting of Walsh Construction, Buckland and Taylor, and Burgess and Niple performing the slide. The presentation was in early March, with the slide scheduled for later in the month. The slide will be the largest of its kind.

A Review Of The Hl-93 Bridge Traffic Load Model Using An Extensive Wim Database, Cathal Leahy, Eugene J. Obrien, Bernard Enright, Donya Hajializadeh

Articles

HL-93, the current bridge traffic load model used in the United States, is examined here. Weigh-in-motion from 17 sites in 16 states, and containing 74 million truck records, is used to assess the level of consistency in the characteristic load effects implied by the HL-93 model. The load effects of bending moment and shear force are considered on single-lane and two-lane same-direction slab and girder bridges with a range of spans. It is found that the ratio of WIM-implied to HL-93 load effect varies considerably from one load effect to another. An alternative model is proposed which achieves improvements in …

Making Bridges Outlast Rising Waters, Daniel Cox

TREC Project Briefs

During Hurricanes Ivan in 2004 and Katrina in 2005, at least 11 highway and railroad bridges along the U.S. Gulf Coast were damaged by wave forces. The spans of these bridges typically rested on bent column supports, and were attached to the supports by a variety of connection methods. Failure of these connections caused bridge spans to be washed away when the water rose high enough to lift them off. To build bridges that can withstand such forces, engineers must be able to estimate the effects the forces will have.

Investigator Daniel Cox of Oregon State University has conducted wave …

Testing And Strengthening Bridge Connections, Christopher Higgins, Peter Dusicka, Michael Scott

TREC Project Briefs

Researchers evaluate and improve the strength of gusset plate connections, essential pieces in bridge design that can fail due to buckling.

Characterization Of Dynamic Structures Using Parametric And Non-Parametric System Identification Methods, Ayad Al Rumaithi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The effects of soil-foundation-structure (SFS) interaction and extreme loading on structural behaviors are important issues in structural dynamics. System identification is an important technique to characterize linear and nonlinear dynamic structures. The identification methods are usually classified into the parametric and non-parametric approaches based on how to model dynamic systems. The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamic behaviors of two realistic civil engineering structures in SFS configuration and subjected to impact loading by comparing different parametric and non-parametric identification results. First, SFS building models were studied to investigate the effects of the foundation types on the structural …

Numerical Evaluation Of The Extended Endplate Moment Connection Subjected To Cyclic Loading, Mehdi Ghassemieh, Mehdi Jalalpour, Ali Akbar Gholampour

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, the seismic behaviour of extended endplate moment connection is analysed using finite element method (FEM). First, an existing test setup is modelled and analysed using ANSYS computer program. The model is validated by comparing the results from the finite element with the experimental ones. Afterwards, by changing the dimensions of members of the connection, their effect on the overall seismic performance of connection is investigated. The results show that by enlarging the column depth and stiffening the connection, the seismic performance is improved and the thickness of endplate should be chosen in a way that its moment …

Role Of Force Resultants Interaction On Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Titchenda Chan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a recently developed concrete gaining a lot of interest worldwide, and a lot research has been conducted to determine its material properties. UHPC is known for its very high strength and high durability. Association Francaise de Genie Civil (AFGC) has defined UHPC as a concrete exhibiting compressive strength greater than 150 MPa (22 ksi). To utilize the full compressive strength of UHPC, complementary tension reinforcement is required. A recent research study to find light weight yet high strength alternative deck systems for Florida movable bridges demonstrated that a composite UHPC and high strength steel (HSS) …

A Technical And Economic Appraisal Of Insulation Retrofits, Niamh O'Brien

Theses

The main aim of this literature review is to further develop the project brief and to examine what research has previously been undertaken in the field of thermal conductivity and retrofitting insulation. The basis of this project is to determine the effect of moisture in domestic cavity walls on the effectiveness of retrofitted insulation. The research began by highlighting the reasoning behind the need for insulation within domestic dwellings within Ireland and the guiding legislation in place in relation to this. Carrying on from this, the current methods used to retrofit insulation were examined, along with the types of insulation …

A Technical And Economic Appraisal Of Insulation Retrofits, Niamh O'Brien

Theses

The main aim of this literature review is to further develop the project brief and to examine what research has previously been undertaken in the field of thermal conductivity and retrofitting insulation. The basis of this project is to determine the effect of moisture in domestic cavity walls on the effectiveness of retrofitted insulation. The research began by highlighting the reasoning behind the need for insulation within domestic dwellings within Ireland and the guiding legislation in place in relation to this. Carrying on from this, the current methods used to retrofit insulation were examined, along with the types of insulation …