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Articles 151 - 180 of 366
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Intraocular Pressure Changes: An Important Determinant Of The Biocompatibility Of Intravitreous Implants, Ashwin Nair, Ling Zou, Hong Weng, Yi-Ting Tsai, Zhibing Hu, Liping Tang
Intraocular Pressure Changes: An Important Determinant Of The Biocompatibility Of Intravitreous Implants, Ashwin Nair, Ling Zou, Hong Weng, Yi-Ting Tsai, Zhibing Hu, Liping Tang
Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive
No abstract provided.
Prostate Cancer Detection Using Combined Autofluorescence And Light Reflectance Spectroscopy: Ex Vivo Study Of Human Prostates, Vikrant Sharma, Ephrem O. Olweny, Payal Kapur, Jeffrey A. Cadeddu, Claus G. Roehrborn, Hanli Liu
Prostate Cancer Detection Using Combined Autofluorescence And Light Reflectance Spectroscopy: Ex Vivo Study Of Human Prostates, Vikrant Sharma, Ephrem O. Olweny, Payal Kapur, Jeffrey A. Cadeddu, Claus G. Roehrborn, Hanli Liu
Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive
This study was conducted to evaluate the capability of detecting prostate cancer (PCa) using auto-fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy (AFLS) and light reflectance spectroscopy (LRS). AFLS used excitation at 447 nm with four emission wavelengths (532, 562, 632, and 684 nm), where their lifetimes and weights were analyzed using a double exponent model. LRS was measured between 500 and 840 nm and analyzed by a quantitative model to determine hemoglobin concentrations and light scattering. Both AFLS and LRS were taken on n = 724 distinct locations from both prostate capsular (nc = 185) and parenchymal (np = 539) tissues, including PCa tissue, …
Tissue Engineering Bone Using Autologous Progenitor Cells In The Peritoneum, Jinhui Shen, Ramesh Saxena, Cheng Cheng Zhang, Joseph Borrelli Jr., Liping Tang, Ashwin Nair
Tissue Engineering Bone Using Autologous Progenitor Cells In The Peritoneum, Jinhui Shen, Ramesh Saxena, Cheng Cheng Zhang, Joseph Borrelli Jr., Liping Tang, Ashwin Nair
Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive
No abstract provided.
Atlas-Guided Volumetric Diffuse Optical Tomography Enhanced By Generalized Linear Model Analysis To Image Risk Decision-Making Responses In Young Adults, Zi-Jing Lin, Lin Li, Mary Cazzell, Hanli Liu
Atlas-Guided Volumetric Diffuse Optical Tomography Enhanced By Generalized Linear Model Analysis To Image Risk Decision-Making Responses In Young Adults, Zi-Jing Lin, Lin Li, Mary Cazzell, Hanli Liu
Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive
No abstract provided.
Decreased Expression Of Microtubules In Confined Microenvironments Leads To A Reduced Effect Of Paclitaxel On Breast Cancer Cells, Bailey Sayles
Decreased Expression Of Microtubules In Confined Microenvironments Leads To A Reduced Effect Of Paclitaxel On Breast Cancer Cells, Bailey Sayles
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Despite the current medical options available to patients, cancer cells frequently remain after treatment and metastasize. This is particularly significant because secondary cancers account for 90% of cancer-related fatalities. Using standard lithography techniques to make PDMS-based microchannel devices, different microenvironments for studying metastasizing (MDA-MB-231) and non-metastasizing (MCF-7) breast cancer cells were created. While the cells were in the narrow and wide microchannels, effects of the anti-cancer drug Paclitaxel at different concentrations were examined and compared with the traditional Transwell assay. Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules inside the cell and restricts replication, making it an ideal drug to target for quickly dividing cancer …
A Glm/Ica Analysis Using Motion Tracking And Electromyography Differentiates Between Brain Activation Due To Intended And Unintended Motions In Fnirs Images Acquired During A Finger Tapping Task Performed By Children With Cerebral Palsy, Nathan Hervey
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Functional neurological imaging has been shown to be valuable in evaluating brain plasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). In recent studies it has been demonstrated that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a viable and sensitive method for imaging motor cortex activities in children with CP. However, during unilateral finger tapping tasks children with CP often exhibit mirror motions (unintended motions in the non-tapping hand), and current fNIRS image formation techniques do not account for these motions. Therefore, the resulting fNIRS images contain activation from both intended and unintended motions. In this study, cortical activity was mapped with fNIRS on …
Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Pleiotrophin-Mediated Regeneration Across Long-Gap Injuries And Investigations Into Amputation Neuroma Pain, Benjamin Johnston
Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Pleiotrophin-Mediated Regeneration Across Long-Gap Injuries And Investigations Into Amputation Neuroma Pain, Benjamin Johnston
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Peripheral nerve injuries can be a chronic clinical challenge for patients. Long recovery periods, functional deficits, and neuropathic pain all complicate healing. Although peripheral nerves are able to regenerate, most gap nerve injuries are repaired by autograft, which induces a secondary injury and provides suboptimal recovery of function. This work provides insights into the use of Pleiotrophin (PTN) to bridge long-gap injures and assess the functional recovery of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) injury model. In addition to regeneration strategies, a painful neuroma-blocking conduit was developed to help patients with amputation neuromas. Lastly, this work addresses the unusual phenomenon of …
Methodological Advances And Application Of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy To Guide Cortical Stimulation For Physical Recovery In Patients With Brain Injury, Bilal Khan
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Non-invasive cortical stimulation used in conjunction with physical therapy can enhance the motor performance of persons with brain injury. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive cortical stimulation technique that modulates cortical activation by delivering weak current through a pair of anodal-cathodal (excitation-suppression) electrodes, placed on the scalp over the targeted cortical centers. Recently, application of tDCS over the sensorimotor cortex of stroke patients in conjunction with physical therapy has been shown to induce beneficial plasticity in the injured brain resulting in improved motor performance. However, in all currently reported tDCS-based interventions the locations of electrode pairs used to …
Polymeric Nano/ Microparticles For Management Of Pulmonary Diseases, Jyothi Unnikrishna Menon
Polymeric Nano/ Microparticles For Management Of Pulmonary Diseases, Jyothi Unnikrishna Menon
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Drug delivery via pulmonary route has emerged as an attractive area of study in the past two decades. This method of administration has multiple advantages for both systemic and local drug delivery due to the availability of a large surface area for drug absorption and higher solute permeability in the lung. Most importantly, inhalational drug delivery provides direct accessibility to the lung via a noninvasive route of administration. Recent literature has shown a surge in the use of nano/micro particles for a wide range of pulmonary applications ranging from targeted and controlled drug delivery to drug screening and tissue regeneration. …
Establishing The Method Of Dual-Tensor For Tract Based Analysis (Dtta) And Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome With Diffusion Mri, Virendra Radheshyam Mishra
Establishing The Method Of Dual-Tensor For Tract Based Analysis (Dtta) And Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome With Diffusion Mri, Virendra Radheshyam Mishra
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has the unique ability of studying white matter fiber structure in the human brain in-vivo. The trajectory of the white matter fibers inside the brain can be mapped using the tractography techniques and their structural integrity can be assessed with the help of various metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). But with typical dMRI in clinical applications, almost half of human brain white matter (WM) voxels has crossing-fiber regions (CFR) where WM microstructural integrity is significantly underestimated with single tensor FA. A technique adapted to WM tract analysis and correcting the …
Ultrasound-Modulated Fluorescence Techniques, Yuan Liu
Ultrasound-Modulated Fluorescence Techniques, Yuan Liu
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Ultrasound-modulated fluorescence (UMF) imaging has been proposed as a novel imaging modality by combining ultrasound and optical imaging techniques for early cancer detection. In UMF, a focused ultrasound beam is used to modulate the diffused fluorescence photons in the acoustic focal region, and by specifically analyzing the modulated photons, one can isolate and quantify the fluorescence properties within the ultrasonic focal area. Therefore, UMF is able to provide fluorescence contrast while maintaining ultrasound resolution in tissue. The major challenge of UMF is to extract the weakly modulated fluorescence signal from a bright and unmodulated background, i.e. the low modulation efficiency. …
Evaluation And Use Of Regenerative Multi Electrode Interfaces In Peripheral Nerves, Vidhi Desai
Evaluation And Use Of Regenerative Multi Electrode Interfaces In Peripheral Nerves, Vidhi Desai
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Peripheral nerves offer unique accessibility to the innate motor and sensory pathways that can be interfaced with high degree of selectivity for intuitive and bidirectional control of advanced upper extremity prosthetic limbs. Several peripheral nerve interfaces have been proposed and investigated over the last few decades with significant progress made in the area of sensory feedback. However, clinical translation still remains a formidable challenge due to the lack of long term recordings. Prominent causes include signal degradation, eventual interface failures, and lack of specificity in the low amplitude nerve signals. This dissertation evaluates the capabilities of the newly developed Regenerative …
Development Of Trans-Rectal Ultrasound (Trus) Coupled Diffuse Optical Tomography (Dot) For Prostate Cancer Imaging, Venkaiah Chowdary Kavuri
Development Of Trans-Rectal Ultrasound (Trus) Coupled Diffuse Optical Tomography (Dot) For Prostate Cancer Imaging, Venkaiah Chowdary Kavuri
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes among cancer deaths in men in the United States. A minimally invasive real time searching tool for cancer need to be developed, which can enhance the odds of cancer detection; Current diagnostic techniques such as Trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) suffers from low sensitivity and specificity. The goal of the dissertation is to develop a Trans-Rectal Ultrasound (TRUS) coupled Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) probe that can detect and image prostate cancer. To accomplish the task, an optical clip-on probe has been designed that can incorporate the existing ultrasound probe and can pass through the …
Biliary Tract Differentiation Through Use Of Visible To Nir Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging, Eleanor F. Wehner
Biliary Tract Differentiation Through Use Of Visible To Nir Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging, Eleanor F. Wehner
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Cholecystectomies are one of the most common surgeries performed in the United States, and most of the complications which arise from these are injuries to the common bile duct (CBD) resulting from a misidentification of anatomy. Reflectance hyperspectral imaging (HSI) offers a low-cost, non-invasive tool to record superficial chemical spectra of a field of view in many surgical applications. A NIR DLP HSI system is assembled and characterized, and used to gather preliminary CBD reflectance HSI data cubes. NIR hyperspectral imaging (760 nm to 1600 nm) with the DLP HSI system proves ineffectual, so CBD reflectance hyperspectral data collection progresses …
Mri Assessment Of Brain Vascular Reactivity To Physiological Challenges, Binu Panjikattil Thomas
Mri Assessment Of Brain Vascular Reactivity To Physiological Challenges, Binu Panjikattil Thomas
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
With a growing need for specific biomarkers in vascular diseases, the past decade has seen a surging interest in mapping brain vascular reactivity. There is great potential that this CVR mapping can be added to standard clinical MRI protocol, but before this is achieved, we need to better understand the mechanism of BOLD signal change to physiological challenges. A signal increase in the BOLD image is usually seen to CO₂ inhalation, but there are reports of negative CVR as well, i.e. decrease in BOLD signal during inhalation of CO₂ gas. Negative CVR is usually seen in patients with vascular occlusions, …
Computational Modeling Of Drug Release From Nerve Guide Conduit Of Different Designs, Lokesh Shamkant Patil
Computational Modeling Of Drug Release From Nerve Guide Conduit Of Different Designs, Lokesh Shamkant Patil
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Currently there are limited effective strategies and surgical methods for repairing gap peripheral nerve injuries. Autografts are commonly used but with major limitation in the availability of donor graft material and the painful sensations at donor site. These limitations call for the development of new, effective methods for repairing peripheral nerve injuries. The use of nerve guide conduits to facilitate nerve growth and repair have shown promising potential with minimum side-effects but still with limited success in a full functional recovery. The likely clinical outcome could benefit significantly with the use of engineering methodologies in the design, fabrication, surgical delivery …
Cross Wavelet Analysis Of Cerebral Hemodynamics In Young And Older Adults, Mrunmayee Sunil Gandhi
Cross Wavelet Analysis Of Cerebral Hemodynamics In Young And Older Adults, Mrunmayee Sunil Gandhi
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Measurement of cerebral autoregulation is important for the evaluation of a number of clinical disorders that affect cerebral blood flow. Cerebral autoregulation is a mechanism that involves dilation and constriction in arterioles to maintain relatively stable cerebral blood flow in response to changes of systemic blood pressure. Traditional assessments of autoregulation focus on the changes of cerebral blood flow velocity in response to large blood pressure fluctuations induced by interventions. This approach is not feasible for patients with impaired autoregulation or cardiovascular regulation. Therefore in this thesis, a non-stationary time-frequency analysis method, Cross Wavelet Transform is used, which assess autoregulation …
Simulation Feasibility Studies Of A High Density Fnirs Imaging System, Pallavi Natekar
Simulation Feasibility Studies Of A High Density Fnirs Imaging System, Pallavi Natekar
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technique that enables monitoring brain function, by detecting changes in near-infrared light absorbance resulting from changes in brain hemodynamics during periods of rest and activation. Although the technique has some advantages over other conventional functional imaging methods with its inherently high temporal sampling and detection sensitivity, the sparse spatial sampling of current fNIRS systems limits spatial resolution and requires help from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to attain spatial co-registration with anatomical structures. In this work we have performed simulations to test the feasibility of using a high density spatial sampling system as a …
Prefrontal Responses To Digit Span Memory Phases In Patients With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd): A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study, Fenghua Tian, Amarnath Yennu, Alexa Smith-Osborne, F. Gonzalez-Lima, Carol S. North, Hanli Liu
Prefrontal Responses To Digit Span Memory Phases In Patients With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd): A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study, Fenghua Tian, Amarnath Yennu, Alexa Smith-Osborne, F. Gonzalez-Lima, Carol S. North, Hanli Liu
Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive
Neuroimaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related memory impairments have consistently implicated abnormal activities in the frontal and parietal lobes. However, most studies have used block designs and could not dissociate the multiple phases of working memory. In this study, the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in working memory phases was assessed among veterans with PTSD and age-/ gender-matched healthy controls. Multichannel functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was utilized to measure prefrontal cortex hemodynamic activations during memory of neutral (i.e., not trauma-related) forward and backward digit span tasks. An event-related experimental design was utilized to dissociate the different phases (i.e., …
Performance Of Wavelet Denoising And Automatic Detection Of Action Potentials On Simulated And Real Electrneurographic Recordings, Manikandan Ravi
Performance Of Wavelet Denoising And Automatic Detection Of Action Potentials On Simulated And Real Electrneurographic Recordings, Manikandan Ravi
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
About 1 in 200 people living in the U.S have had an amputation at some stage in their lives. Development of neurally controlled artificial limb prosthesis with the ability to finely control motor activity continues to prove difficult for researchers in the field. One approach is to use the signals obtained from the peripheral nerves by placing an intraneural electrode in the nerve. Since this signal is very noisy, much of the useful information is either lost or buried in the noise even after FIR filtering. Furthermore, there is a need for fast, automated detection of action potentials in order …
Long Gap Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Using Decellularized Nerve Grafts, Srikanth Vasudevan
Long Gap Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Using Decellularized Nerve Grafts, Srikanth Vasudevan
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Peripheral nerve injuries that arise as a result of trauma, tumor excision or birth can adversely affect the quality of patient life, leading to lifelong disabilities in some cases. Autologous nerve grafts are the clinical "gold standard" for long gap nerve repair, and allogeneic nerve grafts are considered the next best treatment option. Despite having numerous benefits, autologous nerve grafts are associated with limited supply, longer operation time, risk of infection, painful neuroma formation and most importantly, loss of function at the donor site. Allogeneic nerve grafts require transient immunosuppression, which exposes the patients to risks of infection, toxicity and …
Protoporphyrin Ix (Ppix)-Conjugated Self-Lighting Nanoparticles For Photodynamic Therapy: Synthesis And Characterization, Homa Homayoni
Protoporphyrin Ix (Ppix)-Conjugated Self-Lighting Nanoparticles For Photodynamic Therapy: Synthesis And Characterization, Homa Homayoni
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
In Photodynamic therapy (PDT) PDT, cancer destruction relies on applying a photosensitizing drug (PS) followed by light. Absorbed light can activate the PS to transfer energy to existing molecules and substrates or to oxygen to generate singlet oxygen which are highly toxic to cells. Protophorphyrin IX (PpIX) is a photosensitizers (PSs) which has FDA approval and an absorbance near the Soret band which is 10 times stronger than the absorbance in Q-band (600nm). Our goal was to design a modality to eliminate of external blue light in addition to increasing the drug's water dispersion which finally may result in enhancing …
An Investigation Of Concurrent Variations In Blood Oxygen Saturation And Cerebral Blood Flow During Apnea, Jennifer Swittens
An Investigation Of Concurrent Variations In Blood Oxygen Saturation And Cerebral Blood Flow During Apnea, Jennifer Swittens
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Sleep apnea derived from Greek word "apnoia" which means "without air or temporary interruption in breathing", is a sleep - associated breathing disorder that involves a decrease or complete stop in airflow despite a constant effort to breathe. It is estimated that sleep apnea is prevalent in the US in 18 million people and is approximately 6% of the population.This thesis aims to study the physiological effects of sleep apnea on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the percentage oxygen saturation (%SaO2), the effect of duration of apnea episode or a breath hold on CBF and %SaO2 and to derive a …
Establishment And Characterization Of An Animal Model Of Distraction Spinal Cord Injury, Jennifer Elisabeth Stearns Bell
Establishment And Characterization Of An Animal Model Of Distraction Spinal Cord Injury, Jennifer Elisabeth Stearns Bell
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Scoliosis corrective surgery requires the application of multidirectional stress forces to the spinal cord, including those of distraction, in addition to the application of fixation rods for correction of the curved spine deformity. If excessive, spine distraction may result in the development of new neurologic deficits, some as severe as permanent paralysis. Intraoperative monitoring is used to alert the surgeon to possible complications; however, the complex nature of spinal cord injury (SCI) involves a primary mechanical insult to the tissue and/or vasculature that may go undetected by monitoring. This is followed by the activation of widespread secondary injury mechanisms. The …
Diffuse Optical Tomography To Study The Ischemic Stroke In Rat Models, Zi-Jing Lin
Diffuse Optical Tomography To Study The Ischemic Stroke In Rat Models, Zi-Jing Lin
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Stroke, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, is the major leading cause of death in the United States. More than 80 percent of stroke patients are diagnosed with ischemic stroke, which usually results from blockage of artery in the brain by thrombosis or arterial embolism. Animal Models, which permit powerful genetic and molecular approaches, provide an essential tool to study and understand the basic processes and potential therapeutic interventions for this disease. Significant efforts have been made to closely mimic the changes that occur in humans during and after stroke using animal models. Recent development on near infrared (NIR) diffuse …
The Pivotal Role Of Fibrocytes On Foreign Body Reactions, David William Baker
The Pivotal Role Of Fibrocytes On Foreign Body Reactions, David William Baker
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Fibrocytes are circulating connective tissue precursor cells that were first described in 1994 by Bucala et al. as mediators of the innate immune response [1]. Recently the notion of a fibrocyte has not only gained widespread acceptance, but these cells have been identified to participate in a number of disease and pathologic states including aberrant wound repair, fibrosis of organs, cardiovascular disease, and even normal aging. Despite these advancements, little was known about the response of these dynamic cells to biomaterial implants and foreign body reactions. The main focus of my thesis work has therefore focused on investigating fibrocyte-mediate responses, …
Noninvasive Assessment Of Tumor Hypoxia Using Oxygen Sensitive Mri In Prostate Tumor Models, Rashmi Reddy Pabhathi Reddy
Noninvasive Assessment Of Tumor Hypoxia Using Oxygen Sensitive Mri In Prostate Tumor Models, Rashmi Reddy Pabhathi Reddy
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
A variety of solid tumors reveal oxygen deficiency as a result of rapid growth and insufficient tumor angiogenesis. Hypoxia in solid tumors appears to speed up malignant progression and metastatic potential of primary tumors thus leading to resistance against anticancer drugs and decreased response to radiotherapy.Of various in vivo non-invasive techniques to assess tumor hypoxia, oxygen-sensitive MRI (BOLD and TOLD) is an attractive and reliable option. Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) and Tissue Oxygen Level Dependent (TOLD) MRI offer potential insight into tumor hypoxia. BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependant) contrast MRI which measures R2* (1/T2*) is sensitive to endogenous paramagnetic …
Development Of Non-Invasive Methods For Imaging Inflammatory Response, Yi-Ting Tsai
Development Of Non-Invasive Methods For Imaging Inflammatory Response, Yi-Ting Tsai
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Persistent inflammatory cell reactions are responsible for the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Although many non-invasive imaging methods have been used in the clinics to monitor the extent of inflammatory responses, almost all of them are based on indirect detection of inflammation-associated anatomical or structure changes of tissues and organs. To fill the gap, our laboratory has focused research efforts on detecting different processes of inflammatory responses. Our results can be summarized in the sequence of inflammatory responses - edema formation, inflammatory cell recruitment, inflammatory product release, and cell death. Shortly after medical device implantation or injury, edema …
Kinetics Analyses Of Interactions Between Oncogenic And Tumor Suppressor Proteins By Quantitative High Resolution Microscopy Methods, Shu-Fen Tseng
Kinetics Analyses Of Interactions Between Oncogenic And Tumor Suppressor Proteins By Quantitative High Resolution Microscopy Methods, Shu-Fen Tseng
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
DAB2IP is correlated to the risk of aggressive prostate cancer and loss of DAB2IP not only leads to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but also makes cells radioresistant. These observations support the notion that improved knowledge of DAB2IP involvement in cellular pathways could be of help to cancer therapy. The goal of this work was to enable the study of how DAB2IP and some of its known key molecular partners interact in the cell by a combination of molecular biology techniques and recently reported quantitative fluorescence microscopy methods. The first part of this work was dedicated on investigating the interaction of DAB2IP …
Mesenchymal Stem Cells As Targeted Cell Vehicles To Deliver Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles For Cancer Therapy, Kytai Truong Nguyen
Mesenchymal Stem Cells As Targeted Cell Vehicles To Deliver Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles For Cancer Therapy, Kytai Truong Nguyen
Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive
No abstract provided.