Engineering Commons^™

Investigating Collaborative Explainable Ai (Cxai)/Social Forum As An Explainable Ai (Xai) Method In Autonomous Driving (Ad), Tauseef Ibne Mamun

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Explainable AI (XAI) systems primarily focus on algorithms, integrating additional information into AI decisions and classifications to enhance user or developer comprehension of the system's behavior. These systems often incorporate untested concepts of explainability, lacking grounding in the cognitive and educational psychology literature (S. T. Mueller et al., 2021). Consequently, their effectiveness may be limited, as they may address problems that real users don't encounter or provide information that users do not seek.

In contrast, an alternative approach called Collaborative XAI (CXAI), as proposed by S. Mueller et al (2021), emphasizes generating explanations without relying solely on algorithms. CXAI centers …

The Building Data Genome Directory – An Open, Comprehensive Data Sharing Platform For Building Performance Research, Xiaoyu Jin, Chun Fu, Hussain Kazmi, Atilla Balint, Ada Canaydin, Matias Quintana, Filip Biljecki, Fu Xiao, Clayton Miller

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

The building sector plays a crucial role in the worldwide decarbonization effort, accounting for significant portions of energy consumption and environmental effects. However, the scarcity of open data sources is a continuous challenge for built environment researchers and practitioners. Although several efforts have been made to consolidate existing open datasets, no database currently offers a comprehensive collection of building data types with all subcategories and time granularities (e.g., year, month, and sub-hour). This paper presents the Building Data Genome Directory, an open data-sharing platform serving as a one-stop shop for the data necessary for vital categories of building energy research. …

Evaluation Of Nanoclay Additives For Improving Resistance To Moisture Damage In Hot Mix Asphalt (Hma), Amro El Badawy, Ashraf Rahim

Mineta Transportation Institute

Transportation has an enormous impact on the U.S. economy and on the lives of all Americans. Many modes of transportation rely on pavement, but pavement conditions deteriorate over time because of the combined effects of traffic and climate. Exposure to moisture often causes premature failure of asphalt pavements as it reduces the stiffness of the asphalt and enables stripping of the asphalt from the aggregate. This research evaluates the effectiveness of clay nanomaterials (i.e., nanoclays) in improving the resistance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) to moisture damage and compares the enhancement results to anti-stripping additives commonly used in pavement construction. …

Editorial: Internet Of Energy For Renewable Energy-Based Decarbonized Electrical Energy Systems, Onur Elma, Murat Kuzlu, Nasibeh Zohrabi

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

[Introduction] This research topic aims to highlight the current state-of-the art technologies in digitalized smart grids, including renewable energy and others with the Internet of Energy (IoE) under the decarbonized electrical energy systems. These approaches will increase the overall efficiency of electrical power systems, along with emerging technologies and applications in the current system. IoE covers all digitalization processes with mobility, electronic devices, and energy network as seen in Figure 1.

Coordinating Multi-Party Vehicle Routing With Location Congestion Via Iterative Best Response, Waldy Joe, Hoong Chuin Lau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This work is motivated by a real-world problem of coordinating B2B pickup-delivery operations to shopping malls involving multiple non-collaborative logistics service providers (LSPs) in a congested city where space is scarce. This problem can be categorized as a vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery, time windows and location congestion with multiple LSPs (or ML-VRPLC in short), and we propose a scalable, decentralized, coordinated planning approach via iterative best response. We formulate the problem as a strategic game where each LSP is a self-interested agent but is willing to participate in a coordinated planning as long as there are sufficient …

Are Ride-Hailing Services Safer Than Taxis? A Multivariate Spatial Approach With Accomodation Of Exposure Uncertainty, Guocong Zhai, Kun Xie, Hong Yang, Di Yang

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Despite many research efforts on ride-hailing services and taxis, limited studies have compared the safety performance of the two modes. A major challenge is the need for reliable mode-specific exposure data to model their safety outcomes. Moreover, crash frequencies of the two modes by injury severities tend to be spatially and inherently correlated. To fully address these issues, this study proposes a novel multivariate conditional autoregressive model considering measurement errors in mode-specific exposures (MVCARME). More specially, a classical measurement error structure is used to accommodate the uncertainty of mode-specific exposures estimated, and a multivariate spatial specification is adopted to capture …

Using The Best - Worst Scale To Assess The Relative Impact Of These Behaviors On Other Passengers On The Same Flight: The Disruptive Passenger Behavior, Quynh Thi Nhu Phan, Vi Tran, Nhan Huu Huynh, Thao Phuong Huynh, Duc Nhan Ho

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

A method called the best-worst scaling method is proposed to overcome these problems by asking respondents to make tradeoffs among the variables being assessed. This paper raises issues in respect of supplementing and developing a block of disruptive behaviors exhibited by passengers during flights and assesses the impact of these behaviors on other passengers. To illustrate the proposed method and evaluate its performance, we surveyed 240 passengers, and data from 203 survey samples were analyzed. The data analysis results revealed three behaviors that were considered the most disruptive, including (1) Threatening and causing distress, (2) Harassment and disrupting public order, …

Second Victim Syndrome And Organizational Support For Healthcare Providers: A Scoping Review, K R. Petryszyn, J P. Young, E R. Neil, J E. Benedict, L E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Healthcare providers may experience critical incident, medical error, or other adverse patient events in their clinical practice. Those that do encounter such events, may experience second victim syndrome (SVS), a condition in which providers feel psychological, cognitive, or physical reactions rendering care in these instances. Those with SVS may experience symptoms such as anxiety, depression, or burnout. Organizational support may mediate the impacts of SVS after an adverse patient event. We conducted a scoping review to explore and synthesize the literature on the support strategies implemented by healthcare organizations in the United States, for healthcare providers, after adverse patient …

Simulating The Impact Of Emissions Control On Economic Productivity Using Particle Systems And Puff Dispersion Model, Najam Khan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A simulation platform is developed for quantifying the change in productivity of an economy under passive and active emission control mechanisms. The program uses object-oriented programming to code a collection of objects resembling typical stakeholders in an economy. These objects include firms, markets, transportation hubs, and boids which are distributed over a 2D surface. Firms are connected using a modified Prim’s Minimum spanning tree algorithm, followed by implementation of an all-pair shortest path Floyd Warshall algorithm for navigation purposes. Firms use a non-linear production function for transformation of land, labor, and capital inputs to finished product. A GA-Vehicle Routing Problem …

Technical And Economic Feasibility Of A Microgrid For A Fire Station In Humboldt County, California., Nishaant Kumar Sinha

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Microgrids are emerging as a promising solution to unreliable grid energy. Today, California is not only witnessing grid resiliency challenges from natural disasters such as wildfires, earthquakes, floods and heatwaves, but it is also seeking to green the grid and bring more renewables online. For example, Humboldt County, where this project is focused, has recently experienced an earthquake of 6.4M (on December 22nd, 2022), which shut down the regional grid for ~20 hours.

Microgrid adoption enables critical facilities to operate seamlessly. The Humboldt Bay Fire Station (HBFS) No.1 is one such example, where first responders work to protect citizens against …

The Employees’ Perspective: Situational Leadership Style Flexibility And Effectiveness And Employee Performance In A Technological Organization, Merari Cortes

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Poor employee performance can have adverse effects on business outcomes. Business leaders are concerned with poor performance, which can minimize profitability and negatively impact business sustainability. Grounded in the Situational Leadership II® model, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between situational leadership style flexibility, effectiveness, and employee performance as perceived by employees, controlling for employee gender, job location, and tenure. A random sample of 99 technology company employees completed the Leader Behavior Analysis II®– Other and the Employee Job Performance measurement tools. Using hierarchical multilinear regression, employee gender, job location, and tenure were entered …

Hashes Are Not Suitable To Verify Fixity Of The Public Archived Web, Mohamed Aturban, Martin Klein, Herbert Van De Sompel, Sawood Alam, Michael L. Nelson, Michele C. Weigle

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Web archives, such as the Internet Archive, preserve the web and allow access to prior states of web pages. We implicitly trust their versions of archived pages, but as their role moves from preserving curios of the past to facilitating present day adjudication, we are concerned with verifying the fixity of archived web pages, or mementos, to ensure they have always remained unaltered. A widely used technique in digital preservation to verify the fixity of an archived resource is to periodically compute a cryptographic hash value on a resource and then compare it with a previous hash value. If the …

Airport Ground Access Choice Between Transportation Network Companies And Parking: A Case Study Of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Sen Wang, Yichen Zheng, Yi Gao

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The segment between home and airports is an essential component in all air transportation trips. Travelers normally have different ground access options to commence their journeys. Using Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport as a special case, this study proposes a theoretical framework for quantifying and comparing the overall cost of driving and parking at airport and the use of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) ridesharing services such as Uber. Based on the cost comparison, we design an interactive web application to visualize the utility advantage area and summarize the corresponding demographic information. Our study has the potential to benefit airports, TNC operators, …

Mwirgan: Unsupervised Visible-To Mwir Image Translation With Generative Adversarial Network, Mohammad Shahab Uddin, Chiman Kwan, Jiang Li

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Unsupervised image-to-image translation techniques have been used in many applications, including visible-to-Long-Wave Infrared (visible-to-LWIR) image translation, but very few papers have explored visible-to-Mid-Wave Infrared (visible-to-MWIR) image translation. In this paper, we investigated unsupervised visible-to-MWIR image translation using generative adversarial networks (GANs). We proposed a new model named MWIRGAN for visible-to-MWIR image translation in a fully unsupervised manner. We utilized a perceptual loss to leverage shape identification and location changes of the objects in the translation. The experimental results showed that MWIRGAN was capable of visible-to-MWIR image translation while preserving the object’s shape with proper enhancement in the translated images and …

Transfer Learning Using Infrared And Optical Full Motion Video Data For Gender Classification, Alexander M. Glandon, Joe Zalameda, Khan M. Iftekharuddin, Gabor F. Fulop (Ed.), David Z. Ting (Ed.), Lucy L. Zheng (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This work is a review and extension of our ongoing research in human recognition analysis using multimodality motion sensor data. We review our work on hand crafted feature engineering for motion capture skeleton (MoCap) data, from the Air Force Research Lab for human gender followed by depth scan based skeleton extraction using LIDAR data from the Army Night Vision Lab for person identification. We then build on these works to demonstrate a transfer learning sensor fusion approach for using the larger MoCap and smaller LIDAR data for gender classification.

Technology Adoption Of Computer-Aided Instruction In Healthcare: A Structured Review, Queenie Kate Cabanilla, Frevy Teofilo-Orencia, Rentor Cafino, Armando T. Isla Jr., Jehan Grace Maglaya, Xavier-Lewis Palmer, Lucas Potter, Dave E. Marcial, Lemuel Clark Velasco

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) is one of the interactive teaching methods that electronically presents instructional resources and enhances learner performance. In health settings, using CAI is one of the important ways to improve learners' knowledge and usefulness in their healthcare specialization yet there is still a lack of research that offers a comprehensive synthesis of investigating into the adoption of CAI in healthcare. This research aims to provide a comprehensive review of related literatures on the enablers and barriers for technology adoption of CAI in healthcare. 31 journals were analyzed and revealed that several studies were utilizing the Unified Theory of …

Implications Of Cyberbiosecurity In Advanced Agriculture, Simone Stephen, Keitavius Alexander, Lucas Potter, Xavier-Lewis Palmer

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The world is currently undergoing a rapid digital transformation sometimes referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. During this transformation, it is increasingly clear that many scientific fields are not prepared for this change. One specific area is agriculture. As the sector which creates global food supply, this critical infrastructure requires detailed assessment and research via newly developed technologies (Millett et al, 2019; Peccoud et al, 2018) . Despite its fundamental significance to modern civilization, many aspects of industrial agriculture have not yet adapted to the digital world. This is evident in the many vulnerabilities currently present within agricultural systems, …

Mitigating Anomalous Electricity Consumption In Smart Cities Using An Ai-Based Stacked-Generalization Technique, Arshid Ali, Laiq Khan, Nadeem Javaid, Safdar Hussain Bouk, Abdulaziz Aldegheishem, Nabil Alrahjeh

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Energy management and efficient asset utilization play an important role in the economic development of a country. The electricity produced at the power station faces two types of losses from the generation point to the end user. These losses are technical losses (TL) and non-technical losses (NTL). TLs occurs due to the use of inefficient equipment. While NTLs occur due to the anomalous consumption of electricity by the customers, which happens in many ways; energy theft being one of them. Energy theft majorly happens to cut down on the electricity bills. These losses in the smart grid (SG) are the …

Evaluation Of Left Shoulder As Part-Time Travel Lane Design Alternatives And Transportation Management Center Staff Training Module Development, Zhuohang Deng, Zhiliang Luo, Neil Hockaday, Ahmed Farid, Anurag Pande

Mineta Transportation Institute

Permanent capacity expansion, such as adding new lanes, is no longer a viable strategy to address traffic congestion in California; hence, ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) strategies, such as part-time use of the shoulder as a travel lane, need to be explored. The use of the shoulder as a travel lane during peak traffic hours has limited applications in the US, and most use the right shoulder as a part-time travel lane even though either the right or left shoulder (but not both) may be used. Caltrans District 5 is exploring the use of Left Shoulder as a Part-time Travel Lane …

A Diversity-Enhanced Memetic Algorithm For Solving Electric Vehicle Routing Problems With Time Windows And Mixed Backhauls, Jianhua Xiao, Jingguo Du, Zhiguang Cao, Xingyi Zhang, Yunyun Niu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) has been studied increasingly because of environmental concerns. However, existing studies on the EVRP mainly focus on time windows and sole linehaul customers, which might not be practical as backhaul customers are also ubiquitous in reality. In this study, we investigate an EVRP with time windows and mixed backhauls (EVRPTWMB), where both linehaul and backhaul customers exist and can be served in any order. To address this challenging problem, we propose a diversity-enhanced memetic algorithm (DEMA) that integrates three types of novel operators, including genetic operators based on adaptive selection mechanism, a selection operator …

The Effects Of The Preparation Factors On The Properties Of Co2 Capture Sorbent Derived From Local Waste Eggshell, Janjeera Chuanchob, Pornpote Piumsomboon, Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan, Saowaluck Chanchairoek

Applied Environmental Research

In this study, the CaO adsorbent was prepared by using local waste eggshell as a raw material. The influence of preparation parameters including calcination temperature, calcination time and particle size of eggshell powder on the adsorption surface area were investigated. By means of statistically experiment design, the interesting parameters were investigated by a full 23 factorial design. The prepared sorbent material was characterized by X–ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET). The results showed the particle size of eggshell powder greatly affected the BET surface area. By applying the prepared condition of 149 μm in particle …

Evaluation Of E-Waste Generation Through G-Pestle Analysis In The City Of Zamboanga, Philippines: Basis For Management Strategies, Mary Ann Beth L. Kong, Edwin R. De Los Reyes, Francis Dave C. Siacor

Applied Environmental Research

Due to a growth in the production of electronic waste (e-waste), the Philippines, particularly Zamboanga City, a top-tier, highly urbanized city on the Zamboanga Peninsula, is coping with an e-waste problem. Understanding the outside forces influencing e-waste management is necessary for creating effective strategies. With the help of a G-PESTLE analysis (geographical, political, economic, social, technical, legal, and environmental) and recommendations for improvement, this study assessed the city's existing e-waste management situation. The study looks at possibilities and problems, then offers management tactics based on the results. The study employed a hybrid methodology. Using the G-PESTLE analysis framework, the external …

Phosphorus Speciation And Heavy Metal Levels In Ogun River Sediments At Different Anthropogenic Locations In Abeokuta, Ogun State, Olayinka Oluwafunmilayo Olasunbo, Opatoyinbo Oluwabamise Esther, Olujimi Olarenwaju Olusoji, Azeez Jamiu Oladipupo, Oyebanji Adedayo Olamide

Applied Environmental Research

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for phytoplankton growth in water bodies and an important element in biochemical processes. Also, excessive P in river causes eutrophication which endangers aquatic organisms while sediment acts as sink for inorganic and organic pollutants and nutrients. To assess the availability of P and heavy metals (HMs) in Ogun River, surface sediment samples were collected at twelve anthropogenic sites for three months. The surface sediment samples were sequentially extracted to determine five phosphorus fractions [loosely-sorbed P (LS-P), iron-bound P (Fe-P), authigenic apatite, biogenic apatite and CaCO3-bound P (CFA-P), detrital apatite (Det-P) and other inorganic P …

Removal Of Diclofenac In Wastewater By Activated Sludge In Batch And Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor Experiments, Keletso Chakalisa, Piriyakorn Injai, Kullapa Chanawanno, Panaya Kotchaplai, Pumis Thuptimdang

Applied Environmental Research

This study aimed to determine the diclofenac removal in wastewater by sludge taken from an operating wastewater treatment facility. Laboratory experiments were conducted in two parts: batch and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) experiments. Results from batch experiments showed that 0.1–2 mg L-1 of diclofenac could be removed more than 80% within 72 h, and the removal efficiency reduced to less than 60% for higher concentrations. The increase in the removal rate from 0.00058 to 0.16527 mg L-1 h-1 was observed when the initial diclofenac concentration increased from 0.1 to 10 mg L-1, respectively. The average first-order rate constants of 24-h …

The Role Of Bacteria And Factors Affecting The Decomposition Of Pollutants In The Biofilter Reactor: A Review, Muliyadi Muliyadi, Purwanto Purwanto, Sri Sumiyati, Sudarno Sudarno, Budiyono Budiyono, Budi Warsito, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto

Applied Environmental Research

The findings showed that several types of bacteria can help biodegrade organic pollutants, such as Comamonadacea, which can biodegrade volatile fatty acids and aromatic compounds. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria can biodegrade ammonium. Burkholderiales can biodegrade ferric ions and hydrogen. Comamonas testosteroni is able to biodegrade nitrates. Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Acinetobacter guillouiae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae can reduce copper, chromium and zinc levels. Azolla biomass reduces strontium. Rhodospirillum sp. can biodegrade cadmium, mercury, lead, and nickel. Gallionella ferruginea and Leptothrix sp. can biodegrade arsenic and manganese. Gracilaria sp. can biodegrade aluminum, chromium, and zinc. Desulfovibrio sp. can …

An Unmanned Aircraft System For Marking Live Power Lines To Prevent Bird Collisions, Mattheuns D. Pretorius, Lourens Leeuwner, Kaajial Durgapersad, Constant Hoogstad, Peter Beckedahl, Michael D. Michael, Kishaylin Chetty

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Collisions with overhead power lines represent a significant cause of mortality for a number of large bird species worldwide. Certain threatened species are severely impacted by power line collisions, particularly those for which there are no other known significant threats. In South Africa, bird collisions with overhead power line cables, including collisions with phase conductors and shield wires, contribute significantly to annual threatened bird species mortalities associated with Eskom power lines. The most practical mitigation measure is to attach bird anti-collision devices as markers on the cables. Current marking methods involve installations by hand, where linemen are hoisted up to …

Directional Speaker Poster, Eugene Ng, Bryan Wong, Ruhaan Das

Student Works

Changi Airport is set to expand with a new terminal, Terminal 5. Currently, many of the airport's processes are manual, requiring a high dependence on staff. This proposal aims to incorporate automation and AI for a smoother passenger experience.

Integrated Dynamic Airline Route And Schedule Optimization, Bayan Begaliyeva

Student Works

By harnessing real-time and historical data in conjunction with advanced AI technologies, this project revolutionizes route and schedule planning, leading to enhanced efficiency, cost reduction, and an improved passenger experience.

Flying Blind: Exploring The Visual Cues Used By Helicopter Pilots In Degraded Visual Environments, Brandon Dreslin, Molly C. Mersinger, Shivani Patel, Alex Chaparro

Publications

Helicopter pilots rely on visual cues from the environment and instrument displays during critical phases of flight – particularly final approach and landing – to safely land. However, the specific visual cues pilots rely on and how they integrate those cues to make anticipatory inceptor inputs or corrections are not well understood. Importantly, those cues may be degraded under nighttime and brownout/whiteout conditions where the downwash of a helicopter’s rotors cause loose dirt/snow to be projected into the air, resulting in the obfuscation of the pilot’s vision outside the aircraft. The lack of visual cues in these conditions means that …

A Framework For Assessing Environmental Incidents In Coastal Areas: A Case Study In The Southeastern Coastal Area Of Vietnam, Cuong Le Tan, Phuoc Nguyen Van, Quan Nguyen Hong, Loan Tran Thi Diem, Minh Tran Thanh

Applied Environmental Research

As developing dynamic regions, coastal areas have a high potential for environmental incidents, especially chemical spills, which may permanently threaten livelihoods and coastal ecosystems. Establishing an appropriate methodological framework for assessing environmental incidents in coastal areas, ensuring increased predictability and minimising potential consequences is a trend of interest to scientists. In this study, the environmental risk assessment model was applied to develop a framework for assessing environmental incidents in coastal areas due to chemical spills from the mainland based on hazard, exposure and vulnerability factors (i.e., sensitivity and adaptability). Using the multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) method approach, suitable criteria, their …