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Articles 421 - 450 of 5698
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Characterizing Location-Based Electromagnetic Leakage Of Computing Devices Using Convolutional Neural Networks To Increase The Effectiveness Of Side-Channel Analysis Attacks, Ian C. Heffron
Theses and Dissertations
SCA attacks aim to recover some sort of secret information, often in the form of a cipher key, from a target device. Some of these attacks focus on either power-based leakage, or EM-based leakage. Neural networks have recently gained in popularity as tools in SCA attacks. Near-field EM probes with high-spatial resolution enable attackers to isolate physical locations above a processor. This enables attackers to exploit the spatial dependencies of algorithms running on said processor. These spatial dependencies result in different physical locations above a chip emanating different signal strengths. The strengths of different locations can be mapped using the …
Belief Space Planning For Alternative Navigation In Gnss-Denied Environments, Timothy I. Machin
Belief Space Planning For Alternative Navigation In Gnss-Denied Environments, Timothy I. Machin
Theses and Dissertations
Robust alternative navigation for autonomous agents becomes critical without reliable GNSS. Autonomous agents utilize measurement updates to constrain uncertainty. Belief space planning builds graph structures of beliefs within environments based on probable paths, agent and measurement models, and information of the environment. The Rapidly-exploring Random Alt-Nav Belief Graph (RRBANG) algorithm leverages stochastic filtering to implement a range of alt-nav measurement capabilities for robust navigation in GNSS-denied environments.
Robust Feature Matching For Visual-Based Aerial Navigation Using Registered Imagery, Luis Montenegro
Robust Feature Matching For Visual-Based Aerial Navigation Using Registered Imagery, Luis Montenegro
Theses and Dissertations
This work leverages the SIFT detector along with known robust feature matching techniques for vision-aided sUAS navigation solutions. The proposed algorithm focuses on a sufficient number of features extracted, their quality and their distribution.
Magnetic Anomaly Mapping For Navigation, Luke T. Bergeron
Magnetic Anomaly Mapping For Navigation, Luke T. Bergeron
Theses and Dissertations
Magnetic navigation (MagNav) has the potential to provide a global form of navigation that uses magnetic measurements of the Earth’s anomaly magnetic field and compares those measurements to a magnetic anomaly map in order to determine the user’s position. Widespread use of MagNav will require a database of fully-sampled, low-altitude magnetic anomaly maps. Existing magnetic anomaly map databases usually come from under- or poorly-sampled surveys. In this work, we provide an easy to follow MagNav anomaly map generation framework and set of survey collection metrics/requirements in an effort to help facilitate and standardize the creation of such a database. We …
Classifying Open-Air Target Measurements Using Simulation-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks, Matthew M. Rofrano
Classifying Open-Air Target Measurements Using Simulation-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks, Matthew M. Rofrano
Theses and Dissertations
This research focuses on the development of machine learning networks that can identify and classify airborne targets using their radar cross section response. Simulation and measurement data for five targets was collected using Altair's CadFEKO software, and the Air Force Institute's Compact Radar Range. Three machine learning models were trained using simulation data, and evaluated using the collected measurement data. Variability is introduced to the training data by applying random gaussian noise to simulation results. Gaussian noise is added to the measurement data prior to evaluation in-order to model "hostile noise jamming." Network performance is measured against a baseline performance …
Topological Variability In Water Distribution Networks, James M. Anderson
Topological Variability In Water Distribution Networks, James M. Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
Water distribution networks are critical infrastructure characterized by difficulties in their assessment and deteriorating performance due to aging components. Resilience analysis of networked infrastructure has replaced traditional risk analysis to focus on performance. Global Resilience Analysis can provide useful information to decision makers and system managers regarding repair and expansion of networks. Network performance has been found to be directly informed by network structure. This work leverages graph theory to assess network qualities that correlate with resiliency characteristics across 69 real world water networks. These networks are then grouped by their structural properties through k-means clustering and compared using parametric …
Protection Of Linear Assets In Arctic Regions Using Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resources (Polaar Bear), Christopher P. Lintz
Protection Of Linear Assets In Arctic Regions Using Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resources (Polaar Bear), Christopher P. Lintz
Theses and Dissertations
In the 2018 United States National Defense Strategy, the Department of Defense mandated that forces are to be more dynamic and decentralized. The Arctic region was a key topic that was addressed. This means that in the future, it is possible that personnel will need to operate in the Arctic, away from the standard built up infrastructure, to enhance the capabilities of the Air Force and enable the power projection required for mission execution. When establishing a new location, water systems are one of the first requirements for setting up a temporary base infrastructure. However, the Air Force’s current expeditionary …
Using Embedded Systems And Augmented Reality For Automated Aerial Refueling, Nathaniel A. Wilson
Using Embedded Systems And Augmented Reality For Automated Aerial Refueling, Nathaniel A. Wilson
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of automated aerial refueling (AAR) is to extend the range of unmanned aircraft. Control latency prevents a human from remotely controlling the receiving aircraft as it approaches a tanker. To conform with the size, weight, and power constraints of a small unmanned aircraft, an AAR system must execute in real-time on an embedded platform. This thesis explores the timing and computational performance of a NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin to a state-of-the-art general-purpose computer using existing AAR algorithms. It also constructs an augmented reality framework as an intermediate step for testing vision-based AAR algorithms between virtual testing and expensive …
Atmospheric Polarization And Solar Position As Kalman Updates To A Navigation Solution, Thomas J. Wheeler
Atmospheric Polarization And Solar Position As Kalman Updates To A Navigation Solution, Thomas J. Wheeler
Theses and Dissertations
Simulation and physical testing of a sensor that measures relative position of the Sun and polarization of light in the atmosphere as a navigational aid in a Kalman filter.
Environmental Trade-Offs Of Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Units (Rowpus) And Bottled Water, Caleb A. Boone
Environmental Trade-Offs Of Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Units (Rowpus) And Bottled Water, Caleb A. Boone
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense (DoD) conducts many remote missions around the globe. As part of any remote basing strategy, potable water needs to be secured. Currently, there are three primary means of procuring potable water at remote locations: bottled water, on-site purification, or tie-in to existing, local infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to determine the environmental tradeoffs of bottled water and on-site treatment via a Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU), which uses multiple levels of filtration to make potable water from freshwater or saline water. A cradle-to- gate assessment was developed for both systems to create a …
An Analysis On Recommended United States Air Force Additive Manufacturing Construction Unit Type Code Package For Expeditionary Deployment, Caleb G. Dann
Theses and Dissertations
Additive Manufacturing Construction (AMC) is an emerging technology in the construction industry which utilizes 3-D printing to reduce costs, labor requirements and deviations in quality. This technology has the ability to rapidly produce repeatable construction projects while tailoring each to specific requirements through the use of 3-D designs. One of the primary objectives of the 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) is to continue meeting mission demands with a greater focus on the efficient use of resources. AMC has the ability to satisfy the requirements of this objective. The United States Air Force has begun initial print trials but have not …
Investigation Of Rhine Pointing As A Solution To The Aircraft Human Machine Interface Problem, Alexandra C. Dobranski, Samuel J. Medvec
Investigation Of Rhine Pointing As A Solution To The Aircraft Human Machine Interface Problem, Alexandra C. Dobranski, Samuel J. Medvec
Theses and Dissertations
The human machine interface in 5th generation aircraft has not evolved proportionally with advances in display size and data density. The traditional cursor slew method fails to rapidly relocate the cursor, especially on large displays. Previous studies at the Air Force Test Pilot School and Air Force Institute of Technology identified methods that have the potential to improve the human machine interface. This research expanded upon those studies by providing an assessment of head tracking technology as a secondary method of cursor manipulation. Specifically, this study examined the effects that visual feedback (visible and invisible head tracking cursors) and cursor …
Temporal And Spatial Variability Of Specific Energy Consumption For Atmospheric Water Generators, Anthony T. Brenes
Temporal And Spatial Variability Of Specific Energy Consumption For Atmospheric Water Generators, Anthony T. Brenes
Theses and Dissertations
Atmospheric Water Generators (AWG) produce potable water from the moisture in the air, providing a potentially viable water source in austere locations or emergency response scenarios. In this study, the operating constraints of three existing commercially available AWG devices are investigated, compared to historical weather data from across the continental United States. Utilizing linear regression modeling and weather station data for the years of 1985-2019, the monthly and spatial trends of energy demand to produce water from these devices are evaluated. Energy and water production efficiencies for the devices are highly dependent on environmental conditions with relative humidity and temperature …
A Systems Modeling Approach To Support Human-Agent Team Performance For Combat Identification, Clayton W. Couch
A Systems Modeling Approach To Support Human-Agent Team Performance For Combat Identification, Clayton W. Couch
Theses and Dissertations
Combat Identification (CID) in an air-to-air combat context is a highly complex cognitive task that requires the operator to make rapid, high consequence decisions. To accomplish CID, fighter aircrew must attend to and perceive a broad range of information while concurrently building situation awareness (SA) and conducting other tasks. While existing automated agents are available to help fighter aircrew with this CID task, they are designed for a very narrow subset of the overall task and are not well suited for human-agent teaming. An interdependence analysis of the human operator and supporting machine agents conducted for this task support the …
Civilian And Military Civil Engineer Mission In The Space Domain, Linda E. Kuster
Civilian And Military Civil Engineer Mission In The Space Domain, Linda E. Kuster
Theses and Dissertations
Military and civil interest in space-based operations has increased dramatically in recent years due to the discovery of life sustaining properties such as water on Mars and advancements in cyber technology. Civilian sector discussions and research have centered on the establishment of permanent extraterrestrial infrastructure, while discussions from the military perspective have focused on providing reliable, resilient infrastructure, capable of withstanding cyber-based and kinetic attacks. Both perspectives account for known threats and sustainment methods required to ensure success in the space domain. With the existence of threats for the military and civilian missions, civil engineers will undoubtedly be critical to …
Mission Dependency Weighted Water Distribution Networks, Payten A. Connally
Mission Dependency Weighted Water Distribution Networks, Payten A. Connally
Theses and Dissertations
How does the United States Air Force (USAF) assess and plan to replace their most critical drinking water infrastructure? The historical answer is to wait for it to break and then replace or repair the failed pipe. While this has been the process in the past, it is no longer a sustainable approach with resources and funding becoming more constrained in the public and private sectors, and aging assets approaching the end of their usable life. The USAF has taken the first step in asset management to identify their underground water lines, but they have not developed ways to convey …
The Kinetics Of Biocontaminant Inactivation: A Comparative Study With Bacillus Globigii And Bacillus Anthracis, Leigh M. Durden
The Kinetics Of Biocontaminant Inactivation: A Comparative Study With Bacillus Globigii And Bacillus Anthracis, Leigh M. Durden
Theses and Dissertations
Bacillus anthracis has been a biological threat for decades and after the 2001 terrorist attack via the U.S. Postal Service where five people died, there was heightened awareness and inquiry on the subject (Goel, 2015; Greenberg et al., 2010; Nicholson & Galeano, 2003; Spotts Whitney et al., 2003). The health risk to humans makes this biological agent, a Tier 1 agent and one of the most likely to be used in an attack (Anthrax as a Bioterrorism Weapon | CDC, n.d.; Driks, 2009; Rose & Rice, 2014). B. anthracis is one of most resistant and potent biological warfare agents as …
Climate-Informed Idf Curve Updates And Impact On Design Policy, Douglas C. Jaks
Climate-Informed Idf Curve Updates And Impact On Design Policy, Douglas C. Jaks
Theses and Dissertations
Stormwater systems across the United States (US) are aging with the American Society of Civil Engineers awarding a grade of D for the state of the infrastructure. Additionally, these aging systems are under-designed for climate-induced non-stationarity of rainfall. Several studies indicate a global increase of extreme rainfall events as a result of climate change, driving the need for future stormwater management designs that account for a changing climate. Specifically, this research generates climate-change informed intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve change factors through downscaled climate scenario change factors. While previous work has identified processes for predicting future IDF curves, this study generated curves, …
Comparison Of Federated Kalman Filter And Autonomous Resilient Management Of All-Source Sensors (Armas) Framework For Fault Detection And Exclusion, Flavio Fernandes
Comparison Of Federated Kalman Filter And Autonomous Resilient Management Of All-Source Sensors (Armas) Framework For Fault Detection And Exclusion, Flavio Fernandes
Theses and Dissertations
In recent times, there is a great demand for resilient and robust PNT solutions. Current navigation systems rely heavily on GNSS to provide this solution. This dependence is a major concern and therefore it is prudent to use additional aids to provide the best solution possible. However, traditional methods to address this need require a nontrivial number of Kalman filters to maintain a fault-free solution. The federated filter approach provides an attractive alternative to the current solutions. In this thesis, we examine the use of the federated filter design to address this need in today’s integrated navigation systems. We compared …
Net Zero Water Air Force Installations, Kenneth R. Mcknight
Net Zero Water Air Force Installations, Kenneth R. Mcknight
Theses and Dissertations
The United States continues to face problems of a reduction in quality and quantity of groundwater sources because water extraction exceeds natural source recharge. The Air Force has recognized the importance of these groundwater sources but has put minimal effort into determining their contribution to the depletion of these sources. The purpose of this study is to determine this contribution by determining whether Air Force installations are net zero water. This is done using a geospatial information system to determine the volume of water recharging groundwater sources associated with an Air Force installation. This volume is then compared to the …
Team And Skill Matching For Disaster Recovery Operations, Emily B. Frahm
Team And Skill Matching For Disaster Recovery Operations, Emily B. Frahm
Theses and Dissertations
United States Air Force (USAF) bases are key power projection platforms that ensure mission readiness and help bring humanitarian aid to locations in need. Recovering airfields after attack or natural disaster is a key mission of USAF civil engineers, and accomplishing this repair as swiftly as possible is key to maintaining our position in the global order. Accomplishing a disaster recovery project is a set of teams, each assigned to a specific task, and made up of a series of personnel. The question answered within this paper is: how do we match the right person with the appropriate skills to …
An Analysis Of A Modular Open System Approach On Program Management Metrics For Cost And Schedule, Kayla I. Vogler
An Analysis Of A Modular Open System Approach On Program Management Metrics For Cost And Schedule, Kayla I. Vogler
Theses and Dissertations
A modular open system approach (MOSA) and its inclusion of open architecture are among the prevailing acquisition strategies for cost and schedule management. This approach involves the incorporation of reusable, modular packages that can be incrementally added and upgraded throughout programs’ lifecycles. Many practitioners throughout the acquisitions community find that MOSA enables better opportunities for affordability, rapid acquisition, flexibility, enhanced competition, and innovation. A literature review reveals that few studies examine the interaction between MOSA and the extent to which it influences cost and schedule performance. However, no studies to date examine open architecture’s impact via programmatic evaluation of Earned …
Arctic Construction Under Climatological Constraints: A Decision Support System For Expeditionary Construction Site Selection In The Arctic Environment, Zachary S. Wontrop
Arctic Construction Under Climatological Constraints: A Decision Support System For Expeditionary Construction Site Selection In The Arctic Environment, Zachary S. Wontrop
Theses and Dissertations
The natural physical barriers present in the Arctic are being eroded by climate change, increasing near peer adversaries' abilities to exploit this region for strategic and economic gain. To maintain the Arctic as a region of strategic and economic international cooperation, increased infrastructure investment by the United States and its allies are required. No methodology currently exists to quantify construction-limiting climatological factors over time and space. Decision support systems can provide actionable information to guide decision makers during site selection. This research employs geographic, and time-coded historical climatology applied to a project case study, to develop a site selection decision …
Applications Of Fragile Curves To Water Distribution Networks, Danielle M. Van Lanen
Applications Of Fragile Curves To Water Distribution Networks, Danielle M. Van Lanen
Theses and Dissertations
Water distribution networks are of critical importance to provide uninterrupted services to a city. Not only do they provide potable drinking water to customers they also are used for fire services and other emergency support functions. By the year 2039, the United States’ drinking water investment gap is estimated to grow to $136 billion dollars. As the gap between available funding and funding required, being able to prioritize assets for investments is critical. Unfortunately, water distribution networks are typically managed reactively rather than proactively. This paper showcases a methodology for a proactive approach to asset management through the use of …
Information System Availability Status And Its Impact On Customer Wait Times, Joshua A. Cramer
Information System Availability Status And Its Impact On Customer Wait Times, Joshua A. Cramer
Theses and Dissertations
The Military Personnel Flight relies on Air Force Information Systems, specifically the Defense Enrollment Eligibility and Reporting System (DEERS), to manage the personnel records. When DEERS experiences a failure, then the operational ability of the Military Personnel Flight is affected. This study aims at identifying the impact Air Force information system’s availability status has on customer wait times using linear regression.
Decontamination Of Perfluoroalkyl Substances From Stainless Steel Piping Used In Aqueous Film Forming Foam Fire Suppression Systems, Ryan M. Register
Decontamination Of Perfluoroalkyl Substances From Stainless Steel Piping Used In Aqueous Film Forming Foam Fire Suppression Systems, Ryan M. Register
Theses and Dissertations
This study examines the removal of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from legacy hangar fire suppression systems which utilized PFAS containing aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). Hundreds of these systems are currently in place throughout the Department of Defense, with planned phase-out occurring by 2024. The estimated cost of replacing these systems is $2.1 billion dollars. To mitigate this cost, a triple-rinse method of decontamination has been proposed. This thesis explores the release of PFAS from AFFF systems during a triple-rinse decontamination, and the continued removal of PFAS after a triple-rinse is complete while simultaneously analyzing methylene blue dye as a potential …
U.S. Army Force Structure Optimization And Sufficiency Analysis, Francis P. Gargin
U.S. Army Force Structure Optimization And Sufficiency Analysis, Francis P. Gargin
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Army perpetually deploys rotational forces across the globe in support of the National Security Strategy. These forces meet a set of discrete mission demands over an extended time period before redeploying, modernizing, and preparing for the next deployment. The U.S. Army now utilizes the Regionally Aligned Readiness and Modernization Model to execute these cyclical stages for unit deployments. Specific emphasis is placed on aligning forces against a Geographic Combatant Command, which allows units to build readiness and lethality oriented towards the same series of threats, physical terrain, and civilian considerations. This research provides an Integer Programming model …
Rate Effects In Aircraft Learning Curves, Caleb J. Ahern
Rate Effects In Aircraft Learning Curves, Caleb J. Ahern
Theses and Dissertations
Across the Department of Defense (DoD), a wide variety of analytical tools are employed by cost analysts to estimate weapon system costs. One of the techniques widely employed by practitioners is the learning curve (LC). Although learning curves have been widely studied, using rate-adjustments or production rate effects (PRE), their usage have only intermittently been evaluated in place of using the traditional learning curve. Previous studies analyzing production rate found mixed results. This research aims to examine aircraft production data to determine if production rate model is preferrable in United States Air Force programs. Additionally, this PRE research seeks to …
Angle Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study Of Germanium Tin: Experimentally Determined Electronic Band Gap And Surface Analysis, Jeremy M. Hunter
Angle Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study Of Germanium Tin: Experimentally Determined Electronic Band Gap And Surface Analysis, Jeremy M. Hunter
Theses and Dissertations
The germanium tin band gap is responsive to wavelengths in the mid to near infrared spectrum; this shows promise in meeting the detection demands of the next generation infrared detectors. Recent developments in germanium tin (GeSn) alloy growth techniques have peaked the scientific community’s interest in GeSn based optoelectrical and detection devices. Detection materials made entirely of group IV elements are compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor manufacturing techniques. Understanding the surface chemistry of this alloy is fundamental for solid state device design and must be analyzed to optimize device performance. Studies have shown that with the addition of tin, the …
Fast Engineering Model For Defect Production In Magnesium Oxide, Henry R. Little
Fast Engineering Model For Defect Production In Magnesium Oxide, Henry R. Little
Theses and Dissertations
Defect production from irradiation of materials with thicknesses much less than the mean free path for neutron interaction is explored. A model is developed using the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code from Los Alamos National Laboratory, experimental data from irradiations at the Oak Ridge High Flux Isotope Reactor, defect production theory, and atomistic simulation results to predict the total number of F-centers resulting from neutron irradiation of a MgO rod. This model accurately predicts the concentration of atomic defects under conditions closely matching experiments at long timescales, for large geometries, and requiring only 6.9 minutes on a single CPU. Results …