Engineering Commons^™

Conference Program, Eric Duoss, Waltraud M. Kriven

Composites at Lake Louise 2017

No abstract provided.

Sic-Sic Cmcs Using Bn Powder Coated Silicon Carbide Fibers, Eric Ness, Shinichiro Aonuma, Koichi Machida, Charles Lewinsohn

Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Science and Technology of Materials, Design, Applications, Performance and Integration

Silicon carbide composites are desired for use in aerospace, automotive, semiconductor, and high performance materials markets where toughness and graceful failure mechanisms are important. CoorsTek Inc. supplies over one hundred types of engineered ceramic materials, including several compositions of monolithic silicon carbide (SiC). CoorsTek KK, in Japan, has extensive experience processing silicon carbide via several routes, including CVD, reaction bonding, and melt infiltration for commercial production of silicon carbide wafer boats and wafer manipulators. This core competency has been leveraged to accelerate production of silicon carbide matrix composites such as carbon fiber reinforced brakes for performance cars. The most recent …

Image Analysis, Synthesis And Image-Based Modeling Of Ceramic-Matrix Composites, Gerard L. Vignoles

Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Science and Technology of Materials, Design, Applications, Performance and Integration

This presentation will summarize some current research performed at LCTS on CMCs imaging and image-based modeling. Several aspects of SiC fiber-reinforced non-oxide CMCs production and use are envisaged. First, processing by chemical vapor infiltration is addressed through a series of modeling tools allowing the prediction of infiltration gradients as a function of the processing parameters and of the fibrous architecture. Second, the self-healing capability of multiphase, boron- and silicon-containing matrices is modeled through the use of a specific image-based method. Third, the high-temperature mechanical behavior of these materials is investigated by a thorough analysis of time series of X-ray µ-CT …

Sic Fibers And Sic/Sic Ceramic Matrix Minicomposites Damage Behavior, Amjad Almansour

Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Science and Technology of Materials, Design, Applications, Performance and Integration

Silicon Carbide based Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) are attractive materials for use in high-temperature applications in the aerospace industry. The performance and durability of a CMC depends on the properties of its constituents. Therefore, the limitations and damage mechanisms of CMC matrix and fiber reinforcement are discussed and characterized in representative simulated application conditions, and the dominant damage mechanisms at elevated temperatures are identified. The tensile creep behavior of single Hi-Nicalon^TM Type S and Sylramic^TM SiC fibers was characterized via testing and creep parameters were extracted. Fiber creep tests were performed in air or vacuum at 1200-1482°C under …

High Temperature Composite Overview In France, Marc Montaudon, Eric Bouillon

Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Science and Technology of Materials, Design, Applications, Performance and Integration

Exactly 40 years after the first production of a high temperature composite material in France, this presentation recalls the history of the development of the related technologies and applications.

We will describe how, under the leadership of Société Européenne de Propulsion (SEP) until 1994 and since then of the SAFRAN Group, different families of composites were successively developed and brought to an industrial stage: carbon fibers reinforced carbon, carbon fibers reinforced ceramic, ceramic fibers reinforced ceramics, reaching in 2017 a total volume of production of more than 1,000 metric tons per year.

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Overview Of Ceramic Matrix Composite Research At Nasa Glenn Research Center, James D. Kiser Et Al, Joseph E. Grady, Craig E. Smith, Roy M. Sullivan, Valerie L. Wiesner, Janet B. Hurst, Steven M. Arnold, Dongming Zhu, Amjad S. Almansour, Ramakrishna T. Bhatt, Sreeramesh Kalluri, Sai Raj

Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Science and Technology of Materials, Design, Applications, Performance and Integration

In support of NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission, the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, OH, has been developing and assessing the performance of high temperature SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), both with and without protective coatings, for turbine engine applications. Combinations of highly creep-resistant SiC fibers, advanced 3D weaves, durable environmental barrier coatings (EBCs), and a 2700°F-capable hybrid SiC matrix have been evaluated. The effects of steam and thermal gradients on composite durability and means of monitoring and modeling damage are also being investigated. Additional studies focused on understanding the creep of SiC fibers and the behavior of SiC/SiC minicomposites that …

Updated Composite Materials Handbook-17 (Cmh-17) Volume 5 - Ceramic Matrix Composites, James Doug Kiser, Rachael Andrulonis, Cindy Ashforth, Kaia E. David, Curtis Davies

Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Science and Technology of Materials, Design, Applications, Performance and Integration

A wide range of issues must be addressed during the process of certifying CMC (ceramic matrix composite) components for use in commercial aircraft. The Composite Materials Handbook-17, Volume 5, Revision A on ceramic matrix composites has just been revised to help support FAA certification of CMCs for elevated temperature applications. The handbook supports the development and use of CMCs through publishing and maintaining proven, reliable engineering information and standards that have been thoroughly reviewed. Volume 5 contains detailed sections describing CMC materials/processing, design/analysis guidelines, testing procedures, and data analysis and acceptance. A review of the content of this latest revision …

Conference Program, Yutaka Kagawa, Dongming Zhu, Ram Darolia, Rishi Raj

Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Science and Technology of Materials, Design, Applications, Performance and Integration

No abstract provided.

The Potential Of Plasma Activation For Eb-Pvd Of Ebc Systems On Cmc Components, Burkhard Zimmermann, Gösta Mattausch, Bert Scheffel, Jens-Peter Heinß, Frank-Holm Rögner, Christoph Metzner

Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Science and Technology of Materials, Design, Applications, Performance and Integration

Gas turbines are subject of intense research and development in order to meet increasing demands on fuel efficiency, reduction of emissions, or enhanced power. One of the major keys is improving the thermal efficiency by increased gas temperature within the turbine. In the hot turbine section, nickel-based superalloy components with thermal barrier coatings are utilized, which are still being refined and improved. Nevertheless, in order to significantly increase temperature capability and turbine efficiency, silicon-based non-oxide ceramics are being investigated and introduced as new base materials, allowing for lower-weight components operating at elevated temperatures. Severe weight losses due to water vapor …

Environmentally Friendly Processing Of Lead Free Sodium Potassium Niobate Thick Films By Electrophoretic Deposition, Paula Vilarinho, Amit Mahajan, Rui Pinho, M. Elisabete Costa, Morgane Dolhen

Electrophoretic Deposition VI: Fundamentals and Applications

When looking for industrial applications environmental compatible solutions are highly desired. When looking at microelectronics miniaturization, functionalization and performance are also highly required. When looking at technologies for deposition of thick films electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is attracting increasing interest for a wide range of technical applications due to its high flexibility, low cost and simplicity of management, facility to fabricate intricate shapes and to be scaled-up for large volume fabrication. Within this context in this work aqueous based electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of lead free sodium potassium niobate (KNN) is demonstrated. The goal of our work is to establish the range …

Conference Program, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Omer Van Der Biest, James Dickerson, Tetsuo Uchikoshi

Electrophoretic Deposition VI: Fundamentals and Applications

No abstract provided.

Fabrication Of Octahedral Tantalum Cluster Film By Electrophoretic Deposition, Ngan T.K Nguyen, Benjamin Dierre, Naoki Ohashi, Tetsuo Uchikoshi, Fabien Grasset, Adele Renaud, Stephane Cordier, Maxence Wilmet

Electrophoretic Deposition VI: Fundamentals and Applications

The octahedral Ta₆Br₁₄.8H₂O cluster, one of the [M₆Lⁱ₁₂L^a₆]^n- octahedrons (M= Nb, Ta; Lⁱ= halogen, L^a= halogen or chalcogen), exhibits interesting oxido-reduction properties in solution¹. The application of the [Ta₆Brⁱ₁₂]²⁺ cores has been potentially studied in biotechnologies², optical devices³, photovoltaic cells⁴ and catalysis⁵. Originating from the expectation to block the UV and NIR light on low-emissivity window, the Ta₆Br₁₄.8H₂O cluster thin …

Conference Program, Karsten Durst

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development VI

No abstract provided.

Increased Trans-Glycosylation Activity Of Hexosaminidases For Synthesis Of Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Jan Muschiol, Jesper Holck, Peter K. Busk, Lene Lange, Jørn D. Mikkelsen, Anne S. Meyer, Shariza B. Jamek,

Enzyme Engineering XXIV

It is well known that the composition of human breast milk differs significantly from the one of ordinary bovine milk. Especially the presence of sialylated and fucosylated oligosaccharides contributes to its health and development promoting features for newborn infants. [1] Nevertheless, not all newborns and especially premature infants sometimes cannot be breast fed for different reasons. For those children it is important that they receive a proper balanced formula product containing the above mentioned human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). With respect to this we are developing new enzymatic routes for synthesis of sialylated and fucosylated oligosaccharides, which can be used as …

Enzyme Shielding In A Soft Organo-Silica Layer – Pharma/Biopharma Applications, Yves Dudal, Federica Richina, Lucas Durandi, Rita Correro, Patrick Shahgaldian

Enzyme Engineering XXIV

Enzymes, or biocatalysts, are specialty proteins. Like antibodies to antigens, enzymes exhibit remarkable specificity for their substrate and naturally facilitate many chemical conversions. However, the use of enzymes in the biotech industry ($2.3bn) is strongly limited by the fact that enzymes are highly sensitive like most proteins and usually not fitted to in vivo and process conditions. Many expensive genetically engineered or biosourced enzymes show remarkable properties but need to be made more robust for deployment in the health industry.

We have developed a unique procedure to fit enzymes to in vivo and process conditions. The process is initiated by …

Computational Redesign Of Transaminase Active Site, Elisa Lanfranchi, Hein J. Wijma, Dick B. Janssen, Carlos J. Ramírez, Madhurya Lutikurti

Enzyme Engineering XXIV

Aminotransferases are widely exploited in simple as well as more elaborate multi-enzymatic cascade reactions as an environmentally friendly alternative to transition metal catalysis. However, efficient selective conversion of numerous targets is a great limitation to date [1]. Attempts to improve substrate scope have been undertaken by generation and screening of large mutant libraries, which is very time-consuming and raises costs concerns [2]. Recent approaches explored the use of molecular docking of demanding substrates, followed by energy minimization and/or MD simulations [1;3]. Still, the best results have been obtained by extensive mutagenesis and screening.

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Conference Program, Pierre Monsan, Magali Remaud-Simeon

Enzyme Engineering XXIV

No abstract provided.

Development And Large Scale Manufacturing Of Exosome-Based Therapeutics, Konstantin Konstantinov

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

No abstract provided.

Delivering A Toolbox Of Flexible Platforms For Clinical And Commercial Bioprocessing Production: ‘Defining The Business Drivers For Development And Implementation’, Mark Brower, David Pollard

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Despite the growing success, the biopharmaceutical industry continues to face competitive challenges from multiple sources. The cost pressures include evolving reimbursement, global competition and loss of drug exclusivity. As a result, there is a significant drive to boost the overall productivity of bio therapeutic programs by shortening development timelines and lowering both development and production costs, while maintaining product quality. Low cost production solutions must be aggressively pursued due to the large number of drug candidates in development, and their relatively high dosing requirements. The industry is facing an expanding range of modalities such as bispecifics and nanobodies, that provide …

Oxidation Of Uc: An In-Situ High Temperature Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Study, Claudia Gasparrini, Michael J.D. Rushton, William E. Lee, Renaud Podor, Denis Horlait, Olivier Fiquet

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Uranium carbide (UC) has the potential to be used as fuel in Generation IV nuclear reactors thanks to its higher metal atom density and better thermal conductivity when compared to the most commonly used fuel: uranium dioxide (UO₂) [1]. Although UC offers improved properties during operation, it needs to be converted into an oxide form after usage as it is reactive and potentially pyrophoric [2] in oxidising environments. Previous oxidation studies on UC, performed over a range of oxygen atmospheres and temperatures, suggest different mechanisms lead to the formation of either a protective or a pulverised non-protective oxide …

Introduction To H2020 Project C3harme: Next Generation Ceramic Composites For Combustion Harsh Environments And Space, Diletta Sciti, Laura Silvestroni, Luca Zoli, Antonio Vinci, Frederic Monteverde

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Materials for aeronautical and space applications largely involve ceramic matrix composites, CMCs, made of carbon or silicon carbide. However, C/C composites suffer from poor erosion resistance while silicon-based ceramics, SiC/SiC or C/SiC composites, may undergo strong ablation due to the formation and volatilization of silica. In recent years, Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics, UHTCs, have shown outstanding erosion resistance at temperatures up to 2000°C or even higher but they still cannot resist to thermal shocks and damage. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for advanced materials with temperature capability in highly corrosive environments to enable space vehicles to resist several launches and …

Continuous Manufacturing - Ema Perspective And Experience, Nino Mihokovic

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Continuous manufacturing provides a distinct set of advantages and challenges from technical and regulatory viewpoints. Challenges such as batch definition and traceability, dynamic control strategies, use of Process Analytical Technologies, validation strategies and specifications are some of the areas which can require new perspectives from both industry and regulators. This presentation will reflect on the current regulatory environment and principles applied to continuous manufacturing; it aims to share the European experience with marketing authorisation applications using aspects of continuous manufacturing; and outlines Agency support to innovation and opportunities to consult and interact with the regulatory authorities during various stages of …

Continuous Freeze-Drying And Its Relevance To The Pharma/Biotech Industry, Roberto Pisano, Luigi C. Capozzi, Bernhardt Trout

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

The new paradigm of pharmaceutical industry is to move from batch to continuous processes in order to satisfy the stringent requirements of quality, safety and efficiency set by regulatory authorities and reduce production costs. In this perspective, freeze-drying needs to be completely rethought in order to be more integrated in the chain of production of drugs, more flexible to respond to variations in market needs and allowing the monitoring of product quality. The future of freeze-drying, as a downstream process, is therefore to move from batch to continuous. Over the past decades many ideas regarding continuous freeze-drying has been proposed, …

Conversion Of An Industrial Batch Separation Process To An Autonomous Integrated Downstream Process – A Case Study Anton Lofgren, Lund University, Sweden, Anton Löfgren, Niklas Andersson, Joaquin Gomis Fons, Anton Sellberg, Bernt Nilsson

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

In this contribution an industrial case study, consisting of several unit operations operated in batch mode, was converted to an integrated separation process. The complete downstream process consisted of an anion exchange step, followed by virus inactivation and finally a hydrophobic interaction step. Moving from batch to integrated separation minimizes hold-up times, storage tanks and required equipment. The conversion from batch to integrated mode was achieved by extracting operating points and separation data from batch chromatograms. The integrated separation process was realized on an ÄKTA Pure controlled by a newly developed software called Orbit. The setup consisted of two column …

Feasibility Research Of Gaining “Refractory High Entropy Carbides” Through In Situ Carburization Of Refractory High Entropy Alloys, Yuanlin Ai, Shuxin Bai, Li’An Zhu, Yicong Ye

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Abstract: High entropy alloys (HEAs) refer to solid solution alloys which contain five or more principal elements in equal or near equal atomic percent. Due to their unique structures, HEAs have superior comprehensive properties compared with the conventional alloys based on only one element. The property improvement based on the effect of high entropy may works on the refractory carbides used in ultra-high temperature ceramics. Therefore, a solid carburization method was employed on a refractory high entropy alloy of HfZrTiTa to prepare in situ the possible “Refractory High Entropy Carbides”. The microstructure, micro-hardness and oxidation resistance of the carburized layer …

Ultra High Temperature Ceramics For Hypersonic Space Vehicles: Opportunities And Challenges, Bikramjit Basu

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

Among ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTC), ZrB₂-based ceramics have received the most attention for applications in the leading edge of hypersonic space vehicles. Despite significant research efforts, the development of ZrB₂-SiC based ceramics in reference to performance-qualifying property assessment (shock resistance, ablation, etc.) together with the design of thermal protection system (TPS) has not been extensively reported in literature. While briefly presenting our recent research in this direction, I shall discuss myriad of opportunities and challenges ahead in TPS design for hypersonic space vehicles.

To begin with, results of the carefully designed experiments using innovative multi-stage spark …

Testing Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics For Thermal Protection And Rocket Applications, Raffaele Savino

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications IV

The work is focused on experimental aerothermodynamic characterization of Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramic materials for aerospace applications. These materials are assuming an increasing importance in aerospace research because their high temperature resistance makes them interesting to develop components for extreme applications, such as thermal protection systems for hypersonic or atmospheric reusable re-entry vehicles, specific components for propulsion, combustion chambers, engines intakes or rocket nozzles. In order to test the materials behavior in extreme relevant environments, different facilities are available, including supersonic arc-jet wind tunnels and lab-scaled rocket motors.

Typical activities include the design of prototypes for the experimental campaigns, tests on material …

Supervisory Control Of Integrated Continuous Downstream Processes, Bernt Nilsson, Niklas Andersson, Joaquin Gomis Fons, Anton Löfgren

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Smart downstream processing can be performed with a sequence of integrated purification steps, which minimize the number of storage tanks and reduce hold-up time. The result is an integrated unit operation sequence that performs straight through processing of the target protein, with minimal time from expression to formulation. This downstream processing technique is well suited to be connected to a continuous upstream process based on perfusion. To develop these kinds of processes it is important to do studies in small-scale in a convenient way. This paper presents a methodology for supervisory control of integrated continuous downstream processes in lab-scale. A …

Ultra Scale-Down Mimics For Perfusion Culture: Experimental Study For Rapid Biopharmaceutical Process Development, Molly Tregidgo, David Pollard, Martina Micheletti

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

With the industry driving towards the implementation of whole continuous bioprocess sequences, there becomes a requirement for the development of scale-down tools with the same consistency, reliability and throughput as those already available for traditional batch processes. This work aims to develop a perfusion scale-down system capable of reproducing the specific characteristics of the perfusion culture process, namely cell retention capabilities, the ability to support high cell densities and to operate for extended periods compared to fed-batch cultures. Cell culture in microwell plates in fed-batch mode is well defined and is in widespread use; however to the best of our …

Fouling Mitigation In Membrane Based Perfusion Systems By Oscillating Tangential Flow, Maria Weinberger, Ulrich Kulozik

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing III

Good scalability and robust handling have promoted the application of membrane based cell retention devices. A physical barrier, i.e. a filter, retains cells and cell debris. One major drawback of these devices is their ten-dency to foul and clog. One form of fouling is deposit layer formation on the filter surface, consisting of cells, cell debris and other fermentation broth constituents. This leads to the build-up of a secondary membrane, which can alter the permeation profile. Furthermore, deposit layers lead to an increased filtration resistance and thus negatively affect permeate flux, filtration efficiency and process robustness. In tangential flow filtration, …