Engineering Commons^™

Modeling And Simulation Of Low Temperature Activation Processes, James D. Driscoll

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A method for simulating dopant activation at low temperatures is proposed and tested, with a proof of concept showing the expected behavior implemented.

Mems Multi-Actuated Bridge Switch, D Cabrera, L Fuller

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A MEMS multi-actuated bridge switch is developed and created using the RIT sub-micron CMOS process as a way to create a high speed switch with good isolation, power consumption and low loss. The bridge was imaged using a SEM before and after the bridge release. Not much difference could be seen, prompting further investigation. There was a suspicious looking bump in the middle of the bridge that led us to believe that the TEOS sacrificial layer was buried underneath polysilicon. A cross-cut of the bridge was done where the bumps could be seen transversally. A highlight etch was done, confirming …

Cross Platform Alignment (May 2010), Greg Madejski

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

Alignment patterns were exposed using a combination of optical lithography and electron beam lithography. Sub-200nm alignment was achieved by using a combination of silicon topography, global, and fine alignment marks. The average misalignment using this combination was .45 microns. Further work must he done in order to test the efficacy of these alignment marks under different types of thin films.

Scaling Of Si/Sige Resonant Interband Tunnel Diodes (May 2010), Arnob L. Alam

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

Resonant Interband Tunnel Diodes (RITD) with device sizes ranging from r=20μm to r=50nm (mask defined radii) were manufactured using an e-beam lithography and dry-etch process. The peak to valley current-ratio (PVCR) and peak current density (j_peak) of the devices were measured. The devices showed high series resistance, and currents and PVCR did not scale in a predictable pattern.

Fabrication Of Fully Isolated Nfets Using Oxidized Porous Silicon, A Chadwick, K D. Hirschman

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

SOI (Silicon on Insulator) technology is an option in improving device performance as smaller devices run into scaling challenges. The devices for this study were fabricated using a FIPOS (Fully Isolated Porous Oxidized Silicon) process, which results in localized SOJ active regions. The oxidation of electrochemically etched porous silicon (PSi) has demonstrated success in the formation of device quality localized SOl for CMOS applications [1,2]. The formation of PSi can be done selectively by controlling the Fermi level in areas to be etched or not etched, which is typically (lone by adjusting the level of (loping [1]. An alternative method …

Mems Bio-Probe Devices For Monitoring Of Various Blood Properties, Jeffrey Traikoff

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

A set of MEMS Bio-Probes is designed, fabricated over a five-week period, then packaged and tested for functionality. The devices were fabricated to near completion however they were not brought to a point where they could be electrically tested. The fabrication of the devices went remarkable well. This indicates that there is potential for the device to work as originally intended.

Power Reduction In A Microprocessor (May 2010), Steven P. Washer

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

The concept of power reduction is a growing concern in IC design. This article contains the steps taken to redesign a 4-bit microprocessor for lower dynamic power. Measurements are performed of initial power and power consumption after applying new designs. The major reductions for this μP come in the form or logic reduction, transistor stacking, pulse generated latches and width reductions and modifications. Overall the outcome shows a significant amount of energy reduced and the project successfully explored power consumption considerations.

Design And Fabrication Of Memristors, Tal R. Nagourney

Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference

This paper details the design and fabrication of memristors in the RIT Semiconductor and Microsystem Fabrication Laboratory. Two methods of partially oxidizing titanium were explored, reactive sputtering and thermal oxidation. It is determined that thermal oxidation allows for greater control over the oxidation process due to an inability to sufficiently control the gas flow in the sputter chamber. Electron beam lithography is used to define holes in oxide in which the memristors will be fabricated. Due to issues with the lithography, fabrication is incomplete and ongoing.

In-Vivo Testing Of Vertically Aligned Nanowire Implantable Titanium Electrodes In The Rattus Norvegicus Hippocampus, Lauren Kegley

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Miniaturized multielectrode arrays are MEMS devices that have found use as neural prosthetics (Neuro-MEMS). As implants, they can interface with neurons as sensors or actuators and help compensate for loss of sensory input, motor control, or cognitive functions. The microelectrodes studied here were developed in-house. They have a vertically aligned gold nanowire array and are mounted on a sturdy titanium needle with a fine gauge. Hence, the bill of materials and design characteristics encourage their use as a neural probe. For this study, a probe was tested in vivo for signal acquisition in the hippocampus of a Rattus Norvegicus (Sprague …

Higate (High Grade Anti-Tamper Equipment) Prototype And Application To E-Discovery, Yui Sakurai, Yuki Ashino, Tetsutaro Uehara, Hiroshi Yoshiura, Ryoichi Sasaki

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

These days, most data is digitized and processed in various ways by computers. In the past, computer owners were free to process data as desired and to observe the inputted data as well as the interim results. However, the unrestricted processing of data and accessing of interim results even by computer users is associated with an increasing number of adverse events. These adverse events often occur when sensitive data such as personal or confidential business information must be handled by two or more parties, such as in the case of e-Discovery, used in legal proceedings, or epidemiologic studies. To solve …

Handbook Of Bioentrepreneurship (Book Review), Joseph R. Bell

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Book review by Joseph R. Bell.

Patzelt, Holger and Thomas Brenner, eds. Handbook of Bioentrepreneurship. New York: Springer, 2008. ISBN 9780387483436

The Handbook of Bioentrepreneurship represents volume 4 in the International Handbook Series on Entrepreneurship.This book is a collection of articles covering the rapidly evolving biotechnology industry.

Formula Sae Impact Attenuator Testing, Chad Abrahamson, Bill Bruns, Joseph Hammond, Josh Lutter

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this paper is to validate the impact attenuator designed by SDSU Formula SAE team according to 2010 Formula SAE rules. The impact attenuator is made of Plascore PCGA-XR1-5.2-1/4-P-3003 aluminum honeycomb that is pre-crushed to 245 psi. The test was dynamically performed using a 661 lb mass dropped 8.3 ft onto the material sample at 23 ft/sec, and data was measured with an Olympus i-SPEED 3 high speed camera. The impact attenuator must have an average deceleration equal to or less than 20 G’s and a peak deceleration equal to or less than 40 G’s. Two specimens were …

The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 08

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

This is the complete issue of the South Dakota State University Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume 8.

State Variable Distributed-Parameter Representation Of Transmission Line For Transient Simulations, Mehmet Sali̇h Mami̇ş, Asim Kaygusuz, Muhammet Köksal

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, a distributed-parameter state variable approach is used to calculate transients on transmission lines based on the concept of travelling waves. The method of characteristics for lossless line is used and the state equations are derived for the system. These equations are converted to a set of difference equations using the trapezoidal rule of integration and solved in time domain using LU decomposition. Single- and multi-phase transmission lines with various linear and non-linear terminations are considered in the illustrative examples. State-space modeling of transposed lines using modal decomposition is introduced and the effects caused by lumped parameter approximation …

An Approach Based On Particle Swarm Computation To Study The Nanoscale Dg Mosfet-Based Circuits, Fayacl Djeffal, Toufik Bendib, Redha Benzid, Abdelhamid Benhaya

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The analytical modeling of nanoscale Double-Gate MOSFETs (DG) requires generally several necessary simplifying assumptions to lead to compact expressions of current-voltage characteristics for nanoscale CMOS circuits design. Further, progress in the development, design and optimization of nanoscale devices necessarily require new theory and modeling tools in order to improve the accuracy and the computational time of circuits' simulators. In this paper, we propose a new particle swarm strategy to study the nanoscale CMOS circuits. The latter is based on the 2-D numerical Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) simulation and a new extended long channel DG MOSFET compact model. Good agreement between …

Multi-Objective Optimization Of Mechanical Elements Using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Technique, Vimal J. Savsani, R V. Rao, D P. Vakharia

Early Career Technical Journal (ECTJ)

Proceedings of the ASME Early Career Technical Conference, October 1-2, 2010. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

pp. 146-152

Asynchronous Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Search With A Multi-Robot System: Simulation And Implementation On A Real Robotic System, Sali̇h Burak Akat, Veysel Gazi̇, Lino Marques

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this article we consider a version of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm which is appropriate for search tasks of multi-agent systems consisting of small robots with limited sensing capability. The proposed method adopts asynchronous mechanism for information exchange and position (way point) updates of the agents. Moreover, at each (information exchange) step the agents communicate with only a possibly different subset of the other agents leading to a dynamic neighborhood topology. We implement the algorithm using the Player/Stage realistic robot simulator as well as on real KheperaIII robots using experimentally collected realistic data of ethanol gas concentration. Simulation …

A New Multi-Tier Adaptive Military Manet Security Protocol Using Hybrid Cryptography And Signcryption, Atti̇la A. Yavuz, Fati̇h Alagöz, Emi̇n Anarim

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) are expected to play an important role in tactical military networks by providing infrastructureless communication. However, maintaining secure and instant information sharing is a difficult task especially for highly dynamic military MANETs. To address this requirement, we propose a new multi-tier adaptive military MANET security protocol using hybrid cryptography and signcryption. In our protocol, we bring novelties to secure military MANET communication for three main points: Cryptographic methods used in MANETs, hybrid key management protocols and structural organization of the military MANETs. As a new approach, we use hybrid cryptography mechanisms and Elliptic Curve Pintsov-Vanstone Signature …

Determination Of Autoregressive Model Orders For Seizure Detection, Serap Aydin

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In the present study, a step-wise least square estimation algorithm (SLSA), implemented in a Matlab package called as ARfit, has been newly applied to clinical data for estimation of the accurate Auto-Regressive (AR) model orders of both normal and ictal EEG series where the power spectral density (PSD) estimations are provided by the Burg Method. The ARfit module is found to be usefull in comparison to a large variety of traditional methods such as Forward Prediction Error (FPE), Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC), Minimum Description Lenght (MDL), and Criterion of Autoregressive Transfer function (CAT) for EEG discrimination. According to tests, the …

Effect Of Transformer On Stochastic Estimation Of Voltage Sag Due To Faults In The Power System: A Pscad/Emtdc Simulation, Nita R. Patne, K. L. Thakre

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Voltage sags in the electric power system are mostly due to faults in the power system. Voltage sag is characterized by its magnitude (the retained voltage), phase-angle jump, unbalance in the sag in the three phases, and duration. Type of transformers in the electrical system is the important parameter influencing the characteristic of sag at the node where sensitive loads are connected. For sensitive loads it is necessary to estimate how many times in a year the voltage at their terminal will experience sag to avoid tripping of operation. In this paper the effect of transformer on stochastic estimation of …

Adaptive Hysteresis Band Control For Constant Switching Frequency In Dtc Induction Machine Drives, H. İbrahi̇m Okumuş, Mustafa Aktaş

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

It is fairly well known that direct torque control (DTC) exhibits fast dynamic torque response, a property that originates in the fact that torque and flux is directly controlled by instantaneous space voltage vector, unlike field-oriented control. For this reason direct torque control gradually has been used in the field, eliciting quick response and high efficiency since its introduction in the mid-1980s. Conventional fixed band hysteresis control has several problems. One of these is variable switching frequency, which causes serious problems in DTC. In this paper, an adaptive hysteresis band control strategy is proposed, where the hysteresis band is controlled …

Improved Analytical Modulation Transfer Function For Image Intensified Charge Coupled Devices*, Nebi̇ Gül, Murat Efe

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The basic problem of simulation and modeling of Image Intensified Charge Coupled Device (ICCD) is the difference between the analytical Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) formulation used in the model and the experimentally obtained MTF. An investigation into the MTF of ICCD sub-components reveal that the MTF of the Image Intensifier Tube (IIT) is the main factor in this deviation. In this study, a regulation factor for the MTF of 3^{rd} generation IITs has been developed. A commonly used MTF formulation for IITs has been modified to include a regulation factor which has helped produce more precise MTF values for the …

Building Linear Parameter Varying Models Using Adaptation, For The Control Of A Class Of Nonlinear Systems, Coşku Kasnakoğlu

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper a novel method is proposed for constructing linear parameter varying (LPV) system models through adaptation. For a class of nonlinear systems, an LPV model is built using its linear part, and its coefficients are considered as time-varying parameters. The variation in time is controlled by an adaptation scheme with the goal of keeping the trajectories of the LPV system close to those of the original nonlinear system. Using the LPV model as a surrogate, a dynamical controller is built by utilizing self-scheduling methods for LPV systems, and it is shown that this controller will indeed stabilize the …

P2p Collaborative Filtering With Privacy, Ci̇han Kaleli̇, Hüseyi̇n Polat

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

With the evolution of the Internet and e-commerce, collaborative filtering (CF) and privacy-preserving collaborative filtering (PPCF) have become popular. The goal in CF is to generate predictions with decent accuracy, efficiently. The main issue in PPCF, however, is achieving such a goal while preserving users' privacy. Many implementations of CF and PPCF techniques proposed so far are centralized. In centralized systems, data is collected and stored by a central server for CF purposes. Centralized storage poses several hazards to users because the central server controls users' data. In this work, we investigate how to produce naïve Bayesian classifier (NBC)-based recommendations …

Comparison Of Daubechies Wavelets For Hurst Parameter Estimation, Cebrai̇l Çi̇ftli̇kli̇, Ali̇ Gezer

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Time scale dependence on the working nature of wavelet analysis makes it a valuable tool for Hurst parameter estimation. Similar to other wavelet-based signal processing applications, the selection of a particular wavelet type and vanishing moment in wavelet based Hurst estimation is a challenging problem. In this paper, we investigate the best Daubechies wavelet in wavelet based Hurst estimation for an exact self similar process, fractional Gaussian noise and how Daubechies vanishing moment affects the Hurst estimation accuracy. Daubechies wavelets are preferred in analysis because increasing vanishing moment does not cause excessive increase of time support of Daubechies wavelets. Thus, …

A Novel Square-Root Domain Realization Of First Order All-Pass Filter, Si̇nem Ölmez, Uğur Çam

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, a new square-root domain, first order, all-pass filter based on the MOSFET square law is presented. The proposed filter is designed by using nonlinear mapping on the state variables of a state space description of the transfer function. To the best knowledge of the authors, the filter is the first square-root domain first order all-pass structure designed by using state space synthesis method in the literature. The center frequency of the all-pass filter is not only attainable at megahertz frequencies but also tunable by an external bias current. The proposed filter operated 2.5 V supply voltage is …

Robust Multimedia Watermarking: Hidden Markov Model Approach For Video Sequences, Ersi̇n Elbaşi

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Because of the large amount of frames, similarity between frames and temporal attacks (frame dropping, frame averaging, frame swapping etc.), the process for video watermarking is more difficult than that for image watermarking. Current image watermarking methods are limited to solve all these difficulties. We propose a novel video watermarking system based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). This novel watermarking scheme splits the video sequences into a Group of Pictures (GOP) with HMM. Portions of the binary watermark are embedded into each GOP with a wavelet domain watermarking algorithm. The embedding process is the standard additive algorithm [1] in …

A New Chaotic Attractor From General Lorenz System Family And Its Electronic Experimental Implementation, İhsan Pehli̇van, Yilmaz Uyaroğlu

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This article introduces a novel three-dimensional continuous autonomous chaotic system with six terms and two quadratic nonlinearities. The new system contains two variational parameters and exhibits Lorenz-like attractors in numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The basic dynamical properties of the new system are analyzed by means of equilibrium points, eigenvalue structures, and Lyapunov exponents. The new system examined in Matlab-Simulink^{\textregistered} and Orcad-PSpice^{\textregistered}. An electronic circuit realization of the proposed system is presented using analog electronic elements such as capacitors, resistors, operational amplifiers and multipliers. The behaviour of the realized system is evaluated with computer simulations.

Stator Resistance Estimation Using Ann In Dtc Im Drives, Mustafa Aktaş, H. İbrahi̇m Okumuş

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Torque control of induction motors (IM) requires accurate estimation of the flux in the motor. But the flux estimate, when estimated from the stator circuit variables, is highly dependent on the stator resistance of the IM. As a result, the flux estimate is prone to errors due to variation in the stator resistance, especially at low stator frequencies. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to adjust the stator resistance of an IM. A back propagation training algorithm was used in training the neural network for the simulation. The proposed ANN resistance estimator has shown good performance …

Stochastic Stability Of The Discrete-Time Constrained Extended Kalman Filter, Levent Özbek, Esi̇n Köksal Babacan, Murat Efe

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, stability of the projection-based constrained discrete-time extended Kalman filter (EKF) as applied to nonlinear systems in a stochastic framework has been studied. It has been shown that like the unconstrained EKF, the estimation error of the EKF with known constraints on the states remains bounded when the initial error and noise terms are small, and the solution of the Riccati difference equation remains positive definite and bounded. Stability results are verified and performance of the constrained EKF is demonstrated through simulations on a nonlinear engineering example.