Engineering Commons^™

Approach Formula To Increase Energy Efficiency Of Internal Combustion Engines In The “Green Economy” And Impact On The Natural Ecosystem, Zakirjon Ergashevich Musabekov, Hilola Zokir Qizi Uralova, Sayyodbek Ilxomjon O‘G‘Li Abdullajonov

Technical science and innovation

This article discusses, analyzes, and proposes solutions for the role of internal combustion engines in forming a "green economy", as well as ways to replace or modernize them. The relationship between internal combustion engines and the "green economy," as well as their energy efficiency and impact on natural ecosystems, is a crucial and urgent issue. These engines primarily generate energy through the combustion of petroleum-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel. However, this process releases harmful gases into the atmosphere, contributing to environmental degradation. The green economy is an economic model designed to protect the environment, ensure the efficient management …

In-Situ Electrodeposition Of Feco-Mof On Au Ultramicroelectrode For Highly Sensitive Detection Of Epinephrine, Yan Chen, Shang Jian, Si-Yu Wan, Xiao-Tong Cui, Zhong-Gang Liu, Zheng Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

Metal-organic framework (MOF) nanostructures have emerged as a prominent class of materials in the advancement of electrochemical sensors. The rational design of bimetallic MOF-functionalized microelectrode is of importance for improving the electrochemical performance but still in great challenge. In this work, the bimetallic FeCo-MOF nanostructures were assembled onto a gold disk ultramicroelectrode (Au UME, 5.2 μm in diameter) via an in-situ electrodeposition method, which enhanced the sensitive detection of epinephrine (EP). The in-situ electrodeposited FeCo-MOF exhibited a characteristic nanoflower-like morphology and was uniformly dispersed on the Au UME. The FeCo-MOF/Au UME demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance on the detection of EP …

Study On Dopamine Electrochemical Sensing Based On Au@Mos2, Ning An, Ni Su, Xin-Ran Li, Jian-Yu Liu, Qi-Yan Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Dopamine (DA) is a vital neurotransmitter, and accurate detection of its concentration is critical for both clinical diagnostics and neuroscience research. Due to its electrochemical activity, DA is commonly detected using electrochemical methods, which are favored for their simplicity, fast response time, and suitability for in vivo analysis. In this work, a highly sensitive DA electrochemical sensor was developed using an Au@MoS₂ composite, created by modifying molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanosheets with gold nanoparticles through HAuCl₄ reduction, and it was aimed at enhancing DA adsorption and improving detection performance. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), …

Recent Advances In Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors For Theophylline Detection, Gustria Ernis, Yulia M T A Putri, Muhammad Iqbal Syauqi, Prastika Krisma Jiwanti, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, Takeshi Kondo, Qonita Kurnia Anjani, Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi

Journal of Electrochemistry

Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, healthcare, and environmental protection. Theophylline (TP), a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema, has a narrow therapeutic window with a safe plasma concentration ranging from 55.5–111.0 μmol·L^–1 in adults. Accurate monitoring of TP levels is essential because too low or too high can cause serious side effects. In this regard, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors offer a practical solution with rapidity, portability, and high sensitivity. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent developments …

Preserve Your Hma Pavements From The Start, Tim Zahrn, Andrew Eicher

Purdue Road School

This presentation will review sustainable preservation treatments and their application timeline to extend the life of asphalt pavement. We will discuss how pre-preservation treatments like a void reducing asphalt membrane, early-life preservation treatments such as rapid penetrating emulsion, and topical rejuvenators can reduce future maintenance and delay reconstruction. We will also look at mid-life treatments, such as micro-surfacing, fit into a preventative maintenance preservation plan. And finally cover end of life cold pavement recycling alternatives.

Intelligent Turning Cyber-Physical Systems Modeling Using Sysml, Prithbey Raj Dey, David Lee Enke, Mario F. Buchely

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) support industrial automation that incorporates people, hardware, signal, computation, and control using networking to achieve desired results. The complex automated CPS design demands a standard and comprehensive approach to appropriately identify the system requirements, define the architecture, and model the relationships among the software and hardware components. Systems Modeling Language (SysML) provides the capability for a comprehensive modeling to capture the desired design requirements in the systems architecture. SysML enables performance estimation of the model by analyzing constraints while identifying interactions among the components through various behavioral diagrams. In this paper, SysML is applied to the design …

Improvement Of Microcracking And Mechanical Properties Of Tungsten Fabricated Via Laser Powder Bed Fusion Through Alloying With Reactive Secondary Constituents, William S. Mockel

Theses and Dissertations

Tungsten (W), a Group VI transition metal, possesses a number of advantageous properties, most notably its impressive mechanical performance at extreme temperatures. While tungsten's nature render traditional manufacturing methods difficult, additive manufacturing through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) presents a promising avenue for fabricating tungsten components. However, the material’s high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature combined with the embrittling effect of impurities mean that the residual stresses imparted by LPBF result in microcracking in tungsten, degrading its usefulness. This study sought to improve the characteristics of LPBF-W through the removal of embrittling oxygen content via alloying with low concentrations of reactive elements, …

Mechanical Response Of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Gyroid Structures Under Combined Loading, Jay B. Patel

Theses and Dissertations

This work explored combined tensile and torsional loads applied to additively manufactured Inconel 718 specimens employing Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures. The gyroid TPMS unit cell was selected with two variations of cylindrical cell maps, a rectangular cell map, and a spherical cell map. All four variants were tested in an axial-torsion test frame at room temperature using equal parts of vertical and angular displacement control until failure. The combined loading in these tests utilized tension and torsion. The data from the tests were compared to finite element analysis (FEA) models to visualize when yielding was predicted. Finally, the …

Fatigue Behavior Of Two Advanced C/Sic Composites At 1200°C In Air, Conner A. Adams

Theses and Dissertations

High-temperature tension-tension fatigue behavior of two advanced carbon/silicon carbide (C/SiC) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated. Both composites were reinforced with T300 carbon fibers. Laminated carbon fiber preforms consisted of 24 plies of plain weave fabric in a 0/90 layup. The first composite, C/CVI-SiC, was processed by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of SiC into the fiber preform. Prior to the CVI process, the fiber preforms were coated with a duplex pyrolytic carbon and boron carbide fiber coating to create a weak fiber- matrix interphase. The second composite, C/HYPR-SiC, was also processed via CVI, but had an oxidation inhibited matrix comprising …

Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Sic/Sic Composite With An Array Of Small Cooling Holes At 1200°C, Tess K. Panchyshyn

Theses and Dissertations

Tension-tension fatigue behavior of an advanced melt-infiltrated (MI) silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) composite was evaluated, and basic tensile properties measured, at 1200°C in laboratory air.  The composite consists of a melt-infiltrated SiC matrix reinforced with laminated Hi-Nicalon Type-S fibers woven in a 5-harness satin weave. The Hi-Nicalon-S fiber preforms were coated with a boron nitride (BN) fiber coating by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The melt-infiltrated matrix was consolidated by combining CVI-SiC with SiC particulate slurry and molten silicon infiltration. The finished ceramic matrix composite (CMC) had a fiber volume fraction of 33%. Additionally, the effect of multiple small holes on …

Thermophysical Properties Of Aqueous Amine Salts For Closed Air Cabin Revitalization, Mahmud R. Yusuf, Isabela Flores, Ben Hines, Li Hua Zhang, Seth Christa, Brooks D. Rabideau, Kevin West, Breanna Dobyns, James Davis

Shelby Hall Graduate Research Forum Posters

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture plays a crucial role in closed cabin air revitalization, however current CO2 capture technologies pose several issues. Traditional amine solutions, such as monoethanolamine, are commonly used in CO2 capture on the International Space Station but face drawbacks including high volatility, thermal degradation, and unpleasant odor. To overcome these challenges, amine salt solutions have emerged as promising alternatives. Amine salt solutions have reduced environmental impact, lower corrosion potential, and improved CO2 loading capacity, making them a more efficient and sustainable replacement. Knowing these physical properties are critical for modeling and optimizing a scrubbing process that employs these …

Treating Ground Water For Agricultural And Individual Consumption, Gabby Miller, Bronson Scott, Michael Clawson

Biomedical Engineering

This project, conducted in collaboration with Cal Poly seniors and Da Vinci High School students, aims to develop a solar-powered groundwater purification system. This system is designed to provide clean water for agricultural use and individual consumption, addressing the growing concerns of groundwater contamination and accessibility needs. The final prototype integrates a gravity filtration system combined with chemical purification, utilizing aluminum sulfate and chlorine to remove particulates, bacteria, and organic compounds.

The research phase involved an extensive review of groundwater contamination issues, existing filtration technologies, and market analysis. Key design constraints included cost-effectiveness, ease of maintenance, and minimal energy consumption, …

On The Exploration Of Crystallographic Anisotropy And Defects In Shock Loading Using Molecular Dynamics, Benjamin P. Helman

Theses and Dissertations

The impact of crystallographic orientation, grain boundaries, and vacancies on the shock behavior of aluminum was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Shock loading in the [001], [011], and [111] directions was explored, revealing anisotropic behavior in shock speed, melting, dislocation density, and unique phase changes. The Hugoniot elastic limit in the [100], [110], and [111] directions was calculated as 23.2 GPa, 24 GPa, and 18.4 GPa respectively. These results were found to be an order of magnitude larger than the compressive yield strength computed at equilibrium. Additionally, metastable melting in the [011] and [111] directions occurred roughly 1000 K below …

Discovering Design Requirements For Next Generation Arctic Tension Fabric Shelters, Mark W. Mcveigh

Theses and Dissertations

Military operations to remote Arctic regions require large-span temporary shelters to house tactical aircraft and provide heated maintained spaces. However, the current System-50 Large Area Maintenance Shelters used by the United States Air Force and Department of Defense are inadequate for Arctic deployments. These shelters lack durability against extreme subzero temperatures, heavy snow accumulation, and high wind speeds. They also fail to address critical Arctic-specific design challenges including permafrost protection, foundation disruption caused by frost heaves, and efficient heating as a result of their inadequate thermal resistance properties. This research analyzed 20 years of climatological data from 8,399 weather observation …

Enhancing Cycle Life Of Graphite ‖ Lifepo4 Batteries Via Copper Substituted Li2Ni1-XCuXO2 Cathode Prelithiation Additive, Jian-Ming Zheng, Jing-Wen Zhang, Tian-Peng Jiao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Lithium nickel oxide (Li₂NiO₂), as a sacrificial cathode prelithiation additive, has been used to compensate for the lithium loss for improving the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, high-cost Li₂NiO₂ suffers from inferior delithiation kinetics during the first cycle. Herein, we investigate the effects of the cost-effective Cu substitution of Li₂Ni_1-xCu_xO₂ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase method on the structure, morphology, electrochemical performance of graphite‖LiFePO₄ battery. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) refinement result demonstrates that Cu substitution strategy is favorable …

Metal Nitrides As Cathode Hosts For Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, Hai-Ji Xiong, Cheng-Wei Zhu, Ding-Rong Deng, Qi-Hui Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh·kg^–1) and specific capacity (1675 mAh·g^–1). Currently, various strategies have been proposed to overcome the technical barriers, e.g., “shuttle effect”, capacity decay and volumetric change, which impede the successful commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries. This paper reviews the applications of metal nitrides as the cathode hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries, summarizes the design strategies of different host materials, and discusses the relationship between the properties of metal nitrides and their …

Sno2 Particles Embedded Into Carbon Coated Mesoporous SioX Rod As High Volumetric Capacity Anode For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jia-Lin Guo, Ni-Ni Li, Peng Zheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Due to the high capacity and moderate volume expansion of silicon protoxide SiO_x (160%) compared with that of Si (300%), reducing silicon dioxide SiO₂ into SiO_x while maintaining its special nano-morphology makes it attractive as an anode of Li-ion batteries. Herein, through a one-pot facile high-temperature annealing route, using SBA15 as the silicon source, and embedding tin dioxide SnO₂ particles into carbon coated SiO_x, the mesoporous SiO_x-SnO₂@C rod composite was prepared and tested as the anode material. The results revealed that the SnO₂ particles were distributed uniformly in the …

Experimental Investigation And Operating Characteristics Of Lhr Engine Using Bio-Fuel Blends With Additives, Suresh R

Theses and Dissertations

The huge energy demand and environmental anxiety are the reasons for the focus on the interest in alternative fuels for diesel engines. This has resulted in a worldwide search for renewable, less pollutant and agricultural-based alternate fuels. Also, attention is given to increasing the efficiency of a conventional diesel engine when operating on alternative fuels. The bio-fuel derived from non-edible oil such as Pongamia oil and Neem seed oil are suggested alternative fuels for this LHR engine.

Diesel engine combustion components viz., the piston crown and liner were coated with Aluminium Titanate thermal barrier coating material. The objective of this …

New Insights Into Controlling The Functional Properties Of Tin Oxide-Based Materials, Alexandra Kuriganova, Nina Smirnova

Journal of Electrochemistry

Development of methodologies for fabrications of nanostructured materials that provide control over their microstructural features and compositions represents a fundamental step in the advancement of technologies for productions of materials with well-defined functional properties. Pulse electrolysis, a top-down electrochemical approach, has been demonstrated to be a viable method for producing nanostructured materials with a particular efficacy in the synthesis of tin oxides. This method allows for significant control over the composition and shape of the resulting tin oxides particles by modifying the anionic composition of the aqueous electrolyte, obviating the need for additional capping agents in the synthesis process and …

Nanostructured Graphitic Carbon Nitride For Photocatalytic And Electrochemical Applications, Muhammad Abdul Qadeer, Iqra Fareed, Asif Hussaine, Muhammad Asim Farid, Sadia Nazir, Faheem K. Butt, Ji-Jun Zou, Muhammad Tahir, Shang-Feng Du

Journal of Electrochemistry

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) exhibits great mechanical as well as thermal characteristics, making it a valuable material for use in photoelectric conversion devices, an accelerator for synthesis of organic compounds, an electrolyte for fuel cell applications or power sources, and a hydrogen storage substance and a fluorescence detector. It is fabricated using different methods, and there is a variety of morphologies and nanostructures such as zero to three dimensions that have been designed for different purposes. There are many reports about g-C₃N₄ in recent years, but a comprehensive review which covers nanostructure dimensions …

A Cnt Intercalated Co Porphyrin-Based Metal Organic Framework Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Pei-Pei He, Jin-Hua Shi, Xiao-Yu Li, Ming-Jie Liu, Zhou Fang, Jing He, Zhong-Jian Li, Xin-Sheng Peng, Qing-Gang He

Journal of Electrochemistry

The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells. Herein, we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the growth process of MOF crystals, synthesizing a metalloporphyrin-based MOF catalyst TCPPCo-MOF-CNT with a unique CNT-intercalated MOF structure. Physical characterization revealed that the CNTs enhance the overall conductivity while retaining the original characteristics of the MOF and metalloporphyrin. Simultaneously, the insertion of CNTs generated adequate mesopores and created a hierarchical porous structure that enhances mass transfer efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the C atom in CNT …

Investigating Nanomaterials For Improved Barrier Properties In Food Packaging, Alice Njolke Mafe, Great Iruoghene Edo, Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie, Ebuka Chukwuma Umelo, Endurance Fegor Isoje, Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku, Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

This review examines the potential of nanomaterials in revolutionizing food packaging, focusing on their role in enhancing barrier properties and extending the shelf life of packaged foods. Traditional packaging materials often fall short in effectively protecting against oxygen, moisture, and UV light, resulting in diminished food quality and shorter shelf life. Nanomaterials, including nanoclays, metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., ZnO, TiO₂), carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes), and biodegradable options like cellulose nanocrystals, have emerged as promising solutions. These materials offer exceptional gas and moisture barrier properties, antimicrobial effects, and UV protection capabilities. The review provides an in-depth exploration of various …

Comparative Analysis Of The Environmental Impact Of Biopolymer-Based And Conventional Plastic Packaging In Food Engineering Applications, Alice Njolke Mafe, Great Iruoghene Edo, Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie, Ogunyemi Ayobami Joshua, Endurance Fegor Isoje, Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku, Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the environmental impacts of biopolymer-based packaging versus conventional plastic packaging in food engineering applications. It begins by highlighting the critical role of packaging in food preservation and safety, while addressing the environmental challenges posed by traditional plastic packaging, including pollution, waste accumulation, and the generation of microplastics. The review compares conventional plastics like PET and HDPE with biopolymers such as PLA and PHA, discussing the environmental advantages of biopolymers in terms of carbon footprint reduction, renewable resource utilization, and enhanced biodegradability. A life cycle assessment is employed to evaluate the resource usage, emissions, …

Sustainable Design Perspective Of Offshore Concrete Structures Subjected To Reinforcement Corrosion Within Cracked Structures, Riyadh Alsultani, Ahmed Ashor Al-Saadi, Ali Imad Mansor, Omran I. Mohammed, Sabah Mohammed Abed, Raghda Ali Naser, Alaa Hussein, Fatima Muslim, Haneen Fadhil, Raad F. Hasan, Qahtan Adnan Saber, Zahra Salahaldain, Sepanta Naimi

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

Recent advancements in design methodologies have greatly enhanced the dependable design of offshore structures. However, rigorous validation remains crucial for confirming the efficacy of these designs. Concrete, a material widely used in offshore structures, faces significant challenges under harsh environmental conditions such as chloride ion exposure from seawater. This exposure leads to deterioration of concrete properties and poses a severe threat to the sustainability of these structures. Cracking in concrete, both in new and operational phases, often leads to chloride-driven corrosion of reinforcing steel, which shortens the service life of the structures. This study aims to quantify the depth of …

Mathematical Treatment Of Management Triangle To Be Used Numerically As A Tool In Performance Measuring Of Construction Projects, Aqeel Abdulhassan Husein, Ruqaya A. Muter, Mohammed Lateef Hussein, Mohanad Rasim Al-Owaidi, Fatin Hashim Kareem, Sabah Mohammed Abd Mosehab, Ali Imad Naji, Ali Alrekaby, Murtadha D. Abdullah

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

This study introduces a mathematical treatment to the triangle of management to be used numerically as a tool in measuring the performance of projects in view of the adopted priorities during executing phases of the projects. The actual outputs of construction projects are usually deviated from planned targets by more or less. If a group of projects within a unique attitude are considered , a trend can be investigated representing the biased efforts to one of the three targets : delivering the project on time , in the planned cost and in the specified quality. This study showed that the …

A Numerical Study Of The Effect Of Geogrid On Road Way Reinforced With Layers Of Pavements, Nabeh Alderoubi, Mustafa Abdul Salam Mustafa, Samir Ali Amin, Laith Jaafer Habeeb, Hasan Shakir Majdi

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

The work assesses how streets developed out of many layers of asphalt appear like when placed on the support of Geogrid. Using the principles of computer graphics, the present work presents an improved system of modeling and analysis of the behavior of a multilayer asphalt pavement. Has to be made to determine if the support adequate to enhance flexibility as well as solidity relative to the construction of roadways. As for the elements for consideration, there are usual factors such as soil quality, traffic stacking as well as environmental factors. A slab measuring 200 mm by 100 mm was compressed …

Synthesis Of Durable Sio2 Nanoparticle Coatings For Self- Cleaning Solar Panel Surfaces, Pratima Parajuli

Masters Theses

The demand for innovations that improve the efficiency of solar panels has grown due to an increasing reliance on solar energy as a sustainable energy source. Great effort has been made to increase the conversion efficiency of solar energy to electrical energy. The accumulation of dirt, dust, and other environmental particulates on their surfaces is a challenge faced by solar panel technology. These contaminants can significantly reduce the overall performance of the solar panel. Recently, interest in developing self-cleaning surfaces has risen to maintain the performance of solar panels.To create self-cleaning surfaces, silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles are emerging …

Heavy Metals Pollution In Roadside Ecosystems, Lilian Matafu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Heavy metals refer to metallic elements that are characterized by having a relatively high density and they are toxic or poisonous even at low concentration. They are environmental pollutant owing to toxicity and longevity in atmosphere and ability to accumulate in living things via bioaccumulation. They tend to enter in different system such as food chain. Analyses of water, soil sediment and the surrounding growing plants (Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus species) for selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) were conducted on a roadside pond located at Boko MSB, Dar es Salaam. Pond water, soil sediments and plant samples …

Assessment Of Wind Speed Characteristics And Available Wind Power Potential For Electricity Generation In Tanzania, Mwingereza John Kumwenda

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The energy demand and its associated crises are attracting significant attention due to population increase and economic growth especially in developing countries. Fossil fuel-based energy source stand as a prominent anthropogenic resource but they are accompanied with increased carbon emissions and heightened environmental concerns. Renewable energy sources such as wind energy can offers a lot of potential for sustainable growth in the energy sector of developing nations like Tanzania. Thus, this work investigated wind speed characteristics and available wind power potential in six selected regions in Tanzania with different topographical features for future electricity generation. The data of the wind …

Principles Of Advanced Manufacturing For Engineers, Xin Zhao, Walid Asad, Subha Majumder, Chenyang Zhu

Manufacturing

No abstract provided.