Chemical Engineering Commons^™

The Performance Of A Mechanically-Aided Countercurrent Extraction Column., Jerry James Carr

Masters Theses

"In recent years liquid extraction has become a major industrial method for the separation of liquid solutions. Liquid extraction has proven successful in some separations performed only with great difficulty by other, more common mass-transfer operations. Th e industrial utilization of liquid extraction has resulted in considerable interest in the design and performance correlations of high-capacity, high-efficiency extraction equipment.

Continuous countercurrent columns, filled with various packings, baffles, and plates, have been found to be relatively ineffective in liquid extract on service. The density difference of the contacted phases is generally insufficient to, by itself, cause the intimate contact necessary for …

Viscosities Of Various Binary Non-Polar Gaseous Mixtures., Gerald Lee Stevenson

Masters Theses

"Viscosity is an important physical property involving the transport of momentum in a fluid. Momentum is transferred within a fluid under an existing velocity gradient as the driving force. Since momentum transfer is actually attained by the dynamic interaction between particles of mass, a description of molecular interaction is essential in order to accurately predict the viscosity of a fluid. Temperature affects fluid viscosity by increasing the kinetic energy of the fluid system and thus the frequency by which molecules are involved in interaction. There have been many theoretical studies made concerning the intermolecular potential energy statements which serve as …

The Construction And Evaluation Of A Small Scale Laboratory Fermentor For Batch And Continuous Studies., Robert Murray Logan

Masters Theses

"The purpose or this investigation was to design and construct a suitable apparatus for the aerobic culture or microorganisms to be used for preliminary batch studies and eventually, continuous fermentations.

The general design of the apparatus was patterned after small scale equipment described in the literature. Construction or the apparatus was carried out in the shop of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry. All of the necessary machining was done by the author.

The aeration-agitation system was evaluated by the use or the sulfite oxidation rate determination. The oxygen transfer rate provided by the apparatus was round to be …

Effects Of Gamma Radiation On Ion Exchange Membranes., John R. C. Roop

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Permeability Of Organic Protective Coatings And Relation To Film Thickness, Bipin N. Doshi

Masters Theses

“Special types of coating systems are used to protect industrial products and structures against corrosion. Many millions of dollars are spent each year for these coatings. The ability of protective coatings to reduce or inhibit corrosion depends on a variety of factors such as dry film thickness, resistance to permeation of ions and vapors, temperature, pressure, structure of binder, nature of pigment, electrolytic resistance, and many others.

The initial work done by Larry Inglis on the permeability of coatings and it's relation to thickness of coating films showed that the permeability, as determined by under film corrosion, was independent of …

The Separation Of Strontium-90 From Cesium-137 And Fractionation Of Rare Earth Elements By Liquid-Liquid Extraction., Surendra D. Khanna

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Detection Of Rust Formed Under Paint Films, James Larry Inglis

Masters Theses

"Corrosion is an evil that has plagued man since before the iron age. Three ways of controlling corrosion are: 1. alloy the metal to make it chemically inert to corrosion, .2. change the surroundings to a noncorrosive atmosphere, and 3. isolate the metal from the corrosive atmosphere, as for instance by the application of a number of coats of paint that has been found to be the most economical method.

At present, there is no reliable method of testing the effectiveness of a paint film that does not require the corrosion products to destroy the paint film and show themselves …

Permeability Of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate), James G. Harvey

Masters Theses

"Corrosion is a phenomenon which has been the subject of extensive research, in order to find a way to control or completely stop it. Two general methods, either placing the material which corrodes in an anti-corrosive atmosphere or protecting the material which corrodes from the corrosive atmosphere, are the chief means of preventing corrosion today.

The second method is probably most widely used presently. One of the most important methods of protection is by means of organic protective coatings, or paints, but at best these only retard corrosion, due to the fact that corrosive media e.g. water vapor, ions etc. …

The Experimental Determination And Prediction Of Ternary-Liquid Equilibria Data, Risdon William Hankinson

Masters Theses

"Although the field of liquid extraction is of increasing importance in today's chemical industry, the ternary-liquid data so necessary to the design and study of extraction operations are available in the literature only to a limited extent. During the twentieth century, approximately 120 ternary-liquid systems have been studied. However, limiting solubility data have been reported for approximately one-third of these systems, and about 30 per cent of the equilibria data reported for the remainder of these systems are incomplete or inaccurate.

Within limits, liquid equilibria data may be calculated for a ternary system from the properties of its constituents which …

Fractionation Of Fission Elements By Electrodialysis, George Joseph Bub

Masters Theses

"The development of nuclear power has presented countless problems to the scientists and engineers of today. A problem of extreme importance is the disposal of radioactive wastes. Another is the recovery of some of the useful radioisotopes from fission product waste solutions. This investigation is concerned with the recovery of some of the fission elements for use in radiochemical and medical research and in industry.

At present little effort is made to recover useful fission elements. The fission product waste solutions are treated to reduce the volume and are stored until the radiological hazard is reduced and are then disposed …

The Dissolution Of Magnesium In Strong Acids, Baldev K. Bhatia

Masters Theses

"The rapidly growing demand for magnesium and magnesium-base alloys in the manufacture of aircraft has led to a great amount of research into the corrosion characteristics of these materials. The result of such research has been the development of suitable magnesium alloys and protective coatings to retard corrosion.

The standard electrode potential of magnesium lies between -2.35 volts and -2.54 volts at 25⁰C (hydrogen scale). Thus, magnesium lies next to aluminium in the electrochemical series of elements. The atmospheric corrosion of magnesium has been studied under conditions of indoor and outdoor exposure. Under these conditions the initial attack is formation …

A Study Of The Permeability And Separation Of Carbon Dioxide And Hydrogen By Gaseous Diffusion Employing Barriers Of Polystyrene, Carl J. Wallace

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to study the permeability and separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen by gaseous diffusion employing barriers of polystyrene. The offset of temperature and barrier thickness on the permeability and separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen wore Investigated for barriers of one, three, and five-mil thicknesses and for temperatures of 26, 35, 45, and 50 degrees centigrade.

With an increase in barrier thickness of one to five- mils, the permeability of carbon dioxide decreased to one-fourth of its value at the one-mil thickness. The hydrogen permeability decreased to approximately two- thirds of its value at …

Evaluation Of Protective Paint Films On Steel By X-Ray Diffraction Techniques, Donald Charles Knobeloch

Masters Theses

"Paints and related organic materials provide the most widely used means of protecting metals against corrosion. While corrosion measurements are based on a full range of quantitative methods in physical and analytical chemistry, the basic problem of evaluation work in the field of paint chemistry has been characterized by empirical testing procedures. Field tests are still of major importance and secondly, the relative value of paints may be predicted through exacting laboratory tests. However, the results of accelerated exposure tests have never successfully been correlated with service experience despite the efforts of many laboratories over a period of 35 years …

A Study Of Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids, Edward R. Tegland

Masters Theses

"Since invert emulsions are being applied as drilling fluids to cope with special drilling and completion problems, evaluations of existing and new types of emulsions are needed. Three types of emulsions are evaluated in this study: (1) type A emulsions prepared with a commercial emulsifier, (2) type B emulsions prepared by adding clay to the external phase, and (3) type C emulsions containing no externally added emulsifier.

Standard testing procedures were used to measure the viscosity and filtration properties of the emulsions studied. Interfacial tension measurements were made using a technique described in the literature. The degree of stability for …

Design, Construction And Operation Of Equipment For The Study Of Evaporation Of Aqueous Solutions Using A Simplified Reactor Design Approach, Virendra Kumar Mathur

Masters Theses

"The study of simultaneous heat and mass transfer in flow reactors has attracted the attention of many workers for a long time due to its wide application in the industrial field. These heat and mass transfer studies play an important role in determining the rate equations and in turn the size of the reactor itself. A large number of chemical reactions have been studied by various workers….

The purpose of this work comprised only the initial or exploratory phase of this overall project, and deals with the design, construction and assembling of the equipment necessary to carry out the vaporization …

A Heterocyclic Alkyd Resin, Bhailalbhai M. Patel

Masters Theses

" 'Alkyd’ is a word coined by Kienle in 1927 to designate a class of synthetic resins which include the complexes resulting from the reaction of polyhydric alcohols and resinifying carboxylic organic aromatic acids or their anhydrides. The word in a broad sense is generally considered to apply to many modifications of these resins - drying, semi-drying and non-drying oil-modified alkyds. It was derived from the words alcohol and acid by combining “al” and “cid” and for euphony changing the ”cid” to “kyd” – al(cid)kyd.

Compounds having rings composed solely of carbon atoms are called homocyclic compounds or carbocyclic compounds. …

The Redesign And Construction Of A Rotating Disc Contactor, Richard Henry Okenfuss

Masters Theses

"Liquid-liquid extraction has played a major role in the processing of nuclear fuels. The Department of Chemical Engineering of the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy realizing this, petitioned the Atomic Energy Commission for funds to design and construct an instructional facility representing the chemical processing of nuclear fuels. With this unit and its solvent recovery equipment, in which stress is placed on extraction and distillation, not only are the principles of nuclear fuels processing demonstrated, but the more basic concepts of mass and energy transfer are also illustrated. Extraction depends upon solubility differences to achieve a transfer of a …

Determination Of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data By Continuous Distillation, David William Bunch

Masters Theses

"The procuring of experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data has been a problem of considerable importance to chemical engineers for a number of years. Modern distillation theory and practice have made accurate vapor-liquid equilibrium data practically a necessity.

Using conventional methods for determining vapor-liquid equilibrium data, an experimenter can obtain only a single vapor-liquid equilibrium composition per trial. Ramalho working with Tiller has developed a new method which makes possible the determination of all values of the vapor and liquid concentrations in a single experiment.

The work done by Ramalho indicated that the necessity for very precise temperature measurements presented a serious …

The Separation Of Selected Radioactive Fission Products By Electrodialysis, Jerry David Vie

Masters Theses

"The recent advent of nuclear energy has opened an era of almost unlimited power and countless problems. A problem of extreme importance is the recovery of unburned nuclear fuel and the claiming of transmutation products, such as Pu²³⁹ and U²³³, from the irradiated fuel elements. The chemical processing must also separate the fission products from the fissionable material if the fuel is to be used again.

At present, the irradiated fuel elements are stored for 90 to 120 days to allow the intense short half-life activity to decay. After "cooling down", the nuclear fuels are separated from …

Construction Of A Pulsed Perforated-Plate Extraction Unit, Clarence James Vetter Jr.

Masters Theses

"Liquid-liquid extraction is an important operation in the production and reprocessing of nuclear fuels. In the purification of uranium by liquid-liquid extraction, uranyl nitrate is separated from impurities by extraction into an organic solvent, followed by re-extraction into an aqueous phase. Further processing of the aqueous uranyl nitrate solution is tailored to yield uranium metal or any desired uranium compound.

In order that students in nuclear and chemical engineering may have an understanding of the practical as well as theoretical aspects of liquid-liquid extraction, a model of a uranium purification plant was designed and built in the Unit Operations Laboratory …

Construction Of Distillation Solvent Recovery System, Joseph Richard Aid Iii

Masters Theses

"When a nuclear fuel is “burnt” in an atomic reactor it is not possible to completely utilize the fissionable material present due to build-up of fission products (which act as poisons), depletion of the fissionable material, and radiation damage to the fuel elements. Chemical processing of nuclear fuels is concerned with the recovery of the fissionable materials, specifically uranium, plutonium, and thorium, from the spent fuel elements. There are two general methods of reprocessing nuclear fuels: aqueous and non-aqueous. The aqueous methods include solvent extraction, ion exchange, and precipitation. Comprising the non-aqueous methods are fluoride volatility and pyrometallurgy. At the …

The Separation And Microdetermination Of Cobalt In High Purity Nickel, John Richard Knapp Jr.

Masters Theses

"It has been found that many substances in an extremely pure form or containing certain trace impurities exhibit many unique physical and chemical properties. Investigators studying these properties have encountered many difficulties, especially in preparing the extremely pure substance and/or in accurately determining the quantity of impurities present. These problems arise chiefly from the very similar chemical properties of the constituents being separated and the possibility of contamination during the necessary processing of the substance for purification or analysis.

Trace analysis, therefore, has become very important in recent years. Where previously analyses based upon parts per hundred were adequate, now …

The Lattice Constants Of Chromium And Vanadium Containing Dissolved Gases, Paluri Bhimeswara Rao

Masters Theses

"The physical properties of chromium and vanadium are so important that a study of their lattice constants and their coefficients of thermal expansion, requires special consideration.

A number of research workers, over a period of about forty years, have done considerable work in determining the above constants. Some of the previous investigators found an anomaly in the thermal expansion, electrical resistivity and other physical properties of chromium. They observed that at about 37°C, chromium showed a discontinuity in the above physical properties. However it is not known what causes the discontinuity in the expansivity curve of chromium. The discontinuity may …

Graphical Solution Of Concentration At Production Wells Of Injected Radioactive Water Tracers, George E. Vaughn Jr.

Masters Theses

"With the advent of field research in which radioactive isotopes are used as tracers for water injected in secondary-recovery operations, knowledge of the probable transit time between wells of an injected tracer, its concentration at detection points, and the resultant optimum injection concentration has become important. Both detection and, consequently, injection concentrations of radioactive tracers are at least in part functions of the loss of tracer for various reasons, flow characteristics between wells, the rate of decay of radioactive emission, and the sensitivity of the detection apparatus. A method, based on the characteristics of a homogeneous 5-spot system, has been …

Evaluation Of The Force Constants Of Non-Polar Gases From Viscosity Data, Charles Warren Keller

Masters Theses

"Studies of the intermolecular forces and potential energy functions have been largely of a theoretical nature. Various empirical statements representing these theories have been developed and tested. Of these, the Lennard-Jones (6-12) potential is one of the more realistic and has become the most favored when dealing with non-polar molecules.

The values of these “force constants” or the values of the Lennard-Jones (6-12) potential parameters, have been determined from both diffusion and viscosity data. Although these “force constants” can be determined from diffusional measurements as well as viscosity data, the literature is predominately filled with values of force constants which …

Chemical Kinetics Of The Zirconium-Hydrofluoride Reaction, Wayne G. Custead

Masters Theses

"It has been only in recent years that hafnium-free zirconium has been made available for commercial use. When economical methods were developed in 1950 to remove hafnium from zirconium, a metal was produced which not only exhibited good corrosion resistance and desirable physical properties, but which also had a very low absorption cross section for thermal neutrons. These factors have led to its most important application to date, that of a structural material for nuclear reactors.

The outstanding non-nuclear property of zirconium is its corrosion resistance to most mineral acids. Hafnium-free zirconium exhibits outstanding resistance to all mineral acids with …

The Effects Of Ultrasonically-Induced Cavitation Upon Dissolved Oxygen, Free Carbon Dioxide, And Bicarbonate Ion Concentration In Water, Charles Alvin Wentz Jr.

Masters Theses

"Cavitation may be encountered in many scientific fields. Mechanical and civil engineers are concerned with the prevention of cavitation erosion in the design of turbines, propellers, underwater missiles, and similar structures. Biologists and physiologists are seeking more knowledge concerning the tensile strength of liquids, such as, tree sap and the formation of gas bubbles in the blood stream. Finally, the physicist and acoustical engineer must cope with the cavitation problem when working with underwater transducers, cavitation noise, and the propagation of acoustical signals through media in which cavitation is occurring.

There are many forces which hold a liquid together and …

300-Kilocycle Ultrasonic Emulsification Of Paraffin Oil In Distilled Water, John Henry Rother

Masters Theses

"Emulsions have been in existence for thousands of years in the form of cosmetics, food, and medicines. Emulsions cover a vast number of products in both household and industrial use. Homogenized milk, butter, mayonnasise, salad dressing, and sauces are emulsions that are used every day at the dinner table. Medical salves, ointments, cosmetic creams and many other pharmaceuticals are used every day by members of both sexes in the human race. Waxes and polishes for automobiles, metal, floors, leathers, and furniture are emulsions. All of the new so called "wonder paints" and "rubber-base paints" are nothing more than an emulsion …

Effect Of Alkaline Earth Chlorides On Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Of Acetic Acid-Water System, James F. Carnahan

Masters Theses

"In the separation of a system of liquids by distillation the ease with which they may be separated is most clearly indicated by the relative volatility; the greater the value of the relative volatility, the greater the ease of separation.

A system that contains compounds whose boiling points are spread over a relatively small temperature range is not readily separated by distillation. The addition of a substance that reduces the vapor pressure of one of the components, while having little or no effect on the others, adds to the ease of separation and consequently would decrease the initial size and …

A Comparison Of The Effect Of Pvt Data Application Methods On Predicted Depletion Drive Reservoir Performance, Frederick A. Klein

Masters Theses

"It is generally agreed that the evolution of gas from oil within a reservoir is most closely approximated by the differential liberation process, while gas liberation in the flow string, surface separator, and stock tank is most nearly represented by flash liberation. To conform with this assumed physical behavior, appropriate application of both flash and differential liberation data in the computation of reservoir performance by material balance methods is indicated.

In this work, simple depletion-drive oil and gas recoveries were calculated (1) using differential liberation data only, and (2) using differential liberation data adjusted to incorporate the results of flash …