Engineering Commons^™

Mechanical Performance Of Woven Carbon Reinforced Epoxy Composites With Varied Orientation Angle, Sweety Ashish Agrawal, Someshwar Bhattacharya

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The mechanical properties of woven carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites laminated with different orientation angle in stacking sequence were investigated. Woven fabric layers with different linear density carbon tow have been produced on modified rigid rapier sample loom and impregnated with epoxy by hand lay-up technique for composite preparation. Curing of composite was carried out at room temperature for 2 h. Five different laminar composites were prepared with different orientation angles [(0/0/0/0), 0/+30/-30/0, 0/+45/-45/0, 0/+60/-60/0 and 0/+90/-90/0]. The mechanical properties like tensile, flexural, and impact test) were analysed in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Physical properties such as density and …

Investigation Of Optimum Parameters For Rotary Friction Welding Of Aluminum Round Bars Using Three-Level Factorial Design Methodology, Tanakorn Jantarasricha, Siridech Kunhirunbawon, Montri Wimol

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The welding process has been essential to increasing productivity in numerous industries across Thailand. There are several welding processes to choose from, and the welding process to use will be determined by the suitability of the production in that industry. Another important consideration in welding is to keep the mechanical properties of the joint area as close to the parent material workpiece as possible. This research aims to select the optimum parameter for rotary friction welding aluminum round bar AA6063-T5. That is according to the DIN 50125 type B standard test. The optimal condition consists of welding rotational speed, welding …

Synthesis And Optical Properties Of Forsterite Ceramic Pigments Using Mirror Wastes As A Flux, Niti Yongvanich, Natchaya Lithira, Nitchakarn Nuniead, Wanchalerm Chauyarsa

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Cobalt-doped forsterite ceramic pigments based on the formula (Mg2-2xCo2x)SiO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) were synthesized using mirror wastes as a flux. Addition of this flux enhanced forsterite phase formation at lower temperature by as much as 200℃. The resulting pigment particles were in a micron range which is suitable for use in a ceramic glaze. The host structure (Mg2SiO4) could accommodate cobalt cations up to 20 at%. Investigation on the chemical distribution revealed that no chemical species from the flux reacted with pigment grains. Optical properties were examined by UV-vis spectroscopy and colorimetry. Technical performance of the obtained …

Deformation Manifold Learning Model For Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Shashank S. Pathrudkar

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Two-Dimensional (2D) materials are being studied widely by researchers due to their superior material properties over the bulk materials. Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, graphene has gained popularity amongst the 2D materials community. Graphene when rolled into sheets form Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) which possess excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Concentric stacks of CNTs yield Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) which are superior to CNTs in certain aspects. It has been well established that the deformation of CNTs and MWCNTs change their mechanical and electrical properties significantly. This has opened doors for CNTs into numerous applications and also piqued the …

Thermal And Mechanical Properties Of Novel Carbide Materials, Evan Charles Schwind

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research focuses on studying the thermal and mechanical properties of novel carbide materials at room and elevated temperatures. The novel carbide materials investigated include zeta phase tantalum carbide (ζ-Ta₄C_3-x) and a high entropy (Ta,Hf,Nb,Zr)C carbide. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of zeta phase tantalum carbide (~96 wt.%) were measured as 160 ± 4.2 μΩ-cm and 9.6 W/m•K. These are higher and lower (respectively) than for cubic tantalum carbide, most likely due to planes of carbon vacancies present in the ζ-Ta₄C_3-x crystal structure. The thermal conductivity of (Ta,Hf,Nb,Zr)C was lower than any …

Thermophysical Properties Of Nominally Phase Pure Boride Ceramics, Austin D. Stanfield

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research focusses on the thermophysical properties of nominally phase pure boride ceramics. As interest in ultra high temperature ceramics increases due to a renewed interest in hypersonic flight vehicles and with the expanding materials design space accompanying interest in high entropy materials, it is imperative to understand the intrinsic properties of boride ceramics. By reducing Hf content in ZrB₂ from the natural abundance, ~1.75 at% in this case, to ~100 ppm, thermal conductivity increased from 88 W/m·K to 141 W/m·K. Removal of Hf allowed the thermal conductivity of ZrB₂ with small transition metal solute additions to be …

Mechanical Activation And Cation Site Disorder Of Spinel-Based Ceramics, Cole A. Corlett

Masters Theses

"This research focuses on the processing and the effects that has on the cation disorder of magnesium-aluminate spinel based (MgAl₂O₄) ceramics. The first goal of this project was to determine the effects of high-energy milling, i.e., mechanical activation, on cation disorder (inversion) within the spinel structure. First, 1:1 molar ratios of MgO:Al₂O₃ ceramics were processed using two green processing methods, ball milling (XD) and SPEX milling (mechanical activation, MA) followed by a subsequent annealing treatment in air to form a single spinel phase in each powder sample. Neutron diffraction analysis was employed to …

Toward Understanding Commercial Additives For Zincate Electrogalvanizing, Margaret Scott

Masters Theses

"Cyanide zinc electrogalvanizing has been used for many years to produce high quality and uniform zinc coatings. Due to toxicity concerns, a significant amount of research has occurred to remove the use of cyanide while still producing a similar deposit. One of the resulting plating chemistries is the alkaline zincate bath.

Alkaline zincate plating has the advantages of low startup cost, low toxicity, and low corrosion rate. Despite these advantages, alkaline bath conditions do not produce acceptable zinc deposits without the use of plating additives, which can promote lustrous, smooth deposits. This research aims to: (1) generate fundamental electrochemical data …

Novel Design And Facile Synthesis Of Functional Nanostructures For Energy And Environmental Application, Zhuojun Wang

Wayne State University Theses

Environmental pollution and energy crisis are two of the major obstacles in the development of a more sustainable society. It is an interesting but technically challenging task to design novel methods for the facile and scalable synthesis of multifunctional materials for applications in both energy storage and environmental remediation. In this thesis, I tried to design and synthesize novel nanostructured materials for energy and environmental applications, achieved highly promising results. I developed a facile electrochemical approach to synthesize the zinc oxide with the zinc element for photocatalytic reactions. It demonstrated dramatically improved performances in degradation of organic pollutant in water, …

Uv-Ozone Oxide Treatments For High-Efficiency Silicon Photovoltaic Devices, Munan Gao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Fabrication of solar cells with higher efficiency, simpler processes and lower cost is largely perceived as the ultimate goal for photovoltaic research. To reach such a goal each step needs to be refined and optimized. In this dissertation, a UV-ozone treatment is proposed as a simple and versatile process that can be applied to multiple fabrication steps for improvement. The UV-ozone cleaning method provides comparable surface cleaning quality to more expensive and hazardous industrial standard RCA clean with less chemical used. A good passivation quality was achieved on both n-type and p-type silicon wafer by a silicon oxide/aluminum oxide passivation …

Microstructural Development Of Inconel 625 Nickel-Based Superalloy As Function Of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Parameters, Sofia Nucci

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) allows fabrication of complex components with features that are impractical or impossible to achieve through conventional methods. Selective laser melting (SLM) powder bed fusion AM technology was selected for this study on Inconel 625, a widely utilized high-temperature alloy that is hard to machine. The present work investigates impact of laser power and scanning speed variations on the resulting characteristics of fabricated IN625 samples. Gas atomized metallic alloy powders were acquired and analyzed through laser diffraction to verify acceptable size distribution. Cubic samples were built with a range of laser scan speeds in 200 mm/s intervals for …

Effect Of Random Pinning On Nonlinear Dynamics And Dissipation Of A Vortex Driven By A Strong Microwave Current, W.P.M.R. Pathirana, Alex Gurevich

Physics Faculty Publications

We report numerical simulations of a trapped elastic vortex driven by a strong ac magnetic field H(t)=Hsinωt parallel to the surface of a superconducting film. The surface resistance and the power dissipated by an oscillating vortex perpendicular to the film surface were calculated as functions of H and ω for different spatial distributions, densities, and strengths of pinning centers, including bulk pinning, surface pinning, and cluster pinning. Our simulations were performed for both the Bardeen-Stephen viscous vortex drag and the Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) drag coefficient η(v) decreasing with the vortex velocity v. The local residual surface resistance R_i(H) …

Investigation Of Cation Exchange Behaviors Of FaXMa1-XPbl3 Films Using Dynamic Spin Coating, Hyang Mi Yu, Byeong Geun Jeong, Dae Young Park, Seong Chu Lim, Gon Namkoong, Mun Seok Jeong

Applied Research Center Publications

In this study, we fabricated and characterized uniform multi-cation perovskite FA_xMA_1−xPbI₃ films. We used the dynamic spin-coating method to control the cation ratio of the film by gradually increasing the FA+, which replaced the MA+ in the films. When the FA+ concentration was lower than xFA ~0.415 in the films, the stability of the multi-cation perovskite improved. Above this concentration, the film exhibited δ-phase FAPbI₃ in the FA_xMA_1−xPbI₃ films. The formation of δ-phase FAPbI₃ disturbed the homogeneity of the photoluminescence spatial distribution and suppressed the absorption spectral bandwidth …

Applied Machine Learning In Extrusion-Based Bioprinting, Shuyu Tian

Theses and Dissertations

Optimization of extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) parameters have been systematically conducted through experimentation. However, the process is time and resource-intensive and not easily translatable across different laboratories. A machine learning (ML) approach to EBB parameter optimization can accelerate this process for laboratories across the field through training using data collected from published literature. In this work, regression-based and classification-based ML models were investigated for their abilities to predict printing outcomes of cell viability and filament diameter for cell-containing alginate and gelatin composite hydrogels. Regression-based models were investigated for their ability to predict suitable extrusion pressure given desired cell viability when keeping …

Advance Metallic Reinforcement Of Vat Photo Polymerized Parts, Scott Zinn

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The metallization or metallic reinforcement of polymer parts has been widely used in industry for several decades. Polymer parts are classically metalized for aesthetics, chemical and thermal resistance, electrical conductivity, and mechanical strength. Metallization has been shown to increase strength of polymer parts when compared to the strength of the bulk material without metallization. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques that have emerged in the last few decades produce parts with different surface features and chemistry than the typical polymer part produced through injection molding. AM parts are typically weaker than traditionally manufactured parts from the same material due to intrinsic details …

A Kinetic Evaluation For Phenothiazine Base Copolymers, Fatih Dogan

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In here, the non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of co-polymers-based phenothiazine was present-ed. For this, firstly, 3, 7-di-2-thienyl-10H-phenothiazine (TF) was prepared via an optimized Suzu-ki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. After monomer (TF) characterization, the copolymerization re-actions with EDOT and thiophene were performed by the electrochemical technique. The molecular masses of the co-polymers were found by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. Thermal characterizations of the resulting polymers were conducted by thermogravimetric analyses. The thermal decomposition kinetics of the resulting polymers was also performed. For this, the kinetic methods (Tang, FWO, KAS, Kissinger, and Friedman) based on the multiple heating rates were used. Several kinetic parameters …

Dual-Functional Phosphorene Nanocomposite Membranes For The Treatment Of Perfluorinated Water: An Investigation Of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Removal Via Filtration Combined With Ultraviolet Irradiation Or Oxygenation, Joyner Eke, Lillian Banks, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Andrew J. Morris, Olga V. Tsyusko, Isabel C. Escobar

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Nanomaterials with tunable properties show promise because of their size-dependent electronic structure and controllable physical properties. The purpose of this research was to develop and validate environmentally safe nanomaterial-based approach for treatment of drinking water including removal and degradation of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals (PFAS). PFAS are surfactant chemicals with broad uses that are now recognized as contaminants with a significant risk to human health. They are commonly used in household and industrial products. They are extremely persistent in the environment because they possess both hydrophobic fluorine-saturated carbon chains and hydrophilic functional groups, along with being oleophobic. Traditional drinking water …

Data-Driven Discovery Of Material States In Composites Under Fatigue Loads, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)-Archive

Our community has a widespread knowledge on the damage tolerance and durability of the composites, developed over the past few decades by various experimental and computational efforts. Several methods have been used to understand the damage behavior and henceforth predict the material states such as residual strength (damage tolerance) and life (durability) of these material systems. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BbDS) are such methods, which have been proven to identify the damage states in composites. Our previous work using BbDS method has proven to serve as precursor to identify the damage levels, indicating the beginning of …

Ordinary Differential Equations With Machine Learning For Prediction Of Smart Composite Fracture Toughness, Relebohile George Qhobosheane, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Kenneth Reifsnider, Rassel Raihan

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)-Archive

This work in on the development of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model coupled with statistical methods for the prediction of fracture toughness of a magnetostrictive, piezoelectric smart self-sensing Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite. The smart composite with sensing properties encompasses Terfenol-D alloy nanoparticles and Single Walled Carbon NanoTubes (SWCNT). To explore various configurations the of nanoparticle constituents’ effect on fracture toughness within the FRP composite, the ODE model developed within a finite element analysis (FEA) environment is considered to attain fracture observations across the solution space. The acquired FEA data is then used to feed the machine-learning (ML) algorithms …

Effects Of Surface Characteristics On Mechanical And Dielectric Properties Of Adhesively Bonded Carbon Fiber Composites, Minhazur Rahman, Gayathri Kola, Monjur Morshed Rabby, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Relebohile George Qhobosheane, Vamsee Vadlamudi

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)-Archive

The rapid rise of fiber reinforced composite usage in aircraft, spacecraft and automobile industries made the proper comprehension of repair and joining of these materials a crucial aspect. Adhesive bonding is one of the most advantageous and desirable joining and repair technique for fiber reinforced composites. However, the heterogeneity of fiber reinforced composites and the complex interfacial nature of the adhesive bonds, makes most non-destructive evaluation and assessment techniques ineffective to assess the state of the bond. Different manufacturing and surface preparation techniques impart different surface characteristics to the adherends, hence proper understanding of the state of bonds is dependent …

Tailoring Texture, Microstructure, And Shape Memory Behavior Of Niti Alloys Fabricated By L-Pbf-Am, Sayed Ehsan Saghaian N.E.

Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most promising Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods to fabricate near net-shape metallic materials for a wide range of applications such as patient-specific medical devices, functionally graded materials, and complex structures. NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) are of great interest due to a combination of unique features, such as superelasticity, shape memory effect, high ductility, work output, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility that could be employed in many applications in automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries. Due to the difficulties with traditional machining and forming of NiTi components, the ability to fabricate complex parts, tailor …

Viscoelasticity Of Ptfe-Based Face Seals, Bo Tan

Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

PTFE-based materials are widely used in areas of tribology, particularly in seal and bearing applications because of their outstanding self-lubricating properties. Often in dynamic seal applications there is a need for ultra-low mechanical friction loss between the sealing surfaces. Due to its extremely low friction coefficient, there is interest in employing Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) materials in such applications. One challenging aspect of employing PTFE is that these materials are viscoelastic and plastic. This dissertation concentrates on the modeling of viscoelastic material response when used as mechanical face seals with a focus on PTFE-based materials. First, the viscoelastic characteristics are measured through …

New Horizons For Processing And Utilizing Red Mud, M. Archambo

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Red mud is an industrial slurry waste that is produced as a byproduct of the Bayer process for alumina. The waste is generated in large quantities, up to a ratio of 2:1 against the valued product alumina. Red mud exhibits many chemical and physical properties that categorize it as a hazardous material. Due to the addition of sodium hydroxide in processing, the pH is typically at values close to 13. Small particle size discourages separation from water for disposal, so drying red mud happens over many years.

The pH of red mud can be reduced with inexpensive reagents. Carbon dioxide …

Anaerobic Reductive Bioleaching Of Manganese Ores, Neha Sharma

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The increasing demand of manganese in the industries and various hindrances in its production from low grade ores by conventional method has made it imperative for researchers around the world to develop a method of manganese extraction from low grade ores that is both environment friendly and economical. Bioleaching has shown significant potential in manganese extraction and efficiencies of extraction have been found to be 70-98% with the help of various bacteria and fungi.

This study focuses on extraction of manganese with the help of mixed bacterial strains that have been collected from their natural anaerobic environment. The extraction of …

Studying The Effects Of Initial Crack Angle On The Crack Propagation In Graphene Nano-Ribbon Through Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Vijay Kumar Pathak

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In this research, we have worked on the brittle fracture of graphene nano-ribbon to explore the behavior of crack propagation at different crack angles. We have performed classical Molecular Dynamics simulations using LAMMPS at ten different crack angles between 0 degrees and 45 degrees, in an increment of 5 degrees to observe the parameters that dominate the crack path. The graphene nanoribbon is loaded in the zigzag direction by pulling it in the armchair direction with a pre-existing crack in the center. We have used OVITO for the visualization of the simulation. AIREBO potential is employed in this work because …

Thermomechanical Mechanisms That Cause Adhesion Of Aluminum High Pressure Die Castings To The Die, Alex Monroe

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In high pressure die casting (HPDC) of aluminum, cast material adhering to die is a significant defect. Adhesion occurs in two primary ways. The casting may stick preventing its removal from the die. Aluminum can also adhere to the die and buildup in local areas on the die surface with additional casting cycles. This second form of adhesion is called soldering. Lubricant is the best technology to control all forms of adhesion, but it comes at the cost of casting porosity, blisters, reduced die life, and increased die casting machine wear. New strategies to prevent adhesion are desired to eliminate …

Atomistic Monte Carlo Simulation Study Of Phase Transitions In Metal Alloys, Xiaoxu Guo

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The atomic-scale Monte Carlo simulation study focuses on the intrinsic behaviors of a defect-free crystal that undergoes a cubic-to-tetragonal martensitic transformation. The quasi-spin variable associated with the lattice sites characterizes the local unit cells of the orientation variants of the ground-state martensite phase, which interact with each other through long-range elastic interactions. It is shown that the diffuse scattering in the premartensitic austenite state results from the spatial correlation of the atomic-scale heterogeneous lattice displacements and manifests the displacement short-range ordering. The effects of temperature, elastic anisotropy, and shear modulus softening on the diffuse scattering and displacement short-range ordering are …

Role Of Eta Phase Evolution On Creep Properties Of Nickel Base Superalloys Used In Advanced Electric Power Generation Plants, Ninad Mohale

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Advanced fossil energy power generation plants require materials that withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments. One such material that is used in steam turbines is Nimonic 263. It is a nickel-base superalloy that is principally strengthened by gamma primephase (Ni₃(Ti, Al)) and has an L1₂structure. At extended times and at turbine operating temperatures however, eta (Ni₃Ti) phase is known to form at the expense of gamma prime. Eta has a complex DO₂₄structure and is the stable phase between 750°C and 900°C, but with slow kinetics of formation. Little is understood about eta …

Analyzing Variation In Dispersoid Formation In Aluminum Alloys By Minor Changes In Homogenization Temperature, Brendan Treanore

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The homogenization of billets in the aluminum extrusion industry is a critical step that removes chemical segregation from casting, dissolves low melting point phases, forms nanoscale dispersoid phases, and promotes the beta to alpha transformation of iron particles in the matrix. With ever increasing use of aluminum extrusion in the automotive industry there is a constant need for increased efficiency and consistency in processing of extruded aluminum. The work in this thesis explores the effects of 10°C differences in the homogenization temperature on the formation of dispersoids in 6082 alloys used in the automotive industry. The role of dispersoids is …

Synthesis And Catalytic Properties Of Metal-Organic Frameworks Mimicking Carbonic Anhydrase, Longji Li

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The natural enzyme carbonic anhydrase has gained attention in recent years for its ability to catalyze the interconversion of aqueous carbon dioxide (CO₂) and bicarbonate. However, it lacks the efficiency to qualify practical usage on a large scale due to its inherent deficiency and fragile nature. On the other hand, its active center can be used as an ideal model for the design of novel catalytic materials targeting carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. This study focused on the synthesis of a zinc-based metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF-1) mimicking the carbonic anhydrase using the solvothermal method. Important properties such as catalytic …