Engineering Commons^™

Fatigue Strength Of Girders With Tapered Covered Plates, Ahmed Farouk Hassan, Mark D. Bowman

JTRP Technical Reports

This report represents results from a study to determine the fatigue strength of steel beams with welded partial-length cover plates. Results of an experimental investigation that examined the fatigue strength of various cracked cover plate end details that were subsequently repaired are presented. The repair methods investigated included a slip-critical bolted splice plate connection, air-hammer peening, and a combination of the previous two called a partial bolted splice connection. Also, an analytical model was developed to predict the fatigue behavior of a cover plate and detail that is repaired using one of the three repair methods investigated and which contains …

New Treatment Combinations For Control Of Brush And Vegetation Management Along Indiana Roadsides, D. James Morré

JTRP Technical Reports

This report represents results from a project for research to develop and implement new treatment mixtures for control of problem brush, trees and other woody species and herbicide-resistant weeds along Indiana roadsides. An environmentally safe mixture of trichlopyr (Galon Herbicide) and ammonium nitrate for one application control of deciduous roadside vegetation was developed. Also discovered and developed was a new, environmentally safe and effective TR series of additives that enhance the action of the auxin herbicides (trichlopyr, 2,4-D, picloram) for inclusion in both the brush control mixtures and control of milkweed, Canada thistle, bindweed, ground cherry and other perennial, herbicide-resistant …

Predicting Traffic Impacts At Two-Lane Highway Work Zones, Michael J. Cassidy, Youngtae Son

JTRP Technical Reports

Maintenance or reconstruction activity on a two-lane highway often requires a lane closure. The implementation of “one-way traffic control,” required to maintain traffic flow throughout the work zone, typically produces significant motorist delay. This report describes the adaptation and application of queuing models, originally derived for intersections controlled by vehicle-actuated traffic signals, to estimate delay at two-lane highway work zones. The models estimate expected delay as a function of directional traffic demand rates, work zone physical length and observed traffic measures. Validation efforts using simulation suggest that the models accurately predict the impacts of two-lane highway lane closures.

Stay-In Place Deck Panels - Part 1, Ariel Goldman, Menashi D. Cohen, J. A. Ramirez

JTRP Technical Reports

The objective of this study was the evaluation of frost resistance of concrete bridge decks with stay-in-place galvanized steel deck forms. The evaluation included specific aspects related to the potential for D-cracking in concrete bridge decks with these forms. The experimental program has been set up so that the real parameters of the bridge deck overlays and the environmental conditions could have been modeled. The program included freezing-and-thawing testing of large concrete slab specimens (22 ¼” x 17 ¼” x 5 ¼”) situated in a computer-controlled environmental chamber and of small specimens (3” x 4” x 12”) immersed in water …

Use Of Time Domain Reflectometry For Determination Of Water Content An Density Of Soil, Shafiqul I. Siddiqui, Vincent P. Drnevich

JTRP Technical Reports

A new method is developed for measuring in-place density and moisture content of soil using the technique of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The method is applicable for construction control of earthworks. The method is extended for measuring moisture content of soil in the laboratory and in the field for various other geotechnical purposes. Laboratory uses include measuring moisture content of soil in compaction molds; field uses include measuring moisture content of soil in Shelby tubes and soil retrieved during drilling and sampling operations. In the course of achieving these goals, this study develops the principles of TDR probe design, test …

Power Shedding Experiences And Lessons In A Township, Alexander Kyaruzi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper presents how power shedding by taking out one of the trans- former high voltage fuses causes phase imbalance. And for the same elec- nicc,l energy output generator fuel consuntption with unbalanced phases is 12.5% of The fuel consunwtion with balanced phases. Furthermore it is shown thal energy efficient lighting by use of energy efficient bulbs can reduce load shedding.

Optimum Geometrical Parameters For Prismatic Folded Plate Roofs: System- Atic Search Approach, N Mwitta

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Folded plate structures have unique structural advantages over conven- nonal beam-and-slab structural forms. Selection of optimum geometrical parameters in design would make folded plate roofs more appealing to the national construction industry in terms ofcost. This paper presents a study on shape optimization of prismatic folded plate roofs for minimum weight of the structure per unit covered area. A computer based systematic search approach has been employed.for the optimization study, while the tranyeer matrix method has been used for analysis. Curves opriinum geometrical parameters versus span have been pre sented for three commonly used shapes of prismatic folded plate roofs. …

Predicting Solute Transport In Natural Streams - A Stochastic Approach, Xueqing Zhou

Dissertations and Theses

The existing theories for predicting longitudinal dispersion in straight open channels have long been recognized as inadequate when applied to natural rivers. These theories tend to grossly underestimate dispersion in real streams since an important mixing mechanism due to nonuniform river cross-section variations is not explicitly taken into account. Recognizing the important role of stream irregularities on solute transport and the analytical difficulties of classical deterministic analysis, we develop a stochastic approach for analyzing solute transport in natural streams. Variations in river width and bed elevation are conveniently represented as one-dimensional random fields, characterized by their autocorrelation functions. Advection and …

A Guide To Floodplain Cattle Fencing, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia, Main Roads, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock published reports

A seminar and workshop was held at Fitzroy Crossing in October 1993 to address the consequences of flooding to landholders and communities.

Damage to flood plain fencing was identified as one of the major concerns to landholders.

An outcome from the workshop was the decision to draw on local knowledge and collate information on options for fence and floodgate designs.

This information was to be made available to land holders and other interested parties - hence this publication.

Development Of Guidelines And Performance For Asphalt Concrete Containing Recycled Rubber, Kamyar C. Mahboub, Donn E. Hancher

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of implementation of the crumb rubber technology in Kentucky. The impetus for this study was provided by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (lSTEA).

This study included an overview of existing literature on the subject from an implementation point of view for Kentucky's conditions. Upon completion of this phase of the study, guidelines were developed by the KTC research team and were submitted to the Transportation Cabinet for field implementation of the crumb rubber modifier (CRM) technology in Kentucky. From the ease of implementation point of view, …

Evaluation Of Change Interval Treatments For Traffic Signals At High-Speed Intersections, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A large number of traffic accidents at signalized intersections on high-speed roadways occur during or just after the change interval. The green extension system (GES) has been used extensively in Kentucky as a method of alleviating the problem related to the dilemma zone. An alternate method of handling this problem involves warning drivers that the signal indication is about to change from green to red using advance warning flashers (AWF). The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the alternative methods (GES or AWF) which can be used to lessen the problem associated with the dilemma zone which occurs …

Application Of Lawn Fertilizers And Pesticides In Salt Lake Valley Recharge Areas, Ghassan R. Musharrafieh, Larry Sager, Howard M. Deer, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Homeowners, chemical applicators, and commercial lawncare companies apply chemicals to lawns and ornamentals overlying the recharge zone of Salt Lake Valley's principal aquifer. These applied fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides can potentially leach far enough to contaminate ground water. This report summarizes a study conducted in 1993-1994 to determine the type, rate, and frequency of applying chemicals to lawns and ornamentals in the recharge zone. Surveyed are lawncare companies, chemical applicators, schools, churches, hospitals, parks, homeowners, and government documents and community and state regulations. Results will help assess the potential impact of these applications on future ground water quality.

Composting Of Green Waste Under Severe Dry Hot Weather, Magdy Bdel Ghaffar Elbieh

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Highway Safety Management System For Indiana: Phase 1, Omar Farooq, Kumares C. Sinha, John Nagle, Dwayne Stanley James, Yi Jiang

JTRP Technical Reports

This report presents the work plan for the development of a highway safety management system for Indiana. It identifies major activities and responsibilities for the development and implementation of a formal, statewide, interactive safety decision-making process. The safety management system of Indiana is perceived as a continuous process of considering all opportunities to improve highway safety in all phases of highway planning, design, construction, maintenance and operation. The primary emphasis is on coordination of activities at various levels and on the development of a common information data base that can be used for selecting and implementing effective highway safety strategies …

Modelling For Optimal Conjunctive Water Management: Irrigated Crop Production Versus Nps Pollution Prevention, O. H. Daza, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Conjunctive water management{CWM)involves coordinating use of ground and surface water sources. Agricultural (A) and nonagricultural {NA)users compete for available water of adequate quality. A Simulation/Optimization (S/0) conjunctive water management model was developed to aid estimating the effects of water and environmental management decisions on crop yield and water quality. Included subsystems are groundwater, surface water, reservoir, delivery system, drainage, and A and NA water users. The nonlinear model addresses flows described by nonsmooth piecewise-linear functions which have discontinuous derivatives. Embedded constraints describe all significant subsystem flows. For example 1 deep percolation and runoff from surface irrigation are explicitly described as …

Two Dimensional Finite Element Modeling Of Swift Delta Soil Nail Wall By "Abaqus", Richard James Barrows

Dissertations and Theses

Soil nail walls are a form of mechanical earth stabilization for cut situations. They consist of the introduction of passive inclusions (nails) into soil cut lifts. These nailed lifts are then tied together with a structural facing (usually shotcrete) . The wall lifts are constructed incrementally from the top of cut down. Soil nail walls are being recognized as having potential for large cost savings over other alternatives. The increasing need to provide high capacity roadways in restricted rights of way under structures such as bridges will require increasing use of techniques such as combined soil nail and piling walls. …

Examination Of Concrete Cores From Lowe’S Store In Bowling Green, David L. Allen, L. John Fleckenstein

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Center was requested by Mr. Tom Brock, Vice President of McWhorter and Company, Inc., to examine cores obtained from a PCC floor slab of a Lowe's store in Bowling Green, Kentucky. From a telephone conversation with Mr. Brock, is was our understanding that a large portion of the surface of the floor slab was scaling and becoming detached. This apparently involved approximately the top 118 inch of the slab.

Nine cores were delivered to our laboratories. They were obtained at the locations shown in the floor map included in Appendix A. Those nine cores are shown in …

Use Of Flowable Fill (Clsm) For Trench Backfill, Bobby W. Meade, David Q. Hunsucker, Michael D. Stone

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), commonly referred to as flowable fill, has been used for years as a trench backfill for utility repairs in Kentucky, and is now being used by the Kentucky Department of Highways (KDOH) on a limited basis. Flowable fill, when used as trench backfill, typically consists of natural sand, fly ash, cement, and water with a design compressive strength of 50 to 100 psi at 28 days. Flowable fill was used on two KDOH projects in 1991. One project was new construction in the widening and realignment of Breckinridge Lane in Louisville and the other was …

Data Assimilation In Models With Convective Adjustment, Robert N. Miller, Edward D. Zaron, Andrew F. Bennett

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Practical hydrostatic ocean models are often restricted to statically stable configurations by the use of a convective adjustment. A common way to do this is to assign an infinite boat conductivity to the water at a given level if the water column should become statically unstable. This is implemented in the form of a switch. When a statically unstable configuration is detected, it is immediately replaced with a statically stable one in which heat is conserved. In this approach, the model is no longer governed by a smooth set of equations, and usual techniques of variational data assimilation must be …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Analytical And Simulation Models Of Weaving Area Operations Under Non-Freeway Conditions, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal

Dissertations

The Highway Capacity Manual covers adequately the operation of weaving areas on freeways. Weaving on non-freeway facilities, however, has not been addressed as yet. This research effort presents a state-of-the-art procedural analytical approach and simulation models for the analysis of the level of service and operation of non-freeway weaving areas. Weaving under non-freeway conditions is classified into two broad categories; basic weave and ramp weave. The analytical models for these two weaving categories are calibrated and validated based on data obtained from several sites selected in the states of New Jersey and New York. New level of service criteria are …

A Gis Based Multi-Modal Multiple Optimal Path Transit Advanced Traveler Information System, Nicholas A. Koncz

Theses

A method for the design and use of a Transit Advanced Traveler Information System (TATIS) using an off-the-shelf Geographic Information System (GIS) is developed in this thesis. The research design included: 1) representing multi-modal transit networks in a digital form with schedule databases; 2) development of a multiple "optimal" path algorithm that takes into account walking transfers using published time schedules; 3) incorporating user preferences and penalties in the algorithm; 4) development of a user-interface with suitable output capabilities; 5) using the prototype for sample inquiries giving performance measures.

This prototype was developed using the Arc/Info GIS developed by ESRI, …

Integration Of Surfactants And Time Release Nutrients With Pneumatic Fracturing Process, Atiqur Md. Rahman

Theses

The objective of this laboratory study was the development of two novel improvements to the pneumatic fracturing process which would extend its present application. The first involved use of surfactant during pneumatic injection, and the second was subsurface injection of "time-release" dry nutrient pellets for enhancement of in situ biodegradation.

Bench scale tests demonstrated that pneumatic fracturing can be successfully performed with air containing a surfactant solution (foam fracturing). The results showed that foam fracturing followed by increased the rate of surrogate contaminant removal from 8% to 10% compared with regular pneumatic fracturing. These increases were attributed to enlarged fracture …

The Influence Of Hydrodynamics And Particle Size On The Rejection Properties Of Ultrafiltration Membranes, Usama M. Shahin

Theses

A mathematical model based on the flow hydrodynamics is developed to calculate the treatment efficiency of ultrafiltration process. This model relates the treatment efficiency with the consideration of both fixed parameters and variable parameters. The fixed parameters are function of the intrinsic rejection coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and viscosity whereas the variable parameters can be related to the fluid velocity, volume flux, and cartridge dimensions. The model has been examined by solutions with solutes that have different molecular weights. The experimental data fits the proposed mathematical model very closely suggesting its suitability to evaluate the rejection efficiency in ultrafiltration. As such …

The Use And Evaluation Of Cleaner Wicks To Accelerate In Situ Bioremediation Of Organically Contaminated Groundwater And Soil, Brian Michael Sielski

Theses

The adaptation of Cleaner Wicks to accelerate in situ bioremediation of organically contaminated ground water and soil can be accomplished by making minor modifications to the Cleaner Wick design.

Once these changes in the Cleaner Wick design have been made the two primary ingredients necessary for aerobic microorganisms, nutrients and oxygen, can be delivered via the Cleaner Wick to the subsurface environment both above and below the water table to stimulate microbial growth and activity. Therefore, the microbial population will be able to biodegrade the target contaminants, rendering them harmless products such as carbon dioxide and water.

An adequate understanding …

Analysis And Design Of Continuous Sandwich Beams, Paavo Hassinen, Lassi Martikainen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Sandwich panels are composed of two thin face layers and a lightweight core between them. Panels are used to carry large bending moments and axial forces, which capacity is reduced, if imperfections, for example initial deflections or transverse loads, appear in the face layers. At intermediate supports the panel is stressed by a high bending moment and, in addition, by a concentrated lateral support reaction. The strength against the simultaneous bending moment and support reaction depends on the bending stiffness and on the bending and buckling strength of the face and on the compressive strength of the core. The paper …

A Design Procedure For Lipped Channel Flexural Members, Maria E. Moreyra, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper is third in a series of three papers describing the research sponsored by the American Iron and Steel Institute. Physical test results described in the first paper combined with the finite element solution parametric studies described in the second paper were used in this paper to develop improved design procedures for edge stiffened elements.

Local Buckling Of Stiffened And Unstiffened Elements Under Nonuniform Compression, Venkatakrishnan Kalyanaraman, P. Jayabalan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Thin plates subjected to linearly varying inplane compression in one direction may undergo local buckling before failure. An analytical procedure is presented for evaluating the local buckling strength based on which equations for the local buckling stress of unstiffened and stiffened elements are presented.

Pallet Racking Using Cold-Reduced Steel, J. S. Cowen, J. Michael Davies

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Codes of practice for the design of cold-formed sections have generally included a requirement for the coil material to possess a specified amount of ductility prior to forming. The scientific basis for such ductility requirements is shrouded in historical mystery but code drafting committees have been reluctant to remove these requirements in the absence of good reason. However, very low ductility steels have been used for the manufacture of cold-formed steel components for many years by the two leading UK manufacturers of storage racks without this lack of ductility giving rise to any problems during either manufacture or service. This …