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Articles 1 - 30 of 151
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Integrated Approach To Airborne Laser Communication, James A. Louthain
Integrated Approach To Airborne Laser Communication, James A. Louthain
Theses and Dissertations
Lasers offer tremendous advantages over RF communication systems in bandwidth and security, due to their ultra-high frequency and narrow spatial beamwidth. Atmospheric turbulence causes severe received power variations and high bit error rates (BERs) in airborne laser communication. Airborne optical communication systems require special considerations in size, complexity, power, and weight. Conventional adaptive optics systems correct for the phase only and cannot correct for strong scintillation, but here the two transmission paths are separated sufficiently so that the strong scintillation is \averaged out" by incoherently summing up the two beams in the receiver. This requisite separation distance is derived for …
Sub-Circuit Selection And Replacement Algorithms Modeled As Term Rewriting Systems, Eric D. Simonaire
Sub-Circuit Selection And Replacement Algorithms Modeled As Term Rewriting Systems, Eric D. Simonaire
Theses and Dissertations
Intent protection is a model of software obfuscation which, among other criteria, prevents an adversary from understanding the program’s function for use with contextual information. Relating this framework for obfuscation to malware detection, if a malware detector can perfectly normalize a program P and any obfuscation (variant) of the program O(P), the program is not intent protected. The problem of intent protection on programs can also be modeled as intent protection on combinational logic circuits. If a malware detector can perfectly normalize a circuit C and any obfuscation (variant) O(C) of the circuit, the circuit is not intent protected. In …
Optimal Re-Entry Trajectory Terminal State Due To Variations In Waypoint Locations., William J. Karasz
Optimal Re-Entry Trajectory Terminal State Due To Variations In Waypoint Locations., William J. Karasz
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force's Prompt Global Reach concept describes the desire to have a capability to reach any target within a 9000 nautical mile radius within two hours of launch. To meet this objective, much effort is being devoted to hypersonics and re-entry vehicles. Given the limited maneuverability of hypersonic vehicles, computational modeling is used to generate trajectories before launch to strike intended targets. In addition to endpoint (target) constraints, additional waypoints may constrain the trajectory. This research finds the optimal trajectory which satisfies the endpoint and waypoint constraints, and then investigates where else the vehicle can go while still meeting …
Dynamic Supersonic Base Store Ejection Simulation Using Beggar, Michael D. Johnson
Dynamic Supersonic Base Store Ejection Simulation Using Beggar, Michael D. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Static and dynamic conditions throughout various aft supersonic store separation events are examined using the Beggar Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code from Air Force SEEK Eagle Office at Eglin Air Force Base, FL. An 8.9 deg half angle sphere cone is used for the carrier vehicle with an identically shaped store stowed within a hollow compartment in the aft section of the carrier body. Dynamic store separation simulations are implemented at a free-stream Mach of 2.9 with a Reynolds number of Re = 6.9 x 106/m referenced against carrier base diameter. Analysis covers multiple dynamic separation events along …
Nondestructive Evaluation Of Aircraft Composites Using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy, Christopher D. Stoik
Nondestructive Evaluation Of Aircraft Composites Using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy, Christopher D. Stoik
Theses and Dissertations
Terahertz (THz) time domain spectroscopy (TDS) was assessed as a nondestructive evaluation technique for aircraft composites. Material properties of glass fiber composite were measured using both transmission and reflection configuration. The interaction of THz with a glass fiber composite was then analyzed, including the effects of scattering, absorption, and the index of refraction, as well as effective medium approximations. THz TDS, in both transmission and reflection configuration, was used to study composite damage, including voids, delaminations, mechanical damage, and heat damage. Measurement of the material properties on samples with localized heat damage showed that burning did not change the refractive …
Flexible Twist For Pitch Control In A High Altitude Long Endurance Aircraft With Nonlinear Response, Vanessa L. Bond
Flexible Twist For Pitch Control In A High Altitude Long Endurance Aircraft With Nonlinear Response, Vanessa L. Bond
Theses and Dissertations
Information dominance is the key motivator for employing high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aircraft to provide continuous coverage in the theaters of operation. A joined-wing configuration of such a craft gives the advantage of a platform for higher resolution sensors. Design challenges emerge with structural flexibility that arise from a long-endurance aircraft design. The goal was to demonstrate that scaling the nonlinear response of a full-scale finite element model of a high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aircraft was possible if the model was aeroelastically and "nonlinearly" scaled. A straight-forward method of scaling the first three natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes, and the first …
Limitations Of A True Random Number Generator In A Field Programmable Gate Array, Jennifer L. Brady
Limitations Of A True Random Number Generator In A Field Programmable Gate Array, Jennifer L. Brady
Theses and Dissertations
Random number generators are used in many areas of engineering, computer science, most notably in simulations and cryptographic applications. There are true random number generators (TRNG) and pseudo random number generators (PRNG). Only a true random number generator is secure because the output bits are non-repeating and nonreproducible. As society has become more dependent on electronic technology the need for true random number generators has increased due to processes that require encryption in everyday use. A fast true random number generator on a field programmable gate array presents digital designers with the ability to have the generator on chip. Since …
Extension Of Viscoplasticity Based On Overstress To Capture The Effects Of Prior Aging On The Time Dependent Deformation Behavior Of A High-Temperature Polymer: Experiments And Modeling, Amber J. W. Mcclung
Extension Of Viscoplasticity Based On Overstress To Capture The Effects Of Prior Aging On The Time Dependent Deformation Behavior Of A High-Temperature Polymer: Experiments And Modeling, Amber J. W. Mcclung
Theses and Dissertations
The inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer, was investigated at 288 degrees C. The experimental program was designed to explore the influence of strain rate on tensile loading, unloading, and strain recovery behaviors. In addition, the effect of the prior strain rate on the relaxation response of the material, as well as on the creep behavior following strain controlled loading were examined. The experimental data were modeled with the Viscoplasticity Based on Overstress (VBO) theory. A systematic procedure for determining model parameters was developed and the model was employed to predict the response of the …
Pylon Effects On A Scramjet Cavity Flameholder Flowfield, Andrew B. Freeborn
Pylon Effects On A Scramjet Cavity Flameholder Flowfield, Andrew B. Freeborn
Theses and Dissertations
Cavity flameholders in supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) combustors, while effective, fail to take advantage of the full combustor volume. Adding a pylon to the leading edge of a cavity flameholder generates a flowfield increasing mass exchange between the cavity and main combustor flow, increasing the mixing interface between flameholder products and main combustor flow, and exhibiting minimal Reynolds number effects. To demonstrate this modified flowfield driven by supersonic expansion behind the pylon, pylon-cavity flameholder flowfield data were obtained through a combination of wind tunnel experimentation and steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Flowfield effects of the pylon-cavity were examined at a …
Hypermixer Pylon Fuel Injection For Scramjet Combustors, Jason C. Doster
Hypermixer Pylon Fuel Injection For Scramjet Combustors, Jason C. Doster
Theses and Dissertations
Fueling the core airflow of a circular or elliptical scramjet combustor cross-section often requires intrusive geometries. Intrusive geometries can distribute the fuel evenly across the combustor cross-section and act as a flameholder for the fuel/air mixture. Compared to conventional transverse or angled wall injection, intrusive geometries allow easier penetration into the core combustor airflow and reduced fuel injection pressures. The design and testing of an intrusive pylon geometry for scramjet combustor fueling is the subject of this research. Three pylon configurations are compared: a basic pylon, a ramp pylon, and an alternating wedge pylon. All three pylon configurations exhibit the …
A Novel Method Characterizing The Impact Response Of Functionally Graded Plates, Reid A. Larson
A Novel Method Characterizing The Impact Response Of Functionally Graded Plates, Reid A. Larson
Theses and Dissertations
Functionally graded material (FGM) plates are advanced composites with properties that vary continuously through the thickness of the plate. Metal-ceramic FGM plates have been proposed for use in thermal protection systems where a metal-rich interior surface of the plate gradually transitions to a ceramic-rich exterior surface of the plate. The ability of FGMs to resist impact loads must be demonstrated before using them in high-temperature environments in service. This dissertation presents a novel technique by which the impact response of FGM plates is characterized for low-velocity, low- to medium-energy impact loads. An experiment was designed where strain histories in FGM …
Hall Thruster Plume Diagnostics Utilizing Microwave Interferometry, Vipul Sharma
Hall Thruster Plume Diagnostics Utilizing Microwave Interferometry, Vipul Sharma
Theses and Dissertations
The fatigue behavior of two woven SiC-SiNC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated at 1300 °C in laboratory air and in steam. The first composite (C1) consists of a PIP SiNC matrix reinforced with Sylramic (Syl) fibers woven in a five-harness satin weave fabric and coated with a proprietary dual-layer interface. The second composite (C2) consists of a modified PIP SiNC matrix reinforced with Sylramic-iBN (Syl-iBN) fibers woven in a five-harness satin weave fabric and coated with a proprietary dual-layer interface. The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured at 1300°C. Tension-tension fatigue behavior was studied for …
Creep Behavior Of Oxide/Oxide Composites With Monazite Fiber Coating At 1100°C In Air And In Steam Environments, Tufan Yeleser
Creep Behavior Of Oxide/Oxide Composites With Monazite Fiber Coating At 1100°C In Air And In Steam Environments, Tufan Yeleser
Theses and Dissertations
The creep behavior of six oxide-oxide ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated at 1100 °C in laboratory air and in steam environments. The six CMC systems had an alumina ( Al2O3 ) matrix reinforced with NextelTM610 fibers. The CMC systems C1, C2 and C3 were reinforced with 10 uni-directional fiber layers in a symmetric cross-ply (0°/90°/0°/90°/0°)s orientation. In the case of composites C2 and C3, monazite (LaPO4) fiber coating was applied to the fibers. Composite C1 contained no fiber coating. In the case of composites C1 and C2, alumina matrix was infiltrated with monazite. The CMC systems …
A Constraint Based Approach For Building Operationally Responsive Satellites, Mesut O. Kahraman
A Constraint Based Approach For Building Operationally Responsive Satellites, Mesut O. Kahraman
Theses and Dissertations
The Operational Responsive Space (ORS) program requires flexible and responsive satellites to meet user’s needs. Traditional satellite design methods are typically iterative processes that optimize individual components, subsystems, and ultimately the entire satellite. This study focuses on developing a new approach for creating Responsive Satellites (RS) from Plug-and-Play (PnP) components. The aim is to create an approach that quickly evaluates a wide variety of possible satellite configurations and identify the best configurations that meet the user’s needs and constraints. Satellite configurations are created by matching locations on the satellite structure with PnP components. Various constraints are derived from the user’s …
A Confidence Paradigm For Classification Systems, Nathan J. Leap
A Confidence Paradigm For Classification Systems, Nathan J. Leap
Theses and Dissertations
There is no universally accepted methodology to determine how much confidence one should have in a classifier output. This research proposes a framework to determine the level of confidence in an indication from a classifier system where the output is or can be transformed into a posterior probability estimate. This is a theoretical framework that attempts to unite the viewpoints of the classification system developer (or engineer) and the classification system user (or war-fighter). The paradigm is based on the assumptions that the system confidence acts like, or can be modeled as a value and that indication confidence can be …
Combat Identification Using Multiple Tuav Swarm, Younin Kang
Combat Identification Using Multiple Tuav Swarm, Younin Kang
Theses and Dissertations
In modern warfare, Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (TUAVs) are rapidly taking on a leading role in traditional and non-traditional ISR, to include Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). However, additional advancements in processors and sensors on TUAVs are still needed before they can be widely employed as a primary source for positive identification in the Combat Identification (CID) process. Cost is a driving factor for operating an ATR system using multiple TUAVs. The cost of high quality sensors appropriate for a single TUAV can be significantly higher than less sophisticated sensors suitable for deployment on a group, or swarm, of coordinated TUAVs. …
Range Precision Of Ladar Systems, Steven E. Johnson
Range Precision Of Ladar Systems, Steven E. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
A key application of Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) systems is measurement of range to a target. Many modern LADAR systems are capable of transmitting laser pulses that are less than a few nanoseconds in duration. These short-duration pulses provide excellent range precision. However, randomness in the detected laser signals places limits on the precision. The goal of this dissertation is to quantify the range precision limits of LADAR systems. The randomness in the time between photon arrivals, which is called shot noise, is discussed in depth. System-dependent noise sources such as dark current and detector gain variation are considered. …
Interoperability Measurement, Thomas C. Ford
Interoperability Measurement, Thomas C. Ford
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents an inaugural general method of measuring the collaborative and confrontational interoperability of a heterogeneous set of systems in the context of an operational process. The method is holistic, fundamental, flexible, and mathematical in nature and accommodates all types of systems and interoperations. The method relates the interoperability measurement to measures of operational effectiveness for confrontational operational processes. Extant leveling methods of describing interoperability are shown to be a special case of the more general method given in this research and the general interoperability measurement method is demonstrated through the presentation of coalition interoperability, suppression of enemy air …
Distribution Iteration: A Robust Alternative To Source Iteration For Solving The Discrete Ordinates Radiation Transport Equations In Slab And Xy- Geometries, Nicholas J. Prins
Distribution Iteration: A Robust Alternative To Source Iteration For Solving The Discrete Ordinates Radiation Transport Equations In Slab And Xy- Geometries, Nicholas J. Prins
Theses and Dissertations
The discrete ordinates method is widely used to solve the Boltzmann transport equation for neutral particle transport for many engineering applications. Source iteration is used to solve the discrete ordinates system of equations, but can be slow to converge in highly scattering problems. Synthetic acceleration techniques have been developed to address this shortcoming; however, recent research has shown synthetic acceleration to lose effectiveness or diverge for certain problems. LTC Wager introduced an alternative to source iteration and demonstrated it in slab geometry. Here the method is further developed, enhancing efficiency in various ways, and demonstrated in XY-geometry as well as …
Statistical Methods For Polarimetric Imagery, Daniel A. Lemaster
Statistical Methods For Polarimetric Imagery, Daniel A. Lemaster
Theses and Dissertations
Estimation theory is applied to a physical model of incoherent polarized light to address problems in polarimetric image registration, restoration, and analysis for electro-optical imaging systems. In the image registration case, the Cramer-Rao lower bound on unbiased joint estimates of the registration parameters and the underlying scene is derived, simplified using matrix methods, and used to explain the behavior of multi-channel linear polarimetric imagers. In the image restoration case, a polarimetric maximum likelihood blind deconvolution algorithm is derived and tested using laboratory and simulated imagery. Finally, a principal components analysis is derived for polarization imaging systems. This analysis expands upon …
Metamodeling Techniques To Aid In The Aggregation Process Of Large Hierarchical Simulation Models, June F.D. Rodriguez
Metamodeling Techniques To Aid In The Aggregation Process Of Large Hierarchical Simulation Models, June F.D. Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigates how aggregation is currently conducted for simulation of large systems. The purpose is to examine how to achieve suitable aggregation in the simulation of large systems. More specifically, investigating how to accurately aggregate hierarchical lower-level (higher resolution) models into the next higher-level in order to reduce the complexity of the overall simulation model. The focus is on the exploration of the different aggregation techniques for hierarchical lower-level (higher resolution) models into the next higher-level. We develop aggregation procedures between two simulation levels (e.g., aggregation of engagement level models into a mission level model) to address how much …
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Continuous Wave Phase Conjugation In Step-Index Fiber Optics, Steven M. Massey, Justin B. Spring, Timothy H. Russell
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Continuous Wave Phase Conjugation In Step-Index Fiber Optics, Steven M. Massey, Justin B. Spring, Timothy H. Russell
Faculty Publications
Continuous wave (CW) stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) phase conjugation in step-index optical fibers was studied experimentally and modeled as a function of fiber length. A phase conjugate fidelity over 80% was measured from SBS in a 40 m fiber using a pinhole technique. Fidelity decreases with fiber length, and a fiber with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.06 was found to generate good phase conjugation fidelity over longer lengths than a fiber with 0.13 NA. Modeling and experiment support previous work showing the maximum interaction length which yields a high fidelity phase conjugate beam is inversely proportional to the fiber …
Material Perturbations To Enhance Performance Of The Theile Half-Width Leaky Mode Antenna, Jason A. Girard
Material Perturbations To Enhance Performance Of The Theile Half-Width Leaky Mode Antenna, Jason A. Girard
Theses and Dissertations
Microstrip traveling-wave antennas, often referred to as leaky-wave antennas, have been shown to radiate when the dominant or fundamental mode is suppressed and the first higher-order mode is excited. One such microstrip variation is the Thiele Half-Width (THW) antenna, which operates from 5.9 - 8.2 GHz for this research. Increasing the bandwidth over which the THW antenna radiates is desired, as is a fundamental understanding of the propagation characteristics over this region. This dissertation seeks to vary or perturb the material and physical properties of the THW antenna, including strip-width variations and modifications of the substrate layer, to achieve these …
A Wide Area Bipolar Cascade Resonant Cavity Light Emitting Diode For A Hybrid Range-Intensity, Reginald J. Turner
A Wide Area Bipolar Cascade Resonant Cavity Light Emitting Diode For A Hybrid Range-Intensity, Reginald J. Turner
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focused on the development of an illuminator for the HRIS. This illuminator enables faster image rendering and reduces the potential of errors in return signal data, that could be generated from extremely rough terrain. Four major achievements resulted from this work, which advance the field of 3-D image acquisition. The first is that the TJ is an effective current spreading layer for LEDs with mesa width up to 140 micrometers and current densities of approximately 1 x 106 Amp/square centimeter. The TJ allows fabrication of an efficient illuminator, with required geometry for the HRIS to operate as …
The Effect Of Radiation On The Electrical Properties Of Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride Heterostructures, John W. Mcclory
The Effect Of Radiation On The Electrical Properties Of Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride Heterostructures, John W. Mcclory
Theses and Dissertations
AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors (HFETs) were irradiated at low temperature and the temperature dependent changes to drain current, gate current, capacitance, and transconductance were measured. The results were compared to the charge control model of the drain current and trap-assisted tunneling model of the gate current to determine the source of the radiation-induced changes. AlGaN/GaN HFETs demonstrated threshold voltage shifts and drain current changes after irradiation. After electron and neutron irradiation applied at ~80 K, measurement of the drain current at this temperature showed an increase that saturated after 1013 electrons/cm2 or 1010 neutrons/cm2 due …
A Secure And Efficient Communications Architecture For Global Information Grid Users Via Cooperating Space Assets, Victor P. Hubenko
A Secure And Efficient Communications Architecture For Global Information Grid Users Via Cooperating Space Assets, Victor P. Hubenko
Theses and Dissertations
With the Information Age in full and rapid development, users expect to have global, seamless, ubiquitous, secure, and efficient communications capable of providing access to real-time applications and collaboration. The United States Department of Defense’s (DoD) Network-Centric Enterprise Services initiative, along with the notion of pushing the “power to the edge,” aims to provide end-users with maximum situational awareness, a comprehensive view of the battlespace, all within a secure networking environment. Building from previous AFIT research efforts, this research developed a novel security framework architecture to address the lack of efficient and scalable secure multicasting in the low earth orbit …
Laser-Induced Fluorescence And Performance Analysis Of The Ultra-Compact Combustor, Patrick J. Lakusta
Laser-Induced Fluorescence And Performance Analysis Of The Ultra-Compact Combustor, Patrick J. Lakusta
Theses and Dissertations
The AFIT Combustion Optimization and Analysis Laser (COAL) lab’s modular design and state-of-the-art diagnostic systems make it a flexible and important facility for the analysis of combustion processes. The objectives of the current research are to install several enhancements in the lab, validate the laser diagnostic system, characterize the igniter for AFIT’s Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) sections, and perform a non-intrusive laser diagnostic, performance, and high-speed video analysis of a flat-cavity UCC section. Validation of the laser system was accomplished using OH Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) in a laminar hydrogen-air flame produced by a Hencken burner. Results are compared to previous …
Statistical Methods For Image Registration And Denoising, Matthew D. Sambora
Statistical Methods For Image Registration And Denoising, Matthew D. Sambora
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes research into image processing techniques that enhance military operational and support activities. The research extends existing work on image registration by introducing a novel method that exploits local correlations to improve the performance of projection-based image registration algorithms. The dissertation also extends the bounds on image registration performance for both projection-based and full-frame image registration algorithms and extends the Barankin bound from the one-dimensional case to the problem of two-dimensional image registration. It is demonstrated that in some instances, the Cramer-Rao lower bound is an overly-optimistic predictor of image registration performance and that under some conditions, the …
An Analysis Of Botnet Vulnerabilities, Sean W. Hudson
An Analysis Of Botnet Vulnerabilities, Sean W. Hudson
Theses and Dissertations
Botnets are a significant threat to computer networks and data stored on networked computers. The ability to inhibit communication between servers controlling the botnet and individual hosts would be an effective countermeasure. The objective of this research was to find vulnerabilities in Unreal IRCd that could be used to shut down the server. Analysis revealed that Unreal IRCd is a very mature and stable IRC server and no significant vulnerabilities were found. While this research does not eliminate the possibility that a critical vulnerability is present in the Unreal IRCd software, none were identified during this effort.
Heat Transfer Due To Unsteady Effects As Investigated In A High-Speed, Full-Scale, Fully-Cooled Turbine Vane And Rotor Stage, Jonathan R. Mason
Heat Transfer Due To Unsteady Effects As Investigated In A High-Speed, Full-Scale, Fully-Cooled Turbine Vane And Rotor Stage, Jonathan R. Mason
Theses and Dissertations
Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of film cooling on a gas turbine engine’s high‐pressure turbine section. The focus for this effort was in the tip/shroud region of a rotor stage and a high pressure turbine vane. A primary goal was to understand the unsteady flow effects. Attempts were also made to characterize the effects as caused by the fully‐cooled rotor stage. Data for this investigation was taken at the U.S. Air Force’s Turbine Research Facility (TRF), a transient blowdown facility with instrumentation fitted to a full‐scale, high‐speed, fully‐cooled vane and rotor stage of proprietary design. Measurements of pressure, …