Engineering Commons^™

Safety Evaluation Of Hawaii Dot Modified Type A-1 Flared Buried In Backslope Guardrail End Terminal, Sina Changizian

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) desired to evaluate the crashworthiness of a guardrail end terminal design in which the upstream guardrail anchorage was connected to a block partially buried in a cut slope, known as a “Buried in Backslope” or BIB design. The HDOT BIB system used an upper W-beam with 8-in. deep blockouts attached to W6x9 steel posts and a lower W-beam rubrail located 3 in. below the upper rail. The system used two horizontal flares: 7.4:1 near the upstream anchor block and a 13:1 flare through the ditch.

Critical impact points (CIPs) were identified and recommended for …

Editorial: Emerging On-Demand Passenger And Logistics Systems: Modelling, Optimization, And Data Analytics, Jintao Ke, Hai Wang, Neda Masoud, Maximilian Schiffer, Goncalo H. A. Correia

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The proliferation of smart personal devices and mobile internet access has fueled numerous advancements in on-demand transportation services. These services are facilitated by online digital platforms and range from providing rides to delivering products. Their influence is transforming transportation systems and leaving a mark on changing individual mobility, activity patterns, and consumption behaviors. For instance, on-demand transportation companies such as Uber, Lyft, Grab, and DiDi have become increasingly vital for meeting urban transportation needs by connecting available drivers with passengers in real time. The recent surge in door-to-door food delivery (e.g., Uber Eats, DoorDash, Meituan); grocery delivery (e.g., Amazon Fresh, …

The Relationship Between Horsepower & Fuel Efficiency, Ben Boland, Samuel Schreyer

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

As Environmental Protection Agency fuel economy standards are becoming increasingly stringent, automakers across the world are looking to increase miles per gallon without sacrificing vehicle performance. One of the most important metrics of vehicle performance is horsepower. This study uses regression analysis to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between horsepower and miles per gallon.

03.25.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

Cammi Thornton, Compliance Training Requirements

Development Demand, Power Energy Consumption And Green And Low-Carbon Transition For Computing Power In China, Xiaohong Chen, Liaoying Cao, Jiaolong Chen, Jinghui Zhang, Wenzhi Cao, Yangjie Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As a critical digital infrastructure, computing power has become the core productivity and a new engine driving economic growth in the digital economy. Nevertheless, the power-hungry nature of computing/data centers, representing the computing infrastructure, consumes a significant amount of electrical energy. Currently, China’s economy is transitioning from high-speed growth to high-quality development. It is imperative to study how to coordinate the development of computing power while ensuring its safety and achieving green and low-carbon goals. Based on an overview of the current status of computing power development, this study predicts the future demand for computing power in China, analyzes the …

Study On R&D Strategies In Nanoscale Science And Technology Of Powerhouses And Insights, Wenyue Bian, Xingjie Liang, Chunlei Ge, Zhongyang Hui, Xiaoqi Jia, Si Liu, Jing Ye, Xiaoyi Chen, Wenjun Wang, Huajun Ju

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Nanoscale science and technology (nano S&T) are at the frontier of global strategic high-tech competition. After examining nearly 160 strategy and planning documents released by scientific and technological powerhouses from 2000 to 2023, the study finds ten common approaches adopted by the powerhouses to advance nano S&T as follows. (1) Recognizing nano S&T as a key area for the economy and global competition. (2) Establishing cross-department organizations to meet the cross-disciplinary nature of nano S&T. (3) Developing strategic plans to guide the development of nano S&T and implementing major programs with significant investment. (4) Establishing multidisciplinary nano S&T research centers …

Searching Govinfo.Gov/, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

This U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO) database provides access to information legal, legislative, and regulatory information produced on multiple subjects by the U.S. Government. Content includes congressional bills, congressional committee hearings and prints (studies), reports on legislation, the text of laws, regulations, and executive orders and multiple U.S. Government information resources covering subjects from accounting to zoology.

03.18.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

SPAN and ARC form training, Nature Masterclasses, Glisto Rice, Useful Links

03.11.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

PAPPG Updates, J. R. Love, William Magee Institute grant

Nonprofit Leader Experiences In Sector-Bending After Lean Six Sigma Training: Tension, Concepts, And Changed Behaviors, Beverly Codallos

Dissertations

Government, business, and nonprofit represent three distinct types of organizations governed by different legal frameworks designed to facilitate collective action (DiMaggio & Anheier, 1990). The emergence of hybrid forms and increasing isomorphic pressures in the nonprofit sector (Bromley & Meyer, 2017; McCambridge, 2014) have challenged the traditional separation of organizational forms. This study explored the phenomenon popularized as sector-bending, “a wide variety of approaches, activities, and relationships that are blurring the distinctions between nonprofit and for-profit organizations, either because they are behaving more similarly, operating in the same realms, or both” (Dees & Anderson, 2003, pg. 16). This qualitative study …

Evaluating The Environmental Impacts Of U.S. Historical Oil Spill Incidents, Yiming Liu, Hua Cai

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

Exposure to risks associated with the production and usage of products, particularly oil, poses significant threats to both ecological systems and human health. Notable examples include the Gulf War Oil Spill (1991) and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (2010). However, numerous smaller-scale oil spills, which collectively contribute to substantial oil releases, often remain overlooked. To fill this gap, our study first developed a detailed oil spill incidents database, covering 1967 to 2023. We quantified the released amount (RA) of oil spills recorded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Subsequently, we utilized life cycle impact indicators in ReCiPe to …

Sustainable Water Treatment Systems In The La Vega Region Of The Dominican Republic, Hannah Fulton, Justina Thomae, Jorge Del Angel, Ramin Ansari, Karina Peate, Rylan Elliott, Adam Spieth, Thalia May, Morgan Jung, Ernest R. Blatchley Iii, Rebecca C. Johnson

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

Purdue University's service-learning course, Water Supply in Developing Countries (WSDC) is dedicated to ensuring access to safe drinking water in the La Vega region of the Dominican Republic. The focus in the current academic year is to enhance the functionality, sustainability, and independence of community-based water treatment systems installed by previous WSDC students. Despite the construction of four water systems since 2012, operational challenges ensued, rendering them currently inoperable. Our objective is to learn from past mistakes, restore the systems and ensure their continuous functionality. During the fall semester, class members assessed repair needs in two communities with existing systems, …

Predicting The Water Situation In Jordan Using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (Arima) Model, Shahed Al-Khateeb

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

Countries' water security is inextricably related to their economic position. Jordan is one of the world's five poorest countries regarding water resources. Climate change and water scarcity are threatening Jordan's economic growth and food security.

The objectives of the study are to use a statistical artificial intelligence model, which is called the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model to predict water productivity in Jordan and the world for the year 2021-2026, based on a real dataset from World Development Indicators from the World Bank. The study also aims to predict the total per capita share of fresh water based on the …

Performance Analysis Of Mobile Edge Computing Deployment Models In 5g Networks, Safaa Alali, Abdulkaim Assalem

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

5G networks and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) are two main pillars of the next technological revolution. The first pillar provides ultra-reliable, high-bandwidth connectivity with ultra-low latency, while the second pillar gives mobile networks cloud computing capabilities at the edge of the network, enabling compute-dense, context-aware services for mobile users. So the next generation of mobile networks will see close integration between computing and communication. Therefore, it was necessary to study the different deployment options for edge hosts in 5G network, to know the effect of those options on the overall performance of the network. In this research, (Omnetpp 6.0) network …

Requirements For Employing Artificial Intelligence Applications In Higher Education And Its Challenges, Nuha Musa Otoom

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The study aimed to determine the requirements for applications of artificial intelligence in the field of higher education, and its challenges. The descriptive survey method (content analysis) was used, where the researcher collected information and documents about artificial intelligence and the requirements for employing its applications and challenges, by referring to many reliable sources and references that contributed to Reaching the results that the research seeks to achieve, The results showed that there are a set of requirements for employing artificial intelligence applications in higher education, the most prominent of which is spreading a culture that supports artificial intelligence in …

Western Science And Eastern Zen To Seek The Origin Of Truth: Philosophical Background Of Scale Modeling, Kozo Saito

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

This article was written to introduce philosophical background of scale modeling, where Zen philosophy was applied to overcome the limitation of logical thinking and hypotheses-driven deductive science. Three specific reasons are as follows. The first is related to the law approach in scale modeling; it uses the kufu principle, originated in Zen Buddhism, together with the other three scientific methods: experimental, theoretical, and computational. The second reason is because scale modeling seeks relativistic understanding by attempting to realize similarity; the concept is closer to Eastern philosophy rather than absolute understanding cultivated by deductive science. The third is in the educational …

03.04.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

ORSP On-demand Training for PIs, Liz Williamson spotlight, Grant for Studying Clean Energy Production Awarded, NIH Simplified Peer Review Framework.

How Can Generative Ai (Genai) Enhance Or Hinder Qualitative Studies? A Critical Appraisal From South Asia, Nepal, Niroj Dahal

The Qualitative Report

Qualitative researchers can benefit from using generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), such as different versions of ChatGPT—GPT-3.5 or GPT-4, Google Bard—now renamed as a Gemini, and Bing Chat—now renamed as a Copilot, in their studies. The scientific community has used artificial intelligence (AI) tools in various ways. However, using GenAI has generated concerns regarding potential research unreliability, bias, and unethical outcomes in GenAI-generated research results. Considering these concerns, the purpose of this commentary is to review the current use of GenAI in qualitative research, including its strengths, limitations, and ethical dilemmas from the perspective of critical appraisal from South Asia, Nepal. …

The Santa Clara, 2024-03-01, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Artificial Intelligence And Perception: An Empirical Study, Anthony J. Neil

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates the impact of adjusting artificial intelligence explainability levels’ outputs on user perception. The overarching study extends within the Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) domain. It examines a spectrum of variables, including performance, cognizance, familiarity, transparency, system bias, and the overall impact of AI, to understand their collective and individual effects that enable effective professional use in an organization. The study aims to illuminate the relationship between the degree of explainability provided by large language models such as ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing AI and the performance of these models when tasked with XAI adjustments.

Biobesoothe, Noah M. Taylor, Jillian Trilevsky, Sam Rosenkranz

Biomedical Engineering

This document details the background, design process, and functional prototype for the BioBesoothe senior project. The project aimed to address difficulties with self-regulation in children with autism. It focused on encouraging even, slow breathing to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which in turn lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and stress levels. The project was guided by research into ways to achieve an appropriate breathing rate. In addition to functionality, emphasis was placed on engagement, ergonomics, and affordability. It was highly important for this product to be engaging to hold the interest of its patients and allow for extended periods of …

Designing Explainable Ai To Improve Human-Ai Team Performance: A Medical Stakeholder-Driven Scoping Review, Harishankar V. Subramanian, Casey I. Canfield, Daniel Burton Shank

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The rise of complex AI systems in healthcare and other sectors has led to a growing area of research called Explainable AI (XAI) designed to increase transparency. In this area, quantitative and qualitative studies focus on improving user trust and task performance by providing system- and prediction-level XAI features. We analyze stakeholder engagement events (interviews and workshops) on the use of AI for kidney transplantation. From this we identify themes which we use to frame a scoping literature review on current XAI features. The stakeholder engagement process lasted over nine months covering three stakeholder group's workflows, determining where AI could …

Infrared Investigation In Singapore (Iris) Observatory: Urban Heat Island Contributors And Mitigators Analysis Using Neighborhood-Scale Thermal Imaging, Clayton Miller, Vasantha Ramani, Clayton Miller

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This paper studies heat fluxes from contributors and mitigators of urban heat islands using thermal images and weather data. Thermal images were collected by a rooftop observatory between November 2021 and April 2022. Over the same period, weather stations were operating at several locations on a university campus in Singapore. From collected data, a method was defined to estimate sensible and latent heat fluxes from building façades, vegetation, and traffic. Before analyzing heat fluxes using the method, thermal images were calibrated against measurements made with contact surface sensors. Results show that the method can be used to study heat fluxes …

Can Neural Networks Reach Human Vision Levels On Object Recognition Tasks?, Luke D. Baumel, Mikayla Cutler, Matt Hyatt, Joseph Tocco, William Friebel, Nicholas Baker Dr., George K. Thiruvathukal Dr.

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Object recognition is a crucial function of biological vision; it allows us to draw conclusions about a visual scene that transcends the image formed by the retina. However, the task of object recognition quickly becomes a challenge when hindrances such as viewing angle, object distance from observer, illuminant qualities, and potential occlusions become active variables. Additionally, the diversity of visual features within the same category of object, coupled with the numerous contexts in which an object may be observed is demonstrative of the formidable task that is object recognition. Previous research showed a significant texture bias in Convolutional Neural Networks’ …

Multiobjective Stochastic Optimization: A Case Of Real-Time Matching In Ride-Sourcing Markets, Guodong Lyu, Wang Chi Cheung, Chung-Piaw Teo, Hai Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Problem Definition: The job of any marketplace is to facilitate the matching of supply with demand in real-time. Success is often measured using various metrics. The challenge is to design matching algorithms to balance the trade-offs among multiple objectives in a stochastic environment, to arrive at a “compromise” solution, which minimizes say the ℓp-norm-based distance function (for some 1 ≤p ≤∞) between the attained performance metrics and the target performances.Methodology/Results: We observe that the sample-average-approximation formulation of this multi-objective stochastic optimization problem can be solved by an online algorithm that uses only gradient information from “historical” (i.e., past) sample information, …

T-Pickseer: Visual Analysis Of Taxi Pick-Up Point Selection Behavior, Shuxian Gu, Yemo Dai, Zezheng Feng, Yong Wang, Haipeng Zeng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Taxi drivers often take much time to navigate the streets to look for passengers, which leads to high vacancy rates and wasted resources. Empty taxi cruising remains a big concern for taxi companies. Analyzing the pick-up point selection behavior can solve this problem effectively, providing suggestions for taxi management and dispatch. Many studies have been devoted to analyzing and recommending hotspot regions of pick-up points, which can make it easier for drivers to pick-up passengers. However, the selection of pick-up points is complex and affected by multiple factors, such as convenience and traffic management. Most existing approaches cannot produce satisfactory …

Steminism: Analyzing Factors That Improve Retention Of Women In Stem, Kira Carter, Jane Kelley, Jason Vasser-Elong, Rc Patterson

Dissertations

Our co-authored research ‘Steminism: Analyzing Factors That Improve Retention for Women as STEM Majors’ analyzed factors that contributed to the retention of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs at Missouri University of Science & Technology (Missouri S&T). Women make up half of the US population, and while careers in (STEM) are an integral part of the US economy, women are underrepresented in these career fields. The purpose of our dissertation is to address the underrepresentation of women in STEM majors. Our methodology included homogeneous sampling to collect qualitative data. More specifically, we consulted with academic advisors and …

Analysis And Recommendations For Energy Conservation And Carbon Emission Reduction In Industry Boosted By Digital Energy Management Systems, Duanyang Geng, Tong Xu, Qinghua Zhu, Steve Evans

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Energy consumption during production processes in the industry is a main source of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, for China’s dual-carbon goals, industrial enterprises need to focus on reducing energy waste to achieve energy-efficient production, thereby effectively reducing carbon emissions in industrial production. In recent years, with the continuous development and popularization of digital technology, digital energy management systems have played a crucial role in energy saving by visualizing invisible energy in the industry. In this context, this study first analyses the current status of digital energy management system applications in the UK, the US, Germany, and Sweden, summarizes their characteristics …

Key Elements, Mechanism Analysis And Evaluation Indicators Of Digital And Intelligent Integration Transformation And Development Of Manufacturing Industry, Xiaoqiang Sun, Xiuyun Gao, Yumei Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The digital and intelligent integration transformation of manufacturing industry has become an important driving force for the high-quality development of traditional manufacturing enterprises. This study clarifies the main research context and key issues of scholars on the digital and intelligent integration transformation of manufacturing industry, refines the goals, main elements, and influencing factors of digital and intelligent integration transformation of manufacturing industry, builds a power network model for the transformation and development of digital and intelligent integration of manufacturing industry according to the system feedback principle of system dynamics, analyzes the mechanism of action between various elements of the system, …

Electric Vehicles Contribute To China's Energy Security And Carbon Peaking And Carbon Neutrality, Jianfeng Guo, Xuemei Zhang, Qi Cao, Fu Gu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The current international situation is complicated and unstable, and China is in the midst of an important economic transition as it deals with the twin concerns of energy security and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (referred to as dual carbon goals). Although the dual carbon goals aim a strong emphasis on energy security, certain emission reduction strategies will place restrictions on energy security that is directly connected, such as energy supply and grid load, making it challenging to simultaneously fulfill the optimization goal. China now has the task of figuring out how to rationalize and optimize the coordinated promotion of …