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Articles 1 - 30 of 211
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A Simulation–Optimization Framework For Post-Disaster Allocation Of Mental Health Resources, Stephen Cunningham, Steven J. Schuldt, Christopher M. Chini, Justin D. Delorit
A Simulation–Optimization Framework For Post-Disaster Allocation Of Mental Health Resources, Stephen Cunningham, Steven J. Schuldt, Christopher M. Chini, Justin D. Delorit
Faculty Publications
Extreme events, such as natural or human-caused disasters, cause mental health stress in affected communities. While the severity of these outcomes varies based on socioeconomic standing, age group, and degree of exposure, disaster planners can mitigate potential stress-induced mental health outcomes by assessing the capacity and scalability of early, intermediate, and long-term treatment interventions by social workers and psychologists. However, local and state authorities are typically underfunded, understaffed, and have ongoing health and social service obligations that constrain mitigation and response activities. In this research, a resource assignment framework is developed as a coupled-state transition and linear optimization model that …
Temperature-Immune Self-Referencing Fabry–Pérot Cavity Sensors, Hengky Chandrahalim, Jonathan W. Smith
Temperature-Immune Self-Referencing Fabry–Pérot Cavity Sensors, Hengky Chandrahalim, Jonathan W. Smith
AFIT Patents
A passive microscopic Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (FPI) sensor an optical fiber a three-dimensional microscopic optical structure formed on a cleaved tip of an optical fighter that reflects a light signal back through the optical fiber. The reflected light is altered by refractive index changes in the three-dimensional structure that is subject to at least one of: (i) thermal radiation; and (ii) volatile organic compounds.
On The Synthesis Of Optimal Control Laws, Meir Pachter, Isaac E. Weintraub
On The Synthesis Of Optimal Control Laws, Meir Pachter, Isaac E. Weintraub
Faculty Publications
In this paper we advocate for Isaacs' method for the solution of differential games to be applied to the solution of optimal control problems. To make the argument, the vehicle employed is Pontryagin's canonical optimal control example, which entails a double integrator plant. However, rather than controlling the state to the origin, we correctly require the end state to reach a terminal set that contains the origin in its interior. Indeed, in practice, it is required to control to a prescribed tolerance rather than reach a desired end state; achieving tight tolerances is expensive, and from a theoretical point of …
Sortie-Based Aircraft Component Demand Rate To Predict Requirements, Thomas R. O'Neal, John M. Dickens, Lance Champaign, Aaron V. Glassburner, Jason R. Anderson, Timothy W. Breitbach
Sortie-Based Aircraft Component Demand Rate To Predict Requirements, Thomas R. O'Neal, John M. Dickens, Lance Champaign, Aaron V. Glassburner, Jason R. Anderson, Timothy W. Breitbach
Faculty Publications
Purpose — Forecasting techniques improve supply chain resilience by ensuring that the correct parts are available when required. In addition, accurate forecasts conserve precious resources and money by avoiding new start contracts to produce unforeseen part requests, reducing labor intensive cannibalization actions and ensuring consistent transportation modality streams where changes incur cost. This study explores the effectiveness of the United States Air Force’s current flying hour-based demand forecast by comparing it with a sortie-based demand forecast to predict future spare part needs. Design/methodology/approach — This study employs a correlation analysis to show that demand for reparable parts on certain aircraft …
System, Method And Apparatus For Recovering Polarization Radar Data, Julie A. Jackson, Forest Lee-Elkin
System, Method And Apparatus For Recovering Polarization Radar Data, Julie A. Jackson, Forest Lee-Elkin
AFIT Patents
A method and apparatus that measure M coupled channels of radar polarization data (ỹ), that is a subset, which is less than the full set of received coupled channels. Sparse recovery operations are performed on the measured M coupled channels of radar polarization data (ỹ) and a representation of a set of more than M channels of radar polarization data is generated from the sparse recovery performed on the subset of coupled channels.
Approaches To Improve The Execution Time Of A Quantum Network Simulation, Joseph B. Tippit
Approaches To Improve The Execution Time Of A Quantum Network Simulation, Joseph B. Tippit
Theses and Dissertations
Evaluating quantum networks is an expensive and time-consuming task that benefits from simulation. A potential improvement is to utilize GPUs, namely by leveraging NVIDIA's programming framework, CUDA. To avoid performance pitfalls of higher level languages and programming models such as the so called "two language problem," the Julia Programming Language provides the basis for the development effort. This research develops a two module prototype quantum network simulation framework using GPUs and Julia. Performance of the software is measured and compared against other languages such as MATLAB.
Space Domain Awareness Assessment Of Cislunar Periodic Orbits For Lagrange Point Surveillance, Adam P. Wilmer
Space Domain Awareness Assessment Of Cislunar Periodic Orbits For Lagrange Point Surveillance, Adam P. Wilmer
Theses and Dissertations
Cislunar periodic orbits provide an elegant means to fill the observational capability gaps which are present in ground-based and/or near-Earth spaced-base sensors. This research involves theoretical analysis on the effectiveness of cislunar periodic orbits for Space Domain Awareness (SDA) mission architectures. Specifically, cislunar periodic orbits are analyzed, both individually and in constellations with one another, for their effectiveness at monitoring target satellites in Lyapunov and halo orbits about the Earth - Moon L1 and L2 Lagrange points. All orbits are created and modeled in the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP), then subject to perturbations in both the Elliptical Restricted Three-Body …
Injection Studies On A Small-Scale Rotating Detonation Engine With Improved Flow Control, Jonathan J. Wyatt
Injection Studies On A Small-Scale Rotating Detonation Engine With Improved Flow Control, Jonathan J. Wyatt
Theses and Dissertations
The Rotating Detonation Engine (RDE) has gained increasing attention in recent years for its potential advantages over typical deflagration combustion. A Micro-RDE design with an outer diameter of 28mm operating on Nitrous Oxide and Ethylene was recently developed, which stretched the limits of small-scale detonation engines. The testing on this rig has shown a stable one wave mode detonation with frequencies reaching 16.8 kHz. Key parameters that influence the detonation wave mode are cell size, fill height, and wave speed, which are heavily influence d by injection schemes. Previous testing utilized a partially premixed jets in crossflow (JIC) injection scheme, …
The Effect Of Information Acquisition Automation And Workspace Design On Human Pattern Recognition For Information Fusion, Kellie L. Turner
The Effect Of Information Acquisition Automation And Workspace Design On Human Pattern Recognition For Information Fusion, Kellie L. Turner
Theses and Dissertations
Automation employed in information fusion systems is designed to help humans combine information derived from multiple sources to form a cohesive assessment of the situation. Research using the Levels of Automation model (Parasuraman, Wickens, and Sheridan, 2000) have produced conflicting results, which Patterson (2017) posited was because it focused solely on analytical processing while neglecting the effects of intuitive cognition. The present study examined how information acquisition automation affects the human’s ability to detect patterns in data needed to reach higher levels of information fusion. Results showed that when information acquisition was performed through manual operations, pattern recognition performance was …
Assessment Of Visual Field Performance Asymmetries While Utilizing Aircraft Attitude Symbology, George A. Reis
Assessment Of Visual Field Performance Asymmetries While Utilizing Aircraft Attitude Symbology, George A. Reis
Theses and Dissertations
Two experiments were conducted to examine visual performance asymmetries when perceiving complex, meaningful visual stimuli, such as the Arc Segment Attitude Reference (ASAR). The ASAR symbology represents an aircraft’s attitude. Experiment 1 examined participants’ performance while recalling and reporting various attitudes of ASAR symbology and a Gabor patch, which were briefly presented in the peripheral visual field. Performance was assessed for coordinate and categorical judgments at various display locations. The results were consistent with the horizontal-vertical anisotropy literature, which implies that performance would be better for stimuli placed on the horizontal meridian as compared to stimuli placed on the vertical …
Design And Performance Characterization Of A Water Propellant Resistojet Thruster, Sean M. Weathersby
Design And Performance Characterization Of A Water Propellant Resistojet Thruster, Sean M. Weathersby
Theses and Dissertations
Secondary payloads, such as CubeSats, are being increasingly used by the US Department of Defense in the role of defense capability enhancement, and these increasingly complex defense missions can require extended lifespans that result in the need for a thruster. While many thruster options exist, characteristics such as propellant toxicity, complexity, and low performance limit many viable solutions. However, a potential answer that satisfies these thruster limitations is found in electrothermals, specifically the resistojet. The research presented here represents the first attempt to construct a 1U water-propellant resistojet thruster design and establish an initial characterization through evaluation of various performance …
Investigation Of Mirror Satellite Concept To Augment Natural Lighting Conditions On Orbit, Daniel M. Dombrowski
Investigation Of Mirror Satellite Concept To Augment Natural Lighting Conditions On Orbit, Daniel M. Dombrowski
Theses and Dissertations
A method of augmenting on-orbit lighting conditions for rendezvous and proximity operations through the novel use of solar reflectors is presented. Natural lighting conditions on-orbit pose extreme challenges to these already complex missions. This research summarizes and applies the historical basis of solar reflectors to the proximity operations issues encountered today. Building on this past research, a simulation has been created to test the efficacy of a solar reflector constellation in facilitating less complex servicing/inspection missions. Initial testing has shown promising results for low mass membrane mirrors in augmenting illumination conditions with particular benefit in the geosynchronous orbital regime. Through …
Using Custom Ner Models To Extract Dod Specific Entities From Contracts, Kayla P. Haberstich
Using Custom Ner Models To Extract Dod Specific Entities From Contracts, Kayla P. Haberstich
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force Sustainment Center collected 3.7 million contracts onto the Air Force Research Laboratory’s high power computers. They are in the format of a .pdf or scanned document, making them unstructured data. The Data Analytics Resource Team extracted the documents into a textual format for use in further analysis. This thesis looks to extract four DOD specific entities (NSN, Part Number, CAGE Code, and Supplier Name) from the contracts using custom NER models. This newly extracted information will allow the Air Force to identify what parts are supplied by which vendors. This information along with historical CLIN pricing for …
Machine Learning Application For Mission Data Reprogramming, Paolo A. Bingham
Machine Learning Application For Mission Data Reprogramming, Paolo A. Bingham
Theses and Dissertations
Before entering a conflict or theater, USAF aircraft require updated mission data software reprogramming. Mission data controls all electronic warfare (EW) operations of the aircraft. EW operations include identifying and jamming radar operated systems, whether they are friendly or hostile. The process of reprogramming software is continuous and routinely updated for every EW system annually. On specific circumstances, the process can be expedited to months, but this puts a strain on the development team and shifts all attention to one specific mission data file. Unfortunately, a growing number of requests to upgrade mission data to a higher priority state, has …
Combat Assessment For The Simulation Of Warfare, Benjamin L. Finch
Combat Assessment For The Simulation Of Warfare, Benjamin L. Finch
Theses and Dissertations
Military assessment seeks to answer two primary questions: "are we creating the effects that we desire?" and "are we accomplishing tasks to standard?" This thesis steps through several desirable characteristics for a simulated combat assessment methodology. After developing a value hierarchy from these characteristics, this thesis provides and evaluates several candidate methodologies for use within a combat simulation. Each alternative's evaluation is informed by its application to a small combat simulation. Upon recommending the use of Linear Programming, we utilize value-focused thinking to modify this alternative. The thesis terminates with some conclusory thoughts and ideas for future research.
Meta-Analysis Of Performance Characteristics Of Modern Database Schemas, Carter Grove
Meta-Analysis Of Performance Characteristics Of Modern Database Schemas, Carter Grove
Theses and Dissertations
Industry and academia alike are more commonly using databases as solutions to advanced and complex problems. Unfortunately, not all database schemas are created equal and can yield different advantages in different areas. To try to understand what database schema might be best suited for a user’s needs, we sought out to distinguish how databases are measured against each other, what their performance characteristics are, and what advantages each type of database inherently possesses. To allow for the ingestion of data across the five different categories of database schemas, we used a met-analysis of past literature and aggregated the data to …
Creep Behavior And Deformation Mechanisms Of Spark Plasma Sintered Oxide Ceramics For Aerospace Systems At 1300˚C - 1400˚C, David D. Swanson
Creep Behavior And Deformation Mechanisms Of Spark Plasma Sintered Oxide Ceramics For Aerospace Systems At 1300˚C - 1400˚C, David D. Swanson
Theses and Dissertations
The mechanical behavior of YAG and LuAG was investigated at elevated temperatures. The specific materials investigated in this work include high-purity, polycrystalline YAG, high-purity, polycrystalline LuAG, and two doped variants of YAG: 2at% Yb-doped, polycrystalline YAG and 2at% Er-doped, polycrystalline YAG. Several billets of each material were prepared and processed by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS). Many different sintering parameters were utilized in order to obtain materials with various physical properties and to identify the effects of sintering parameters on the average grain size of the resulting materials. The compressive creep behavior of these materials was investigated at 1300°C …
The Effect Of Shot Dependency On Composite Materials Subject To Ballistic Testing, Clayton C. Hankins
The Effect Of Shot Dependency On Composite Materials Subject To Ballistic Testing, Clayton C. Hankins
Theses and Dissertations
Ballistic analysis was performed on four common composite armor materials: 3k standard modulus plain weave carbon fiber, 8HS satin weave S-glass fiber, plain weave Kevlar® KM2 600 Denier fiber, and Spectra Shield® 4232 ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene to determine shot dependency based upon shot-to-shot impact distance, degree of penetration from the initial impacts, and the delamination effects from the initial impact. The primary measure of ballistic performance was the projectile velocity which represents a 50% probability of penetration, V50. This velocity was determined using a three-phase optimal design test method with an average of twelve shots per test. …
Design, Development, And Testing Of Embedded Computing On Afit's Control & Autonomy Space Proximity Robot (Caspr), Collin A. Gwaltney
Design, Development, And Testing Of Embedded Computing On Afit's Control & Autonomy Space Proximity Robot (Caspr), Collin A. Gwaltney
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reviews RPO algorithm testbeds and discusses the development of the Control and Autonomy Space proximity Robot (CASpR) kinematic testbed housed at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). CASpR operates on a rail system to propagate the trajectories of two satellites using the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire (HCW) Equations of Motion (EOMs). In this study, the implementation of a Jetson TX2i as an onboard flight computer is discussed and accomplished. Each hardware component used in the process of adding embedded computing as well as the software and paths of communication are all discussed in detail. Tests are conducted to assess the …
Two-Dimensional Steady Boussinesq Convection: Existence, Computation And Scaling, Jeremiah S. Lane, Benjamin F. Akers Benjamin.Akers@Afit.Edu
Two-Dimensional Steady Boussinesq Convection: Existence, Computation And Scaling, Jeremiah S. Lane, Benjamin F. Akers Benjamin.Akers@Afit.Edu
Faculty Publications
This research investigates laser-induced convection through a stream function-vorticity formulation. Specifically, this paper considers a solution to the steady Boussinesq Navier–Stokes equations in two dimensions with a slip boundary condition on a finite box. A fixed-point algorithm is introduced in stream function-vorticity variables, followed by a proof of the existence of steady solutions for small laser amplitudes. From this analysis, an asymptotic relationship is demonstrated between the nondimensional fluid parameters and least upper bounds for laser amplitudes that guarantee existence, which accords with numerical results implementing the algorithm in a finite difference scheme. The findings indicate that the upper bound …
Ionospheric F-Layer Dipole Flute Instability Effects On Electromagnetic Scattering In A Magnetohydrodynamic Plasma, Andrew J. Knisely
Ionospheric F-Layer Dipole Flute Instability Effects On Electromagnetic Scattering In A Magnetohydrodynamic Plasma, Andrew J. Knisely
Theses and Dissertations
The ionosphere has significant impact on radio frequency (RF) applications such as satellites, over-the-horizon radar, and commercial communication systems. The dynamic processes effecting the behavior of the ionic content leads to a variety of instabilities that adversely affect the quality of RF signals. In the F-layer ionosphere, flute instability persists, appearing as two radial regions of high and low density perturbations elongated along the earth's geomagnetic field lines. The sizes of flute structures are comparable to the wavelengths in the high frequency spectrum. The objective is to characterize the high frequency scattering of an incident field by developing a 3D …
Optically Active Selenium Vacancies In Baga4Se7 Crystals, Brian C. Holloway, Timothy D. Gustafson, Christopher A. Lenyk, Nancy C. Giles, Kevin T. Zawilski, Peter G. Schunemann, Kent L. Averett, Larry E. Halliburton
Optically Active Selenium Vacancies In Baga4Se7 Crystals, Brian C. Holloway, Timothy D. Gustafson, Christopher A. Lenyk, Nancy C. Giles, Kevin T. Zawilski, Peter G. Schunemann, Kent L. Averett, Larry E. Halliburton
Faculty Publications
Barium gallium selenide (BaGa4Se7) is a recently developed nonlinear optical material with a transmission window extending from 470 nm to 17 μm. A primary application of these crystals is the production of tunable mid-infrared laser beams via optical parametric oscillation. Unintentional point defects, such as selenium vacancies, cation vacancies (barium and/or gallium), and trace amounts of transition-metal ions, are present in BaGa4Se7 crystals and may adversely affect device performance. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption are used to identify and characterize these defects. Five distinct EPR spectra, each representing an electron …
Traffic Collision Avoidance System: False Injection Viability, John Hannah, Robert F. Mills, Richard A. Dill, Douglas D. Hodson
Traffic Collision Avoidance System: False Injection Viability, John Hannah, Robert F. Mills, Richard A. Dill, Douglas D. Hodson
Faculty Publications
Safety is a simple concept but an abstract task, specifically with aircraft. One critical safety system, the Traffic Collision Avoidance System II (TCAS), protects against mid-air collisions by predicting the course of other aircraft, determining the possibility of collision, and issuing a resolution advisory for avoidance. Previous research to identify vulnerabilities associated with TCAS’s communication processes discovered that a false injection attack presents the most comprehensive risk to veritable trust in TCAS, allowing for a mid-air collision. This research explores the viability of successfully executing a false injection attack against a target aircraft, triggering a resolution advisory. Monetary constraints precluded …
Method Of Making Temperature-Immune Self-Referencing Fabry–Pérot Cavity Sensors, Hengky Chandrahalim, Jonathan W. Smith
Method Of Making Temperature-Immune Self-Referencing Fabry–Pérot Cavity Sensors, Hengky Chandrahalim, Jonathan W. Smith
AFIT Patents
A method of making passive microscopic Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (FPI) sensor includes forming a three-dimensional microscopic optical structure on a cleaved tip of an optical fiber that reflects a light signal back through the optical fiber. The reflected light is altered by refractive index changes in the three-dimensional structure that is subject to at least one of: (i) thermal radiation; and (ii) volatile organic compounds.
Shifting Satellite Control Paradigms: Operational Cybersecurity In The Age Of Megaconstellations, Carl A. Poole [*], Robert A. Bettinger, Mark Reith
Shifting Satellite Control Paradigms: Operational Cybersecurity In The Age Of Megaconstellations, Carl A. Poole [*], Robert A. Bettinger, Mark Reith
Faculty Publications
The introduction of automated satellite control systems into a space-mission environment historically dominated by human-in-the-loop operations will require a more focused understanding of cybersecurity measures to ensure space system safety and security. On the ground-segment side of satellite control, the debut of privately owned communication antennas for rent and a move to cloud-based operations or mission centers will bring new requirements for cyber protection for both Department of Defense and commercial satellite operations alike. It is no longer a matter of whether automation will be introduced to satellite operations, but how quickly satellite operators can adapt to the onset of …
Collaborative All-Source Navigation With Integrity, Jonathon S. Gipson
Collaborative All-Source Navigation With Integrity, Jonathon S. Gipson
Theses and Dissertations
The novel ARMAS-SOM framework fuses collaborative all-source sensor information in a resilient manner with fault detection, exclusion, and integrity solutions recognizable to a GNSS user. This framework uses a multi-filter residual monitoring approach for fault detection and exclusion and is augmented with an additional "observability" EKF sub-layer for resilience. We monitor the a posteriori state covariances in this sub-layer to provide intrinsic awareness when navigation state observability assumptions required for integrity are in danger. This is used to selectively augment the framework with offboard information to preserve resilience. By maintaining split parallel collaborative and proprioceptive estimation instances and employing a …
Characterization Of Anisotropic Materials Using Scattered Field Measurements, Hirsch M. Chizever
Characterization Of Anisotropic Materials Using Scattered Field Measurements, Hirsch M. Chizever
Theses and Dissertations
This research uses monostatic far-zone scattered field measurements to estimate the permittivity of biaxial materials at X-Band. Utilizing Radar Cross Section (RCS) measurement techniques, this effort examines the efficacy of whole-sample TEM illumination in the estimation of anisotropic permittivity, in contrast with traditional subsample illumination methods. The research examines the impact that dielectric supports have on measurement error and uncertainty in permittivity estimates. Following an incremental approach, the research first demonstrates successful estimation of permittivity for isotropic spheres followed by a Teflon isotropic cube. Finally, the method is applied to uniaxial and biaxial cubes whose anisotropic permittivity is validated through …
A Real-Time Algorithm To Achieve Precise Coordinated Arrival Times In A Time-Variant Environment, Shawn S. Stephens
A Real-Time Algorithm To Achieve Precise Coordinated Arrival Times In A Time-Variant Environment, Shawn S. Stephens
Theses and Dissertations
The coordinated arrival time problem seeks to control a vehicle's trajectory to achieve some pre-defined final state at a desired arrival time. The persistent monitoring problem is a type of coordinated arrival problem where a stationary or moving ground target must be constantly observed by a group of aircraft. This research simplifies the problem to overfly the target at specific time intervals relative to the other aircraft in the group while increasing the difficulty of the problem by considering aircraft traveling at vastly different airspeeds. The result of this research is a real time guidance algorithm which accurately guides a …
Improvements To Emissive Plume And Shock Wave Diagnostics And Interpretation During Pulsed Laser Ablation Of Graphite, Timothy I. Calver
Improvements To Emissive Plume And Shock Wave Diagnostics And Interpretation During Pulsed Laser Ablation Of Graphite, Timothy I. Calver
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation covers nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of graphite for 4-5.7 J/cm2 fluences with 248 nm and 532 nm lasers in 1-180 Torr helium, argon, nitrogen, air, and mixed gas. Three experiments were performed to improve the interpretation of common diagnostics used to characterize pulsed laser ablation, find simple but universal scaling relationships for comparing dynamics across different materials and ablation conditions, and provide a systematic analysis of graphite emissive plume and shock wave dynamics. A scaling of the Sedov-Taylor energy ratio was developed and validated for a range of studies despite differences in wavelength, pulse duration, fluence, and …
Evaluating Testing Procedures For Openflow Controller Network Re-Provisioning Time, Steven J. Jensen
Evaluating Testing Procedures For Openflow Controller Network Re-Provisioning Time, Steven J. Jensen
Theses and Dissertations
Software-Defined Networking promises several advantages over traditional networking architectures, but has seen little adoption. Recently codified controller evaluation methodologies have seen little validation without strong statistical analysis of the results. The research developed an environment testing implementing a published Network Re-provisioning Time methodology to evaluate five OpenFlow controllers. The methodology is strong with required parameters but had issues with some edge cases. Further refinement and adding a convergence metric may close the gaps.