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Articles 1831 - 1860 of 5700
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Improved Terahertz Modulation Using Germanium Telluride (Gete) Chalcogenide Thin Films, Alexander H. Gwin, Christopher H. Kodama, Tod V. Laurvick, Ronald Coutu Jr., Philip F. Taday
Improved Terahertz Modulation Using Germanium Telluride (Gete) Chalcogenide Thin Films, Alexander H. Gwin, Christopher H. Kodama, Tod V. Laurvick, Ronald Coutu Jr., Philip F. Taday
Faculty Publications
We demonstrate improved terahertz (THz) modulation using thermally crystallized germanium telluride (GeTe) thin films. GeTe is a chalcogenide material that exhibits a nonvolatile, amorphous to crystalline phase change at approximately 200 °C, as well as six orders of magnitude decreased electrical resistivity. In this study, amorphous GeTe thin films were sputtered on sapphire substrates and then tested using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The test samples, heated in-situ while collecting THz-TDS measurements, exhibited a gradual absorbance increase, an abrupt nonvolatile reduction at the transition temperature, followed by another gradual increase in absorbance. The transition temperature was verified by conducting similar thermal …
A System Dynamics Approach To The Efficacy Of Oxime Therapy In Sub Lethal Exposure To Sarin Gas, Daniel J. Droste
A System Dynamics Approach To The Efficacy Of Oxime Therapy In Sub Lethal Exposure To Sarin Gas, Daniel J. Droste
Theses and Dissertations
The 2010 National Security Strategy states, The effective dissemination of a lethal agent would endanger the lives of thousands of people and have unprecedented economic, societal, and political consequences. We must continue to work at home with first responders and health officials to reduce the risk associated with high-consequence threats . Nerve agents, such as Sarin gas, are considered high consequence threats. The threat of use of agents such as Sarin is as much a threat today as any other time in our history. However, the suggested treatment protocol is not as precise as it could be. Debate exists over …
Supply Chain Interoperability Measurement, Christos E. Chalyvidis
Supply Chain Interoperability Measurement, Christos E. Chalyvidis
Theses and Dissertations
Academia recognizes that although supply chains have an inherent need to be validated for their performance, supply chain performance measurement systems are still inadequate and one of the major barriers to successful supply chain collaboration. In this research, theory of Systems Architecture is used to make the first step towards an innovative supply chain performance measure defined as supply chain interoperability. Interoperability is considered a similarity metric with regard to a set of deterministic and stochastic characters (criteria) describing supply chain participants, a methodology that adapts and expands an interoperability measurement tool initially developed in and for a military context. …
Generation Of Strategies For Environmental Deception In Two-Player Normal-Form Games, Howard E. Poston
Generation Of Strategies For Environmental Deception In Two-Player Normal-Form Games, Howard E. Poston
Theses and Dissertations
Methods of performing and defending against deceptive actions are a popular field of study in game theory; however, the focus is mostly on action deception in turn-based games. This work focuses on developing strategies for performing environmental deception in two-player, strategic-form games. Environmental deception is defined as deception where one player has the ability to change the other's perception of the state of the game through modification of their perception of the game's payoff matrix, similar to the use of camouflage. The main contributions of this research are an expansion of the definition of the stability of a Nash equilibrium …
Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The F-15e Risk Management During Peacetime Operations, Elliot B. Vasquez
Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The F-15e Risk Management During Peacetime Operations, Elliot B. Vasquez
Theses and Dissertations
Human factors are causal or contributory in 80% of Class A mishaps in the Air Force. Risk management tools are used throughout the service in every aircraft to help mitigate the risk of those human factors occurring. The F-15E Strike Eagle community was selected for analysis on the effectiveness of its risk management program but the data was comprised on Class A mishaps from Accident Investigation Boards since 2000 between the F-15 (all models), F-16 (all models), and F-22. Cases were selected if there were human factors root causes or contributory. A fault tree analysis coupled with the Department of …
Exhaust Composition In A Small Internal Combustion Engine Using Ftir Spectroscopy, Kevin P. Horn
Exhaust Composition In A Small Internal Combustion Engine Using Ftir Spectroscopy, Kevin P. Horn
Theses and Dissertations
The mission-specific needs of small, remotely piloted aircraft demand lighter, more efficient engines with increased performance for their propulsion systems. A wide range of experimental efforts were undertaken to further the ability to obtain performance data on small engines as well as to develop understanding of their operation. Data were collected to quantify friction losses present in the dynamometer drivetrain on the small engine research bench. A correction and calibration model was developed for brake power collected by the dynamometer. Mechanical efficiencies for 28 cm3, 55 cm3 and 85 cm3 engines were 92.4%, 91.3% and 89.7%, respectively. Maximum fuel conversion …
Effect Of Prior Exposure At Elevated Temperatures On Tensile Properties And Stress-Strain Behavior Of Four Non-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites, Sarah M. Wallentine
Effect Of Prior Exposure At Elevated Temperatures On Tensile Properties And Stress-Strain Behavior Of Four Non-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites, Sarah M. Wallentine
Theses and Dissertations
Thermal stability of four non-oxide ceramic matrix composites was studied. The materials studied were commercially available composites: SiC/SiNC; C/SiC; C/SiC-B4C (C/HYPR-SiCTM); and SiC/SiC-B4C (SiC/HYPR-SiCTM). COI Ceramics manufactured the SiC/SiNC and C/SiC composites using polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). The C/HYPR-SiCTM and SiC/HYPR-SiCTM CMCs were manufactured by Hyper-Therm High-Temperature Composites using chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). All four composites rely on a dense matrix for strength, stiffness, and oxidation protection. Fiber coating provides a fiber-matrix interface that allows fiber-matrix debonding and fiber pullout to occur, imparting fracture toughness to the CMC. The SiC/SiNC, C/SiC, and C/HYPR-SiC …
A Method To Predict Compressor Stall In The Tf34-100 Turbofan Engine Utilizing Real-Time Performance Data, Shuxiang A. Li, Trevor G. Jones
A Method To Predict Compressor Stall In The Tf34-100 Turbofan Engine Utilizing Real-Time Performance Data, Shuxiang A. Li, Trevor G. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force current operations continue to undergo significant changes compelled by decreasing fiscal appropriations, aging aircraft, and personnel drawdown. The Air Force must effectively improve current maintenance operations in part to deal with these challenges. This study will explore the area of the A-10 aircraft fleet's TF34-100 high-pass turbo-fan engine sensor data to seek its deterioration modelling and prognostics capability. In futurity this will allow for achievement of greater confidence in predicting the compressor stall which leads to engine performance deterioration and a costly repair in maintenance. By utilizing an innovative method to forecast the probability of compressor stall, …
Coupling Nuclear Induced Phonon Propagation With Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Michael J. Parker
Coupling Nuclear Induced Phonon Propagation With Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Michael J. Parker
Theses and Dissertations
Mössbauer spectroscopy is a very sensitive measurement technique (10-8 eV) which prompted motivation for the experiment described in this thesis. Namely, can a sensitive detection system be developed to detect nuclear recoils on the order of 10 to 100 of eVs? The hypothesis that this thesis tests is: Nuclear induced phonon bursts caused by Rutherford scattered alphas, decayed from 241Am, in a type-310 stainless steel material can couple with 7.3 keV conversion electron Mössbauer events at the other end of the material which will have a statistically significant effect on a Mössbauer spectrum. The phonon bursts produced by …
An Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of Air Force Risk Management Practices In Program Acquisition Using Survey Instrument Analysis, Michael J. Maroney Jr.
An Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of Air Force Risk Management Practices In Program Acquisition Using Survey Instrument Analysis, Michael J. Maroney Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Air Force acquisition programs invest a large amount of resources to develop and field systems. Many of these resources go to risk management in order to help ensure those programs finish successfully with respect to cost, schedule, and technical performance goals. The question arises as to whether this is a sound investment. Although risk management has been shown to be effective in industry, scant empirical evidence exists for its effectiveness within the Air Force. Correlation and regression analysis of survey data show that a positive relationship does exist between specific risk practices and project success. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that …
A Methodology For The Optimization Of Disaggregated Space System Conceptual Designs, Robert E. Thompson
A Methodology For The Optimization Of Disaggregated Space System Conceptual Designs, Robert E. Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
Optimal design techniques have proven to be an effective systems engineering tool. Using systems architecture as the foundation, this research explores the use of mixed variable optimization models for synthesizing and evaluating disaggregated space system concepts. Model-based conceptual design techniques are used to identify and assess system architectures based upon estimated system cost, performance trades, and cost risk. The Disaggregated Integral System Concept Optimization (DISCO) methodology is introduced, and then applied to representative space-based missions. Several results are obtained that indicate significant cost effectiveness gains from the optimization of multi-orbit and multi-function/multi-orbit disaggregated space systems. The general methodology has broad …
Modal Characterization Of A Piezoelectric Shaker Table, Randall J. Hodkin
Modal Characterization Of A Piezoelectric Shaker Table, Randall J. Hodkin
Theses and Dissertations
Piezoelectric actuated shaker tables are often used for high frequency fatigue testing. Since natural frequencies can appear in the operating range of these shaker tables, it is necessary to conduct modal characterization of the system before testing. This thesis describes the design and experimental validation of a mechanical model used for modal analysis of a piezoelectric shaker table. A commercially available three-dimensional scanning device was used to produce a point cloud model of the surface geometry, which was converted to a solid model and imported into a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) package for modal analysis. Using a laser vibrometer to …
Simulation Of Metal Particulates In High Energetic Materials, Eduardo Nieto
Simulation Of Metal Particulates In High Energetic Materials, Eduardo Nieto
Theses and Dissertations
This research focused on analyzing the effects of aluminum in high explosives such as PBX9501 using the MPEXS computational simulation code for a wide range of metalized explosive cases. The varying parameters are aluminum particle diameter and mass fraction of aluminum. The addition of metal particulates in explosive mixtures increases the density of the shock wave, causing a higher pressure in the shock. It was concluded that pressure and density steadily increases as the Al particle diameter increases, and pressure and density decreases when Al mass fraction increases. The concentrated pressures will dissipate quickly due to the high density, providing …
Creep Of Sylramic-Ibn Fiber Tows At Elevated Temperature In Air And In Silicic Acid-Saturated Steam, Kevin B. Sprinkle
Creep Of Sylramic-Ibn Fiber Tows At Elevated Temperature In Air And In Silicic Acid-Saturated Steam, Kevin B. Sprinkle
Theses and Dissertations
Stressed oxidation experiments on Sylramic-iBN fiber tows were performed to evaluate the novel fiber's mechanical performance, creep behavior, and creep mechanisms. This research effort investigated creep response of Sylramic-iBN fiber tows at elevated temperatures in both air and in silicic acid-saturated steam environments. Creep experiments were conducted at creep stresses ranging from 127 to 762 MPa at 400°C and 500°C in order to examine the mechanical behavior of the Sylramic-iBN fiber tows at temperatures below and above the melting point of boria (450°C). Sylramic-iBN fibers are known to have excellent creep resistance, better than most other non-oxide fibers and significantly …
Orbit Estimation Of Non-Cooperative Maneuvering Spacecraft, Gary M. Goff
Orbit Estimation Of Non-Cooperative Maneuvering Spacecraft, Gary M. Goff
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the ever increasing congestion of the space environment, there is an increased demand for real-time situation awareness of all objects in space. An unknown spacecraft maneuver changes the predicted orbit, complicates tracking, and degrades estimate accuracies. Traditional orbit estimation routines are implemented, tested, and compared to a multiple model format that adaptively handles unknown maneuvers. Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation is implemented in an original way to track a non-cooperative satellite by covariance inflation and filtering-through a maneuver. Parameters for successful instantaneous maneuver reconstruction are analyzed. Variable State Dimension estimation of a continuously maneuvering spacecraft is investigated. A requirements …
Topology Optimization Of An Aircraft Wing, David L. Walker
Topology Optimization Of An Aircraft Wing, David L. Walker
Theses and Dissertations
A Topology Optimization (TO) was conducted on an aircraft wing in order to mathematically determine an ideal structural case for future aircraft. TO generally involves iteratively reducing individual elemental density until the desired mass or volume constraint is met. Two different TO styles where approached: a global three-dimensional concept and a more traditional two-dimensional rib and spar optimization which more closely mimics the baseline model. All optimizations were compared against a baseline wing for von-Mises stress, displacement, and buckling. The objective of this research was to develop a design procedure maintaining the baseline structural integrity of the wing while reducing …
Intrinsic Physical Layer Authentication Of Integrated Circuits, William E. Cobb, Michael A. Temple, Rusty O. Baldwin, Eric W. Garcia, Eric D. Lapse
Intrinsic Physical Layer Authentication Of Integrated Circuits, William E. Cobb, Michael A. Temple, Rusty O. Baldwin, Eric W. Garcia, Eric D. Lapse
AFIT Patents
A system and method of generating and comparing a fingerprint for an integrated circuit is provided. A sensor module captures electromagnetic emissions from the integrated circuit. A feature extraction module extracts discriminating features from the captured electromagnetic emissions. A classifier training module generates a plurality of authentication fingerprints of the integrated circuit from the extracted discriminating features creating a reference fingerprint template for the integrated circuit. The reference template for the integrated circuit is stored in a database. For authentication, the reference fingerprint template from the database is compared to the generated authentication fingerprint.
Global Navigation Satellite System Signal Decomposition And Parameterization Algorithm, Marshall E. Haker, John F. Raquet
Global Navigation Satellite System Signal Decomposition And Parameterization Algorithm, Marshall E. Haker, John F. Raquet
AFIT Patents
A method and apparatus is provided for intra-PIT signal decomposition of a signal received with RF front end hardware. The method begins by aligning a signal received by RF front end hardware into integer multiples of a duration of a pseudorandom noise code sequence. A search grid is computed based on an integer multiple of the aligned signal. A plurality of initial ray parameters associated with the computed search grid is coarsely estimated. Using the coarsely estimated plurality of initial ray parameters, a fine estimation of the plurality of initial ray parameters is initiated utilizing stochastic search and optimization techniques. …
Impact Of Prognostic Uncertainty In System Health Monitoring, Robert M. Vandawaker, David R. Jacques, Jason K. Freels
Impact Of Prognostic Uncertainty In System Health Monitoring, Robert M. Vandawaker, David R. Jacques, Jason K. Freels
Faculty Publications
Across many industries, systems are exceeding their intended design lives, whether they are ships, bridges or military aircraft. As a result failure rates can increase and unanticipated wear or failure conditions can arise. Health monitoring research and application has the potential to more safely lengthen the service life of a range of systems through utilization of sensor data and knowledge of failure mechanisms to predict component life remaining. A further benefit of health monitoring when combined across an entire platform is system health management. System health management is an enabler of condition based maintenance, which allows repair or replacement based …
Interstitial Silicon Ions In Rutile Tio2 Crystals, Eric M. Golden, Nancy C. Giles, Shan Yang, Larry E. Halliburton
Interstitial Silicon Ions In Rutile Tio2 Crystals, Eric M. Golden, Nancy C. Giles, Shan Yang, Larry E. Halliburton
Faculty Publications
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify a new and unique photoactive silicon-related point defect in single crystals of rutile TiO2. The importance of this defect lies in its assignment to interstitial silicon ions and the unexpected establishment of silicon impurities as a major hole trap in TiO2. Principal g values of this new S=1/2 center are 1.9159, 1.9377, and 1.9668 with principal axes along the [¯110],[001], and [110] directions, respectively. Hyperfine structure in the EPR spectrum shows the unpaired spin interacting equally with two Ti nuclei and unequally with two Si nuclei. These silicon …
Unique Two-Way Field Probe Concept Utilizing A Geodesic Sphere And Quad-Rotor, Travis A. Albee
Unique Two-Way Field Probe Concept Utilizing A Geodesic Sphere And Quad-Rotor, Travis A. Albee
Theses and Dissertations
Surveying the test volume of a radar range normally involves utilizing an antenna field probe to measure the electromagnetic field in that volume of space. Today, field probes vary in size and shape and can be difficult and time consuming to setup. They also have a limited range of motion due to their support structure and translational mechanism, which also has scattering mechanisms that can perturb the field they are measuring. Field probes are useful, but because of these shortcomings they can provide limited characterization of the field illuminating the measurement area. Leveraging quad-rotor technology, coupled with a two-way probe …
Static Scene Statistical Non-Uniformity Correction, Adrian M. Catarius
Static Scene Statistical Non-Uniformity Correction, Adrian M. Catarius
Theses and Dissertations
Non-Uniformity Correction (NUC) is required to normalize imaging detector Focal-Plane Array (FPA) outputs due to differences in the end-to-end photoelectric responses between pixels. Currently, multi-point NUC methods require static, uniform target scenes of a known intensity for calibration. Conversely, scene-based NUC methods do not require a priori knowledge of the target but the target scene must be dynamic. The new Static Scene Statistical Non-Uniformity Correction (S3NUC) algorithm was developed to address an application gap left by current NUC methods. S3NUC requires the use of two data sets of a static scene at different mean intensities but does not require a …
Leveraging Human Insights By Combining Multi-Objective Optimization With Interactive Evolution, Joshua R. Christman
Leveraging Human Insights By Combining Multi-Objective Optimization With Interactive Evolution, Joshua R. Christman
Theses and Dissertations
Deceptive fitness landscapes are a growing concern for evolutionary computation. Recent work has shown that combining human insights with short-term evolution has a synergistic effect that accelerates the discovery of solutions. While humans provide rich insights, they fatigue easily. Previous work reduced the number of human evaluations by evolving a diverse set of candidates via intermittent searches for novelty. While successful at evolving solutions for a deceptive maze domain, this approach lacks the ability to measure what the human evaluator identifies as important. The key insight here is that multi-objective evolutionary algorithms foster diversity, serving as a surrogate for novelty, …
Identifying Image Manipulation Software From Image Features, Devlin T. Boyter
Identifying Image Manipulation Software From Image Features, Devlin T. Boyter
Theses and Dissertations
As technology steadily increases in the field of image manipulation, determining which software was used to manipulate an image becomes increasingly complex for law enforcement and intelligence agencies. To combat this difficult problem, new techniques that examine the artifacts left behind by a specific manipulation are converted to features for classification. This research implemented four preexisting image manipulation detection techniques into a framework of modules: Two-Dimensional Second Derivative, One-Dimensional Zero Crossings, Quantization Matrices Identification, and File Metadata analysis. The intent is the creation of a framework to develop a capability to determine which specific image manipulation software program manipulated an …
The Theory And Application Of Privacy-Preserving Computation, Michael R. Clark
The Theory And Application Of Privacy-Preserving Computation, Michael R. Clark
Theses and Dissertations
Privacy is a growing concern in the digital world as more information becomes digital every day. Often the implications of how this information could be exploited for nefarious purposes are not explored until after the fact. The public is becoming more concerned about this. This dissertation introduces a new paradigm for tackling the problem, namely, transferable multiparty computation (T-MPC). T-MPC builds upon existing multiparty computation work yet allows some additional flexibility in the set of participants. T-MPC is orders of magnitude more efficient for certain applications. This greatly increases the scalability of the sizes of networks supported for privacy-preserving computation.
Estimating Single And Multiple Target Locations Using K-Means Clustering With Radio Tomographic Imaging In Wireless Sensor Networks, Jeffrey K. Nishida
Estimating Single And Multiple Target Locations Using K-Means Clustering With Radio Tomographic Imaging In Wireless Sensor Networks, Jeffrey K. Nishida
Theses and Dissertations
Geolocation involves using data from a sensor network to assess and estimate the location of a moving or stationary target. Received Signal Strength (RSS), Angle of Arrival (AoA), and/or Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) measurements can be used to estimate target location in sensor networks. Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI) is an emerging Device-Free Localization (DFL) concept that utilizes the RSS values of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to geolocate stationary or moving target(s). The WSN is set up around the Area of Interest (AoI) and the target of interest, which can be a person or object. The target inside the …
Pilot Assisted Inertial Navigation System Aiding Using Bearings-Only Measurements Taken Over Time, Anthony T. Mirabile
Pilot Assisted Inertial Navigation System Aiding Using Bearings-Only Measurements Taken Over Time, Anthony T. Mirabile
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this work is to develop an alternative INS aiding source other than the GPS, while preserving the autonomy of the integrated navigation system. It is proposed to develop a modernized method of aerial navigation using driftmeter measurements from an E/O system for ground feature tracking, and an independent altitude sensor in conjunction with the INS. The pilot will track a ground feature with the E/O system, while the aircraft is on autopilot holding constant airspeed, altitude, and heading during an INS aiding session. The ground feature measurements from the E/O system and the INS output form measurements …
Modeling Navigation System Performance Of A Satellite-Observing Star Tracker Tightly Integrated With An Inertial Measurement Unit, Scott J. Pierce
Modeling Navigation System Performance Of A Satellite-Observing Star Tracker Tightly Integrated With An Inertial Measurement Unit, Scott J. Pierce
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation evaluates a navigation system using satellite observations from a star tracker tightly-integrated with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a barometric altimeter using an extended Kalman filter. The star tracker measurement accuracy of a satellite is derived. Several system configurations are simulated comparing the performance of the estimate with respect to system parameters of the IMU, and star tracker, as well as comparing performance when providing a remote sensor satellite ephemeris error correction. Experimental observations are used to evaluate the model performance. Additionally, power requirements were calculated for a satellite signal operating in imaging bands, such that a …
A Novel Analysis Of Performance Classification And Workload Prediction Using Electroencephalography (Eeg) Frequency Data, Donovan L. Ricks
A Novel Analysis Of Performance Classification And Workload Prediction Using Electroencephalography (Eeg) Frequency Data, Donovan L. Ricks
Theses and Dissertations
Across the DOD each task an operator is presented with has some level of difficulty associated with it. This level of difficulty over the course of the task is also known as workload, where the operator is faced with varying levels of workload as he or she attempts to complete the task. The focus of the research presented in this thesis is to determine if those changes in workload can be predicted and to determine if individuals can be classified based on performance in order to prevent an increase in workload that would cause a decline in performance in a …
Urban Environment Navigation With Real-Time Data Utilizing Computer Vision, Inertial, And Gps Sensors, Johnathan L. Rohde
Urban Environment Navigation With Real-Time Data Utilizing Computer Vision, Inertial, And Gps Sensors, Johnathan L. Rohde
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to obtain a navigation solution that used real data, in a degraded or denied global positioning system (GPS) environment, from low cost commercial o the shelf sensors. The sensors that were integrated together were a commercial inertial measurement unit (IMU), monocular camera computer vision algorithm, and GPS. Furthermore, the monocular camera computer vision algorithm had to be robust enough to handle any camera orientation that was presented to it. This research develops a visual odometry 2-D zero velocity measurement that is derived by both the features points that are extracted from a monocular camera …