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Articles 541 - 570 of 5699
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Seal For A Wave Rotor Disk Engine, Christopher Tait, Pejman Akbari, Brian Sell, Marc D. Polanka
Seal For A Wave Rotor Disk Engine, Christopher Tait, Pejman Akbari, Brian Sell, Marc D. Polanka
AFIT Patents
A unique seal for a wave rotor disk engine is disclosed herein. The seal is operable for sealing a region between a rotor and a rotor casing. The seal is spring loaded and will engage with the tip of the rotor to reduce pressure loss within the wave rotor disk engine.
Innovation Transition Success: Practice Doesn't Make Perfect, Kaitlyn Ryan, Amy M. Cox, Ethan Blake, Clay Koschnick, Alfred E. Thal Jr.
Innovation Transition Success: Practice Doesn't Make Perfect, Kaitlyn Ryan, Amy M. Cox, Ethan Blake, Clay Koschnick, Alfred E. Thal Jr.
Faculty Publications
The authors of this research examine and evaluate organizational factors associated with commercialization under the Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. Their objective is to improve return on investment. The data set used was the SBIR Phase II program data set, which contains information on 433 SBIR topics with closed contracts reported during Department of Defense (DoD) fiscal years (FYs) 2015 to 2018. Each data point contained characteristics of the topic, including commercialization. Military capability or topic areas were hypothesized to have varying commercialization rates. Incumbency was theorized to be a characteristic of successful programs, while increased company …
Oxygen Vacancies In Lib3O5 Crystals And Their Role In Nonlinear Absorption, Brian C. Holloway, Christopher A. Lenyk, Timothy D. Gustafson, Nancy C. Giles
Oxygen Vacancies In Lib3O5 Crystals And Their Role In Nonlinear Absorption, Brian C. Holloway, Christopher A. Lenyk, Timothy D. Gustafson, Nancy C. Giles
Faculty Publications
LiB3O5 (LBO) crystals are used to generate the second, third, and fourth harmonics of near-infrared solid-state lasers. At high power levels, the material’s performance is adversely affected by nonlinear absorption. We show that as-grown crystals contain oxygen and lithium vacancies. Transient absorption bands are formed when these intrinsic defects serve as traps for “free” electrons and holes created by x rays or by three- and four-photon absorption processes. Trapped electrons introduce a band near 300 nm and trapped holes produce bands in the 500-600 nm region. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify and characterize the …
Contested Agile Combat Employment: A Site-Selection Methodology, Zachary T. Moer, Christopher M. Chini, Peter P. Feng, Steven J. Schuldt
Contested Agile Combat Employment: A Site-Selection Methodology, Zachary T. Moer, Christopher M. Chini, Peter P. Feng, Steven J. Schuldt
Faculty Publications
Numerous factors complicate ACE site-selection decisions including peer-to-peer threats, complex geopolitics, and resource requirements. The proposed site-selection framework identifies existing airports best suited for strategic utilization to support combatant commands as they optimize agile combat employment infrastructure.
Turbine Cooling System With Energy Separation, James L. Rutledge, Matthew Fuqua, Carol M. Bryant
Turbine Cooling System With Energy Separation, James L. Rutledge, Matthew Fuqua, Carol M. Bryant
AFIT Patents
A method and system for cooling an engine and/or vehicle using energy separation is disclosed herein. An energy separation device is operable for separating a compressed gaseous coolant stream into a first relatively cooler coolant flow stream and a second relatively hotter coolant flow stream. The relative cooler coolant flow stream is directed to a first region requiring increased cooling and the relative hotter coolant flow stream is directed to a second region requiring lower cooling than the first region in the engine or vehicle.
Influence Of Nano-Sized Sic On The Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of Molybdenum, Nathan E. Ellsworth, Ryan A. Kemnitz, Cayla C. Eckley, Brianna M. Sexton, Cynthia T. Bowers, Joshua R. Machacek, Larry W. Burggraf
Influence Of Nano-Sized Sic On The Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of Molybdenum, Nathan E. Ellsworth, Ryan A. Kemnitz, Cayla C. Eckley, Brianna M. Sexton, Cynthia T. Bowers, Joshua R. Machacek, Larry W. Burggraf
Faculty Publications
Consolidation of pure molybdenum through laser powder bed fusion and other additive manufacturing techniques is complicated by a high melting temperature, thermal conductivity and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. Nano-sized SiC particles (0.1 wt%) were homogeneously mixed with molybdenum powder and the printing characteristics, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties were compared to pure molybdenum for scan speeds of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mm/s. The addition of SiC improved the optically determined density and flexural strength at 400 mm/s by 92% and 80%, respectively. The oxygen content was reduced by an average of 52% over the four scan speeds analyzed. Two mechanisms …
Quantifying Dds-Cerberus Network Control Overhead, Andrew T. Park, Nathaniel R. Peck, Richard Dill, Douglas D. Hodson, Michael R. Grimaila, Wayne C. Henry
Quantifying Dds-Cerberus Network Control Overhead, Andrew T. Park, Nathaniel R. Peck, Richard Dill, Douglas D. Hodson, Michael R. Grimaila, Wayne C. Henry
Faculty Publications
Securing distributed device communication is critical because the private industry and the military depend on these resources. One area that adversaries target is the middleware, which is the medium that connects different systems. This paper evaluates a novel security layer, DDS-Cerberus (DDS-C), that protects in-transit data and improves communication efficiency on data-first distribution systems. This research contributes a distributed robotics operating system testbed and designs a multifactorial performance-based experiment to evaluate DDS-C efficiency and security by assessing total packet traffic generated in a robotics network. The performance experiment follows a 2:1 publisher to subscriber node ratio, varying the number of …
Distribution Of Dds-Cerberus Authenticated Facial Recognition Streams, Andrew T. Park, Nathaniel Peck, Richard Dill, Douglas D. Hodson, Michael R. Grimaila, Wayne C. Henry
Distribution Of Dds-Cerberus Authenticated Facial Recognition Streams, Andrew T. Park, Nathaniel Peck, Richard Dill, Douglas D. Hodson, Michael R. Grimaila, Wayne C. Henry
Faculty Publications
Successful missions in the field often rely upon communication technologies for tactics and coordination. One middleware used in securing these communication channels is Data Distribution Service (DDS) which employs a publish-subscribe model. However, researchers have found several security vulnerabilities in DDS implementations. DDS-Cerberus (DDS-C) is a security layer implemented into DDS to mitigate impersonation attacks using Kerberos authentication and ticketing. Even with the addition of DDS-C, the real-time message sending of DDS also needs to be upheld. This paper extends our previous work to analyze DDS-C’s impact on performance in a use case implementation. The use case covers an artificial …
Multichannel Blind Deconvolution Of Circularly Polarized Imagery, Patrick B. Cunningham
Multichannel Blind Deconvolution Of Circularly Polarized Imagery, Patrick B. Cunningham
Theses and Dissertations
Current methods can be used to recreate an expected Stokes polarization vector from measured light for characterization purposes. However, this only applies to three of the Stokes parameters, that is, the linear polarization components. Circular polarization is not currently being utilized for object characterization because the mathematical complexity is greater than for that of linear polarization. This research will analyze a way to expand existing algorithms to include circular polarization and enable the complete reconstruction of the Stokes vector from the measured light into a blind deconvolution algorithm for Stokes estimation and image reconstruction.
Finite Fatigue Life Prediction Of Additively Manufactured Aircraft Engine Turbine Blade With Respect To Internal Defect Size And Location, Daniel G. Miller
Finite Fatigue Life Prediction Of Additively Manufactured Aircraft Engine Turbine Blade With Respect To Internal Defect Size And Location, Daniel G. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Current fatigue life modeling techniques with respect to defects emphasize the dependence on the defect size with respect to fatigue life, but does not account for the effects of where a defect might be located. This research outlines a process to include defect location into the model analysis for a more precise prediction of the number of cycles to failure and where the finial failure could occur within a component. The focus is on a turbine blade structure using IN718 subjected to a pure vibratory load. The basic model predicts component life using a stress map from the frequency analysis …
Additive Manufacturing Of Molybdenum For High Temperature Structural Applications, Megan L. Bustin
Additive Manufacturing Of Molybdenum For High Temperature Structural Applications, Megan L. Bustin
Theses and Dissertations
This research considered additive manufactured (AM) molybdenum (Mo) and the effect of three variables on microstructure, mechanical properties, and the relationship between the two. Test temperature, laser speed, and shield gas or build atmosphere were varied, and samples tested and analyzed using a three-point bending test, chemical composition, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The relationship among variables and results using a Design of Experiments was limited compared to the inclusion of every tested sample. Most effects were expected: samples tested at room temperature were brittle without statistical significance; increasing laser speed resulted in decreased ductility and strain, smaller grain …
Mechanical Properties And Tension-Tension Fatigue Behavior Of A Novel Additively Manufactured Polymer Matrix Composite At Room And Elevated Temperature, Grayson M. Harber
Mechanical Properties And Tension-Tension Fatigue Behavior Of A Novel Additively Manufactured Polymer Matrix Composite At Room And Elevated Temperature, Grayson M. Harber
Theses and Dissertations
The tension-tension fatigue behavior of a novel additively manufactured AM carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite was studied. This novel material system consists of T1100 carbon fibers, and a UV photocured resin developed by Continuous Composites and Sartomer. Tensile properties and tension-tension fatigue were investigated for the 090 fiber orientation as well as for the ±45 fiber orientation. Specimens with 0/90 fiber orientation were tested at ambient laboratory temperature 23 °C and at elevated temperature 150 °C, while the specimens with the ±45 fiber orientation were tested only at ambient laboratory temperature. Tension-tension fatigue testing was carried out with a …
Development Of A Security-Focused Multi-Channel Communication Protocol And Associated Quality Of Secure Service (Qoss) Metrics, Paul M. Simon
Development Of A Security-Focused Multi-Channel Communication Protocol And Associated Quality Of Secure Service (Qoss) Metrics, Paul M. Simon
Theses and Dissertations
The threat of eavesdropping, and the challenge of recognizing and correcting for corrupted or suppressed information in communication systems is a consistent challenge. Effectively managing protection mechanisms requires an ability to accurately gauge the likelihood or severity of a threat, and adapt the security features available in a system to mitigate the threat. This research focuses on the design and development of a security-focused communication protocol at the session-layer based on a re-prioritized communication architecture model and associated metrics. From a probabilistic model that considers data leakage and data corruption as surrogates for breaches of confidentiality and integrity, a set …
Evaluating Performance Competencies In The Royal Saudi Air Force Engineering Directorate And Squadrons, Faisal A. Al Dawood
Evaluating Performance Competencies In The Royal Saudi Air Force Engineering Directorate And Squadrons, Faisal A. Al Dawood
Theses and Dissertations
The effectiveness of tasks performed by the directorate of aeronautical engineering and squadrons in RSAF directly impacts flight safety, which in turn influences the organization either positively or negatively. Therefore, improving engineers' competencies will improve the overall performance of the organization. The study refined and reconstructed a model, namely a T-shape competency model, to assess the engineers' competencies which revealed some management and competency-related deficiencies and concluded with managerial recommendations.
Retention Prediction And Policy Optimization For United States Air Force Personnel Management, Joseph C. Hoecherl
Retention Prediction And Policy Optimization For United States Air Force Personnel Management, Joseph C. Hoecherl
Theses and Dissertations
Effective personnel management policies in the United States Air Force (USAF) require methods to predict the number of personnel who will remain in the USAF as well as to replenish personnel with different skillsets over time as they depart. To improve retention predictions, we develop and test traditional random forest models and feedforward neural networks as well as partially autoregressive forms of both, outperforming the benchmark on a test dataset by 62.8% and 34.8% for the neural network and the partially autoregressive neural network, respectively. We formulate the workforce replenishment problem as a Markov decision process for active duty enlisted …
High Power Microwave Operational Exposure Detection Using Thermoacoustic Wave Generation In Lossy Dielectric Polymers, James J. Frey
High Power Microwave Operational Exposure Detection Using Thermoacoustic Wave Generation In Lossy Dielectric Polymers, James J. Frey
Theses and Dissertations
A feasibility analysis for the use of microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) wave generation in lossy dielectric media to detect pulsed high power microwave directed energy weapons in force health protection applications was conducted based on a series of empirical and computational investigations. A potential target volume material, carbon-loaded polytetrafluoroethylene, was identified for further study based on anticipated complex dielectric properties, with laboratory measurements of select electromagnetic (EM), thermal, and elastic material properties of relevance to the TA effect conducted to determine parameter values. A planar geometry TA-based signal chain model using thin film piezoelectric sensors was developed for both finite element …
A Case Study Of The Efficacy Of Model-Based Requests For Information, Kyle J. Arruda
A Case Study Of The Efficacy Of Model-Based Requests For Information, Kyle J. Arruda
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense (DoD) has encouraged the transition to digital engineering, yet there are limited guides for how to transition and there is limited data to show where an organization like a program office can reap the most benefit from the transition. To identify areas where potential benefits may be realized, this thesis compares two Requests for Information (RFIs), one document-based and one model-based, from generation to response. A survey was developed and administered to 7 members of a single program office to grade the RFI responses. The survey was based on the 43 benefit categories identified in the …
Value Focused Thinking Analysis Of C-Band Australia Radar Operations, Samuel Ray Grothman
Value Focused Thinking Analysis Of C-Band Australia Radar Operations, Samuel Ray Grothman
Theses and Dissertations
The radars used for Space Domain Awareness (SDA) are inherently all-weather, day/night sensors capable of around the clock operations. Despite this fact, some radars are operated for fewer than their maximum operating capabilities. The decision-making process for selecting the operating hours of a sensor has historically been based on only a few factors or just one. This research uses the techniques in Value Focused Thinking to develop an evaluation process to score possible alternatives and find the alternative with the most value for the decision maker. By investigating the value that is added by operating an SDA radar, it is …
Enabling Rapid Chemical Analysis Of Plutonium Alloys Via Machine Learning-Enhanced Atomic Spectroscopy Techniques, Ashwin P. Rao
Enabling Rapid Chemical Analysis Of Plutonium Alloys Via Machine Learning-Enhanced Atomic Spectroscopy Techniques, Ashwin P. Rao
Theses and Dissertations
Analytical atomic spectroscopy methods have the potential to provide solutions for rapid, high fidelity chemical analysis of plutonium alloys. Implementing these methods with advanced analytical techniques can help reduce the chemical analysis time needed for plutonium pit production, directly enabling the 80 pit-per-year by 2030 manufacturing goal outlined in the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. Two commercial, handheld elemental analyzers were validated for potential in situ analysis of Pu. A handheld XRF device was able to detect gallium in a Pu surrogate matrix with a detection limit of 0.002 wt% and a mean error of 8%. A handheld LIBS device was …
Analyzing Microarchitectural Residue In Various Privilege Strata To Identify Computing Tasks, Tor J. Langehaug
Analyzing Microarchitectural Residue In Various Privilege Strata To Identify Computing Tasks, Tor J. Langehaug
Theses and Dissertations
Modern multi-tasking computer systems run numerous applications simultaneously. These applications must share hardware resources including the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory while maximizing each application’s performance. Tasks executing in this shared environment leave residue which should not reveal information. This dissertation applies machine learning and statistical analysis to evaluate task residue as footprints which can be correlated to identify tasks. The concept of privilege strata, drawn from an analogy with physical geology, organizes the investigation into the User, Operating System, and Hardware privilege strata. In the User Stratum, an adversary perspective is taken to build an interrogator program that …
Cost-Benefit Analysis Of The Saudi Land Bridge Project, Faris J. Alotaibi
Cost-Benefit Analysis Of The Saudi Land Bridge Project, Faris J. Alotaibi
Theses and Dissertations
Projects are the backbone of economic thrive of nations, especially infrastructure projects. It’s counted as the base layer of allowing economic trade between beneficiaries. Railway projects have always been a huge element in increasing trade operations between Saudi Arabia and the rest of the world, by providing an efficient and environmentally friendly way that is capable of hauling large loads of exports all the way to the seaports and from there to the rest of the world. The Saudi land bridge project will cost about $11 billion and will provide a new link between the existent railway in the eastern …
Orbit Determination With Event-Based Cameras To Improve Space Domain Awareness, Conor M. Wisentaner
Orbit Determination With Event-Based Cameras To Improve Space Domain Awareness, Conor M. Wisentaner
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this research is to assess the utility of a COTS EBC for SDA applications by evaluating its ability to produce data for orbit updates of resident space objects. Unlike traditional frame-based imaging sensors, the pixels on an EBC activate independently when a change in brightness is detected to produce a continuous data flow on a per pixel basis. This unique functionality provides much higher temporal resolution than traditional frame-based sensors, such that an EBC can generate far more data points from a single observation than a frame-based sensor. However, current COTS EBCs have less spatial resolution than …
Root-Cause Analysis Of Rsaf Maintenance-Related Flight Safety Mishaps, Heaf H. Alqahtani
Root-Cause Analysis Of Rsaf Maintenance-Related Flight Safety Mishaps, Heaf H. Alqahtani
Theses and Dissertations
Poor maintenance is a major factor in many aviation mishaps. This is due to the fact that some maintenance activities are carried out improperly or overlooked as a result of human error. It is important to acknowledge that maintenance mistakes are a visible sign of deeper organizational issues. Therefore, adequate solutions to maintenance issues must consider organizational influences. Despite efforts to reduce the accident rate within the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF), the RSAF suffers from an increasing trend in mishaps attributed to maintenance. Therefore, safety data was analyzed to examine trends. Additionally, the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System …
A Methodological Framework For Parametric Combat Analysis, Dustin L. Hayhurst Sr.
A Methodological Framework For Parametric Combat Analysis, Dustin L. Hayhurst Sr.
Theses and Dissertations
This work presents a taxonomic structure for understanding the tension between certain factors of stability for game-theoretic outcomes such as Nash optimality, Pareto optimality, and balance optimality and then applies such game-theoretic concepts to the advancement of strategic thought on spacepower. This work successfully adapts and applies combat modeling theory to the evaluation of cislunar space conflict. This work provides evidence that the reliability characteristics of small spacecraft share similarities to the reliability characteristics of large spacecraft. Using these novel foundational concepts, this dissertation develops and presents a parametric methodological framework capable of analyzing the efficacy of heterogeneous force compositions …
Impact Of Operational And Restoration Interdependencies On Cost And Disruptive Effect In Multilayered Infrastructure Networks, Brigham A. Moore, Steven J. Schuldt, Ramana V. Grandhi, David R. Jacques
Impact Of Operational And Restoration Interdependencies On Cost And Disruptive Effect In Multilayered Infrastructure Networks, Brigham A. Moore, Steven J. Schuldt, Ramana V. Grandhi, David R. Jacques
Faculty Publications
Network-based modeling and simulation of interdependent infrastructure systems has traditionally modeled 1 to 2 interdependency subtypes within a given model. Typically, different interdependency subtypes are modeled with special sets, variables, and parameters rather than integrated into the model as a standard feature. The most thorough current modeling efforts have modeled only four of the nine interdependency subtypes identified throughout academic literature. This paper presents the first model to incorporate all nine of the identified interdependency subtypes in a multiobjective mixed-integer program. The model is tested using a simulated flood event and a modified interdependent infrastructure dataset representing a medium- to …
Falcon Neuro: An Event-Based Sensor On The International Space Station, Matthew G. Mcharg, Richard L. Balthazor, Matthew P. Borg, Brian J. Mcreynolds, David H. Howe, Colin J. Maloney, Daniel O'Keefe, Rayomand Bam, Gabriel Wilson, Paras Karki, Alexandre Marcireau, Gregory Cohen
Falcon Neuro: An Event-Based Sensor On The International Space Station, Matthew G. Mcharg, Richard L. Balthazor, Matthew P. Borg, Brian J. Mcreynolds, David H. Howe, Colin J. Maloney, Daniel O'Keefe, Rayomand Bam, Gabriel Wilson, Paras Karki, Alexandre Marcireau, Gregory Cohen
Student Publications
We report on the Falcon neuro event-based sensor (EBS) instrument that is designed to acquire data from lightning and sprite phenomena and is currently operating on the International Space Station. The instrument consists of two independent, identical EBS cameras pointing in two fixed directions, toward the nominal forward direction of flight and toward the nominal Nadir direction. The payload employs stock DAVIS 240C focal plane arrays along with custom-built control and readout electronics to remotely interface with the cameras. To predict the sensor’s ability to effectively record sprites and lightning, we explore temporal response characteristics of the DAVIS 240C and …
Improving Data-Driven Infrastructure Degradation Forecast Skill With Stepwise Asset Condition Prediction Models, Kurt R. Lamm, Justin D. Delorit, Michael N. Grussing, Steven J. Schuldt
Improving Data-Driven Infrastructure Degradation Forecast Skill With Stepwise Asset Condition Prediction Models, Kurt R. Lamm, Justin D. Delorit, Michael N. Grussing, Steven J. Schuldt
Faculty Publications
Organizations with large facility and infrastructure portfolios have used asset management databases for over ten years to collect and standardize asset condition data. Decision makers use these data to predict asset degradation and expected service life, enabling prioritized maintenance, repair, and renovation actions that reduce asset life-cycle costs and achieve organizational objectives. However, these asset condition forecasts are calculated using standardized, self-correcting distribution models that rely on poorly-fit, continuous functions. This research presents four stepwise asset condition forecast models that utilize historical asset inspection data to improve prediction accuracy: (1) Slope, (2) Weighted Slope, (3) Condition-Intelligent Weighted Slope, and (4) …
Artificial Neural Networks And Gradient Boosted Machines Used For Regression To Evaluate Gasification Processes: A Review, Owen Sedej, Eric Mbonimpa, Trevor Sleight, Jeremy M. Slagley
Artificial Neural Networks And Gradient Boosted Machines Used For Regression To Evaluate Gasification Processes: A Review, Owen Sedej, Eric Mbonimpa, Trevor Sleight, Jeremy M. Slagley
Faculty Publications
Waste-to-Energy technologies have the potential to dramatically improve both the natural and human environment. One type of waste-to-energy technology that has been successful is gasification. There are numerous types of gasification processes and in order to drive understanding and the optimization of these systems, traditional approaches like computational fluid dynamics software have been utilized to model these systems. The modern advent of machine learning models has allowed for accurate and computationally efficient predictions for gasification systems that are informed by numerous experimental and numerical solutions. Two types of machine learning models that have been widely used to solve for quantitative …
Disk Engine With Circumferential Swirl Radial Combustor, Brian Bohan, Marc Polanka, Bennett Staton
Disk Engine With Circumferential Swirl Radial Combustor, Brian Bohan, Marc Polanka, Bennett Staton
AFIT Patents
A disk engine and system configured to provide high power at a reduced axial length is disclosed herein. The disk engine includes a radial compressor, a compressor discharge manifold positioned circumferentially about compressor, a combustion chamber positioned within the discharge manifold and a radial turbine positioned radially inward of the combustion chamber.
A Comparison Of Correlation-Agnostic Techniques For Magnetic Navigation, Clark N. Taylor, Josh Hiatt
A Comparison Of Correlation-Agnostic Techniques For Magnetic Navigation, Clark N. Taylor, Josh Hiatt
Faculty Publications
Navigation using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is common for autonomous vehicles (ground or air). Unfortunately, GNSS-based navigation solutions are often susceptible to jamming, interference, and a limited number of satellites. A proposed technique to aid in navigation when a GNSS-based system fails is magnetic navigation - navigation using the Earth's magnetic anomaly field. This solution comes with its own set of problems including the need for quality magnetic maps in every area in which magnetic navigation will be used. Many of the currently available magnetic maps are generated from a combination of dated magnetic surveys, resulting in maps …