Engineering Commons^™

Electrochemical Reduction Of Co2 Using Metal Nanoparticles, Evan Michael Andrews

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The electrochemical reduction of CO₂ has been proposed as a method of storing electrical energy from renewable sources in the form of hydrocarbon fuels. By reverting CO₂ into high energy density fuels, a CO₂-neutral fuel cycle becomes possible while still hydrocarbon fueled engines. Cu and Au metals have been found to be particularly effective at catalyzing this reaction, yielding a majority of hydrocarbons and CO respectively. However, the CO₂ electroreduction reaction is still poorly understood and catalysts that possess both high energy efficiency and high yield are not yet developed. Nanoscale catalysts offer the ability …

Examining Accident Reports Involving Autonomous Vehicles In California, Francesca Favaro, Nazanin Nader, Sky Eurich, Michelle Tripp, Naresh Varadaraju

Faculty Publications

Autonomous Vehicle technology is quickly expanding its market and has found in Silicon Valley, California, a strong foothold for preliminary testing on public roads. In an effort to promote safety and transparency to consumers, the California Department of Motor Vehicles has mandated that reports of accidents involving autonomous vehicles be drafted and made available to the public. The present work shows an in-depth analysis of the accident reports filed by different manufacturers that are testing autonomous vehicles in California (testing data from September 2014 to March 2017). The data provides important information on autonomous vehicles accidents’ dynamics, related to the …

Qualitative Analysis Of Loss Of Control Aircraft Accidents Using Text Mining Techniques, Carolina Anderson, Maryjo O. Smith

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The purpose of this study was to analyze the narrative National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident cause descriptions for general aviation (GA) Loss of Control (LOC) accident reports by the different certification categories: Federal Aviation Regulations Part 23 (Part 23), Civil Air Regulations 3 (CAR 3), Light Sport Aircraft (LSA), and Experimental-Amateur Built (E-AB). Airworthiness certification categories represent a wide diversity of government oversight. Part 23 rules have evolved from the initial set of simpler design standards and have progressed into a comprehensive and strict set of rules to address the safety issues of the more complex airplanes within the …

Introduction To H2020 Project C3harme: Next Generation Ceramic Composites For Combustion Harsh Environments And Space, Diletta Sciti, Laura Silvestroni, Luca Zoli, Antonio Vinci, Frederic Monteverde

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Materials for aeronautical and space applications largely involve ceramic matrix composites, CMCs, made of carbon or silicon carbide. However, C/C composites suffer from poor erosion resistance while silicon-based ceramics, SiC/SiC or C/SiC composites, may undergo strong ablation due to the formation and volatilization of silica. In recent years, Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics, UHTCs, have shown outstanding erosion resistance at temperatures up to 2000°C or even higher but they still cannot resist to thermal shocks and damage. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for advanced materials with temperature capability in highly corrosive environments to enable space vehicles to resist several launches and …

Continuous Manufacturing - Ema Perspective And Experience, Nino Mihokovic

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Continuous manufacturing provides a distinct set of advantages and challenges from technical and regulatory viewpoints. Challenges such as batch definition and traceability, dynamic control strategies, use of Process Analytical Technologies, validation strategies and specifications are some of the areas which can require new perspectives from both industry and regulators. This presentation will reflect on the current regulatory environment and principles applied to continuous manufacturing; it aims to share the European experience with marketing authorisation applications using aspects of continuous manufacturing; and outlines Agency support to innovation and opportunities to consult and interact with the regulatory authorities during various stages of …

Continuous Freeze-Drying And Its Relevance To The Pharma/Biotech Industry, Roberto Pisano, Luigi C. Capozzi, Bernhardt Trout

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

The new paradigm of pharmaceutical industry is to move from batch to continuous processes in order to satisfy the stringent requirements of quality, safety and efficiency set by regulatory authorities and reduce production costs. In this perspective, freeze-drying needs to be completely rethought in order to be more integrated in the chain of production of drugs, more flexible to respond to variations in market needs and allowing the monitoring of product quality. The future of freeze-drying, as a downstream process, is therefore to move from batch to continuous. Over the past decades many ideas regarding continuous freeze-drying has been proposed, …

Relative Target Estimation Using A Cascade Of Extended Kalman Filters, Jerel Nielsen, Randal Beard

Student Works

This paper presents a method of tracking multiple ground targets from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a 3D reference frame. The tracking method uses a monocular camera and makes no assumptions on the shape of the terrain or the target motion. The UAV runs two cascaded estimators. The first is an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which is responsible for tracking the UAV’s state, such as position and velocity relative to a fixed frame. The second estimator is an EKF that is responsible for estimating a fixed number of landmarks within the camera’s field of view. Landmarks are parameterized by …

Rarefication Effects On Jet Impingement Loads, Shiying Cai, Chunpei Cai, Kai Zhang, Jun Li

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Rarefication effects on jet impingement loads are studied by comparing recent new formulas at the collisionless flow limit and numerical simulations. The jet exit size is finite, and can be either planar or round. In the simulations, the jets have different degrees of rarefication, with a Knudsen (Kn) number ranging from 0 to infinity; i.e., the jet flows can be continuum, collisional, or collisionless. The comparison results indicate that (1) the new surface load formulas are accurate at the collisionless flow limit; (2) in general, the formulas offer upper limits for the peak loads; (3) however, it is improper to …

Feasibility Analysis Of Electric Roadways, Regan Zane

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

Patentability Of Living Matter Related To Biofuel Production In The U.S., Nathan K. Shrewsbury

Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Can Schools Use Nanotechnology To Prevent Cell Phones From Ringing, Sarah C. Boyer

Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Conversion Of An Industrial Batch Separation Process To An Autonomous Integrated Downstream Process – A Case Study Anton Lofgren, Lund University, Sweden, Anton Löfgren, Niklas Andersson, Joaquin Gomis Fons, Anton Sellberg, Bernt Nilsson

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

In this contribution an industrial case study, consisting of several unit operations operated in batch mode, was converted to an integrated separation process. The complete downstream process consisted of an anion exchange step, followed by virus inactivation and finally a hydrophobic interaction step. Moving from batch to integrated separation minimizes hold-up times, storage tanks and required equipment. The conversion from batch to integrated mode was achieved by extracting operating points and separation data from batch chromatograms. The integrated separation process was realized on an ÄKTA Pure controlled by a newly developed software called Orbit. The setup consisted of two column …

Feasibility Research Of Gaining “Refractory High Entropy Carbides” Through In Situ Carburization Of Refractory High Entropy Alloys, Yuanlin Ai, Shuxin Bai, Li’An Zhu, Yicong Ye

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Abstract: High entropy alloys (HEAs) refer to solid solution alloys which contain five or more principal elements in equal or near equal atomic percent. Due to their unique structures, HEAs have superior comprehensive properties compared with the conventional alloys based on only one element. The property improvement based on the effect of high entropy may works on the refractory carbides used in ultra-high temperature ceramics. Therefore, a solid carburization method was employed on a refractory high entropy alloy of HfZrTiTa to prepare in situ the possible “Refractory High Entropy Carbides”. The microstructure, micro-hardness and oxidation resistance of the carburized layer …

Ultra High Temperature Ceramics For Hypersonic Space Vehicles: Opportunities And Challenges, Bikramjit Basu

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Among ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTC), ZrB₂-based ceramics have received the most attention for applications in the leading edge of hypersonic space vehicles. Despite significant research efforts, the development of ZrB₂-SiC based ceramics in reference to performance-qualifying property assessment (shock resistance, ablation, etc.) together with the design of thermal protection system (TPS) has not been extensively reported in literature. While briefly presenting our recent research in this direction, I shall discuss myriad of opportunities and challenges ahead in TPS design for hypersonic space vehicles.

To begin with, results of the carefully designed experiments using innovative multi-stage spark …

Developing Grounded Goals Through Instant Replay Learning, Lisa Meeden, Douglas S. Blank

Computer Science Faculty Research and Scholarship

This paper describes and tests a developmental architecture that enables a robot to explore its world, to find and remember interesting states, to associate these states with grounded goal representations, and to generate action sequences so that it can re-visit these states of interest. The model is composed of feed-forward neural networks that learn to make predictions at two levels through a dual mechanism of motor babbling for discovering the interesting goal states and instant replay learning for developing the grounded goal representations. We compare the performance of the model with grounded goal representations versus random goal representations, and find …

Fouling Mitigation In Membrane Based Perfusion Systems By Oscillating Tangential Flow, Maria Weinberger, Ulrich Kulozik

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Good scalability and robust handling have promoted the application of membrane based cell retention devices. A physical barrier, i.e. a filter, retains cells and cell debris. One major drawback of these devices is their ten-dency to foul and clog. One form of fouling is deposit layer formation on the filter surface, consisting of cells, cell debris and other fermentation broth constituents. This leads to the build-up of a secondary membrane, which can alter the permeation profile. Furthermore, deposit layers lead to an increased filtration resistance and thus negatively affect permeate flux, filtration efficiency and process robustness. In tangential flow filtration, …

Scalable Technologies For Process Intensification In The Continuous Biomanufacturing Factories Of The Future, Gerben Zijlstra

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Continuous and intensified bioprocessing is attracting much attention from biopharmaceutical companies seeking to maximize the efficiency of their manufacturing assets. Continuous and intensified bioprocessing promises smaller facilities, reduced scale-up risk, more consistent product quality and higher throughputs. However, there are still many (technical) challenges for practical implementation of intensified and continuous bioprocesses. In the upstream processing, tools for high throughput intensified and continuous cell culture development are limited, furthermore at 2000 L scale many single use bioreactors may not be suitable to support the high cell densities required for intensified processing. Furthermore, current cell retention systems are expensive, suffer from …

Continuous Gas Processing Without Bubbles Using Thin Liquid Film Bioreactors Containing Biocomposite Biocatalysts, Michael C. Flickinger, Christopher Duran, Adam Wallace, Mark J. Schulte, Orlin D. Velev, Nilay Chakraborty, Michael Guarnieri, Kamelia Boodhoo

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Continuous microbial gas processing without bubbles is possible with thin liquid film, plug flow bioreactors. We have demonstrated that power input can be minimized by using a falling liquid film operating under laminar wavy flow conditions (Re <200) in contact with highly concentrated living, non-growing microbes stabilized in a porous biocomposite biocatalyst. This composite materials approach to continuous gas processing can dramatically increase mass transfer rates >100 fold compared to bubble aeration, decrease process volume, significantly decrease gas-liquid mass transfer energy input, decrease water use, and increase secreted product concentration. We have shown that this approach can also increase microbial specific activity for some organisms compared to microbes suspended in liquid media. Paper-based biocomposite biocatalysts provide a rough hydrophilic surface resulting in uniform ~300 μm thick falling liquid films. …

Up And Down Scale Considerations For The Continuous Production Of Glycooptimized Biopharmaceuticals, Steffen Kreye, Rainer Stahn

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Product quality especially with respect to glycosylation is a critical product attribute which can have an immense influence on the activity of glycoproteins and should be closely monitored during process development and manufacturing. GlycoExpressTM cells have been developed in this context to provide human host cell lines with robust glycosylation machineries. This work will address challenges in two case studies for up and down scaling of production processes with focus on product quality and continuous processing. In a first section, data of a process transfer from a 200 L stainless steel to a 1000 L single-use bioreactor for a continuous …

Bioprocess Intensification And Optimisation Using Macroscopic Predictive Models Of Cell Culture Processes, Bassem Ben Yahia, Boris Fessler, Gwendal Gränicher, An-Vy Tran, Mareike Harmsen, Elmar Heinzle

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Chinese Ovary Hamster (CHO) are an indispensable tool for biotechnological production of biologics which is a multi-million business. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry is increasingly focusing in the use of perfusion mode. Nevertheless, the optimal perfusion rate during biopharmaceutical perfusion production is dependent on cell metabolism which can be characterized by mathematical models. This study provides insights into the predictive capacities of systematic and simple cell modeling approaches of metabolism, growth and production of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) [1] to optimized medium composition and perfusion rate during CHO perfusion culture. We applied the metabolic steady state concept and used a segmented linear …

Phase Transformations In Oxides Above 2000°C: Experimental Technique Development, Sergey V. Ushakov, Alexandra Navrotsky

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Oxidation of carbides-based ultra-high temperature ceramics is the main limiting factor for its use for aerodynamic surfaces. Experimental thermodynamic and structural data for refractory oxides above 2000 °C are mostly absent. The following techniques applied to fill this gap will be discussed: i) Commercial ultra-high temperature differential thermal analyzers (DTA) allow investigation of phase transformations and melting in inert environment to the temperatures up to 2500 °C; ii) Combination of laser heating with splittable nozzle aerodynamic levitator allow splat quenching and drop calorimetry from temperatures limited only by sample evaporation; iii) Synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction on laser heated aerodynamically …

Extended Potentials Of Uhtcmcs In Space Vehicle Extreme Environment Applications - Large System Intergrator View And Expectations, Wolfgang Fischer

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Research and development performed in recent years in the field of UHTC revealed promising properties of these new materials in the field of extreme environments.

Particularly in applications where high thermal loadings are expected these materials offer high potentials of extended performance for various applications.

However, the combination of high thermal loadings together with high mechanical loadings requires a new class of UHTC. By creating UHTCs with fiber reinforcement an improvement of characteristic properties is anticipated.

Research in this very specific area has been initiated and is currently ongoing based on promising ideas.

This class of UHTCMCs is expected to …

Process Intensification: Enabling Technologies And Methodologies, Jonathan Souquet, Xavier Lesaout, Herve Broly

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

The objective of this presentation is to review how emerging continuous manufacturing technology solutions can be leveraged to maximize existing facility utilization, throughput and capacity with particular focus on downstream process applications. Business and Market pressures driving the industry towards more efficient and effective manufacturing models will be reviewed. Downstream process bottlenecks and their impact on facility utilization and productivity will be addressed, and insight into enabling continuous manufacturing technologies and methodologies that can address these challenges will be provided. Case studies will be used to highlight the impact of applying continuous manufacturing principles on cost of supply, facility capacity …

Testing Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics For Thermal Protection And Rocket Applications, Raffaele Savino

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

The work is focused on experimental aerothermodynamic characterization of Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramic materials for aerospace applications. These materials are assuming an increasing importance in aerospace research because their high temperature resistance makes them interesting to develop components for extreme applications, such as thermal protection systems for hypersonic or atmospheric reusable re-entry vehicles, specific components for propulsion, combustion chambers, engines intakes or rocket nozzles. In order to test the materials behavior in extreme relevant environments, different facilities are available, including supersonic arc-jet wind tunnels and lab-scaled rocket motors.

Typical activities include the design of prototypes for the experimental campaigns, tests on material …

Supervisory Control Of Integrated Continuous Downstream Processes, Bernt Nilsson, Niklas Andersson, Joaquin Gomis Fons, Anton Löfgren

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Smart downstream processing can be performed with a sequence of integrated purification steps, which minimize the number of storage tanks and reduce hold-up time. The result is an integrated unit operation sequence that performs straight through processing of the target protein, with minimal time from expression to formulation. This downstream processing technique is well suited to be connected to a continuous upstream process based on perfusion. To develop these kinds of processes it is important to do studies in small-scale in a convenient way. This paper presents a methodology for supervisory control of integrated continuous downstream processes in lab-scale. A …

Ultra Scale-Down Mimics For Perfusion Culture: Experimental Study For Rapid Biopharmaceutical Process Development, Molly Tregidgo, David Pollard, Martina Micheletti

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

With the industry driving towards the implementation of whole continuous bioprocess sequences, there becomes a requirement for the development of scale-down tools with the same consistency, reliability and throughput as those already available for traditional batch processes. This work aims to develop a perfusion scale-down system capable of reproducing the specific characteristics of the perfusion culture process, namely cell retention capabilities, the ability to support high cell densities and to operate for extended periods compared to fed-batch cultures. Cell culture in microwell plates in fed-batch mode is well defined and is in widespread use; however to the best of our …

Molecular Structure And Confining Environment Of Sn Sites In Single-Site Chabazite Zeolites, James W. Harris, Wei-Chih Liao, John R. Di Iorio, Alisa M. Henry, Ta-Chung Ong, Aleix Comas-Vives, Christopher Coperet, Rajamani Gounder

School of Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications

Chabazite (CHA) molecular sieves, which are industrial catalysts for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides and the conversion of methanol into olefins, are also ideal materials in catalysis research because their crystalline frameworks contain one unique tetrahedral-site. The presence of a single lattice site allows for more accurate descriptions of experimental data using theoretical models, and consequently for more precise structure-function relationships of active sites incorporated into framework positions. A direct hydrothermal synthesis route to prepare pure-silica chabazite molecular sieves substituted with framework Sn atoms (Sn-CHA) is developed, which is required to predominantly incorporate Sn within the crystalline lattice. Quantitative …

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav): Flight Performance, Fevens Louis Jean

Student Works

It is important that when measuring the sideslip angle and angles of attack during flight test performance of a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), to fully understand that the Angles of attack and sideslip are parameters that aid in determining the safety of the flight as they improve stability and control of the aircraft. The disadvantage of the measurement of these angles using this method is low accuracy of measurement due to friction to the potentiometers in connection with the vanes. To counter this, a new sensing method was developed to minimize friction and collect more accurate data. The method is …

Conversion Of An Industrial Batch Separation Process To An Autonomous Integrated Downstream Process – A Case Study, Anton Lofgren, Niklas Andersson, Joaquin Gomis Fons, Anton Sellberg, Bernt Nilsson

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

In this contribution an industrial case study, consisting of several unit operations operated in batch mode, was converted to an integrated separation process. The complete downstream process consisted of an anion exchange step, followed by virus inactivation and finally a hydrophobic interaction step. Moving from batch to integrated separation minimizes hold-up times, storage tanks and required equipment. The conversion from batch to integrated mode was achieved by extracting operating points and separation data from batch chromatograms. The integrated separation process was realized on an ÄKTA Pure controlled by a newly developed software called Orbit. The setup consisted of two column …

Application Of Single Pass Tff To Enable Intensified And Continuous Biological Manufacturing, Herb Lutz

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

No abstract provided.