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Articles 32311 - 32340 of 40029

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Earthquake Induced Displacement Of Gravity Retaining Walls, X. Zeng Apr 1995

Earthquake Induced Displacement Of Gravity Retaining Walls, X. Zeng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Centrifuge tests were conducted to study the displacement of gravity retaining walls during earthquakes. Theoretical analysis based on Newmark's sliding block method was used to analyze the data. For a gravity wall with dry backfill, sliding block method generates reasonable results. However, the method is difficult to apply for a retaining wall with saturated backfill. Comprehensive numerical methods need to be used. A method of calculating the tilting of gravity walls is introduced.

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On Seismic Design Displacements Of Rigid Retaining Walls, Shamsher Prakash, Yingwei Wu, Eyjolfur Ami Rafnsson Apr 1995

On Seismic Design Displacements Of Rigid Retaining Walls, Shamsher Prakash, Yingwei Wu, Eyjolfur Ami Rafnsson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Correlation of the dynamic displacement and significant factors are presented. Three computer programs (Rafnsson, 1991) have been modified to develop design charts. The wall dimension computed by static condition and related displacement under dynamic loading can be estimated from the computer programs. Twenty-one combinations of base soil and back fill, 5 different ground motions and 7 different heights of wall are used in the analyses to develop design charts. These will help the designer to predict the dynamic behavior of retaining walls and to optimize the design work. Furthermore, equations have been fitted to predict the displacement without using the …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Iv, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Iv, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Soil Investigation And Fvt Analysis In Hualien Lsst Ssi Research, T. Ueshima, K. Kudo, T. Kokusho, T. Okamoto, Y. Tanaka Apr 1995

Soil Investigation And Fvt Analysis In Hualien Lsst Ssi Research, T. Ueshima, K. Kudo, T. Kokusho, T. Okamoto, Y. Tanaka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An international joint research program, Large-Scale Seismic Test (LSST) Program at Hualien, Taiwan, is ongoing, where a large-scale model structure partly embedded in gravelly layer was constructed, in-depth site soil geotechnical investigation was performed at every one of four construction stages, that is, before excavation, after excavation before structure construction, after structure construction before backfill, and after backfill, forced vibration tests (FVTs) of the model structure before backfill (FVT-1) and after backfill (FVT-2) were performed, and seismic observation of the dynamic SSI (soil-structure interaction) system is underway. This paper describes the change of the shear wave velocity (Vs) accompanied by …

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Effect Of Soil Dilatancy On Vibration And Earth Pressure, Y. Ohshima, H. Watanabe Apr 1995

Effect Of Soil Dilatancy On Vibration And Earth Pressure, Y. Ohshima, H. Watanabe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A model ground of air dried sand compacted in a shear testing apparatus and two composite models each of which have the model pit of different rigidity buried in a same model ground as above one are excited horizontally with sinusoidal motions on a shaking table. From measured accelerations and dynamic earth pressure it is found that the vertical vibration is produced in the ground due to the dilatancy or volume change of soil and yet it produces the dynamic earth pressure acting horizontally on all outside walls of the model pit. In order to simulate the results of tests …

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Improved Soil-Spring Method For Soil-Structure Interaction — Vertical Excitation, A. H. Hadjian, H. T. Tang Apr 1995

Improved Soil-Spring Method For Soil-Structure Interaction — Vertical Excitation, A. H. Hadjian, H. T. Tang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An improved Soil-Spring Method for vertical response analysis is proposed. The Soil-Spring Method belongs to the sub structuring methods of analyses for seismic soil-structure interaction. As originally developed the method has certain significant limitations. The proposed improvement is essentially iterative where, successively, layering, embedment, soil damping and frequency-dependent effects are introduced and adjusted until acceptable convergence is achieved. Additionally, input motion for embedded structures is specified using a simple procedure. The methodology is applied to the Lotung 1/4-scale containment model for three recorded earthquakes. The comparisons of the response results with the recorded data and with results obtained using state-of-the-art …

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Foundation Soil Influence On The Seismic Response Of Piers, P. P. Diotallevi, R. Poluzzi Apr 1995

Foundation Soil Influence On The Seismic Response Of Piers, P. P. Diotallevi, R. Poluzzi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Significant experimental dynamic tests by vibrodyne were conducted on single piers of a motorway near Livomo (Italy). Tests were conducted on structures similar to each other but founded on two different type of soils (under consolidated silts below the water table and over consolidated clays) and very different dynamic responses were found in terms of damping and natural frequencies. This effect was particularly evident for single piles proving the importance of soil characteristics upon the dynamic response of the structure. It is refere also a numerical investigation about the behavior of identical structures founded on different soils and subjected to …

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Application Of Weak Earthquake Records In Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis, E. Juhásová Apr 1995

Application Of Weak Earthquake Records In Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis, E. Juhásová

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The problem concerns cases when the structure is situated in the geological conditions with different soil layers including soft ones. The wave motion in the subsoil is described for linear and non-linear soil media, damping is included through complex modulus of elasticity. Variation of damping, obtained from laboratory experiments, answers to frequency and time influences. The properties of weak earthquakes are discussed as they are used like input data before soil transfer. The response of layered subsoil describes extremes of seismic vibration at different depth. It has been recognized that site effects can significantly affect the nature of seismic input …

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Dynamic Interaction Of An Uplifted Beam With The Supporting Soil, Medhat A. Haroun, Ali A. El-Zeiny Apr 1995

Dynamic Interaction Of An Uplifted Beam With The Supporting Soil, Medhat A. Haroun, Ali A. El-Zeiny

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

During seismic events, the overturning moment exerted by the hydrodynamic pressure of a liquid contained in an unanchored, thin-walled liquid storage tank tends to lift the tank base plate off its foundation. The nonlinear uplift and contact mechanism between the base plate and the underlying foundation is investigated in the present study. Nonlinearities due to base plate contact with foundation, large deflection and plastic hinge formation are examined.

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Rescue Testing Of Full-Scale In-Situ Structures, P. R. Gefken, J. W. Simons Apr 1995

Rescue Testing Of Full-Scale In-Situ Structures, P. R. Gefken, J. W. Simons

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

At SRI International a state-of-the-art technique for testing large-scale structures to dynamic motion resembling that from a large magnitude earthquake has been developed. The technique, referred to as repeatable earth shaking by controlled underground expansion (RESCUE), may allow actual full-scale structures to be tested in-situ. In this paper we present the results of a finite element simulation of a full-scale highway overpass loaded from ground motion produced by the RESCUE technique. Results indicated that the RESCUE technique could generate significantly enough ground motion to excite failure damage modes.

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Tests Of Buildings And Foundations With Vibrations Of Ground, A. N. Tetior Apr 1995

Tests Of Buildings And Foundations With Vibrations Of Ground, A. N. Tetior

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

There was applied three methods of tests of buildings, foundations and structures with seismic influences. There was a common peculiarity of all methods: dynamic influence come to test constructions from ground (similar to natural seismic influence). There was applied: inertian ground box, drop weight and vibromachine connecting with ground box.

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Prestressed Concrete Piles Under Seismic Loading: Case History, Mazen Adib, Willem C. B. Villet, Ahmed Nisar Apr 1995

Prestressed Concrete Piles Under Seismic Loading: Case History, Mazen Adib, Willem C. B. Villet, Ahmed Nisar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes the performance of 14-inch prestressed concrete piles, supporting a 10-story commercial building, during the 1989 Loma-Prieta Earthquake. Excavations were performed to expose several piles. Except for one comer pile, no significant damage was observed. Several cracks, indicating possible formation of a plastic hinge, were observed at the top of this corner pile. In general, the piles performed well during the M7 earthquake.

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Geotechnical Aspects Of Seismic Design Of Bridges In New York City, K. Kishore, S. K. Jain Apr 1995

Geotechnical Aspects Of Seismic Design Of Bridges In New York City, K. Kishore, S. K. Jain

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earthquake damage Civil engineering structure and bridges are no exception. Historically, bridges have proven to be vulnerable to earthquakes which cause damage to substructures and foundations and in some cases being totally destroyed as Superstructure collapse from their supporting elements. The bridges in New York City are required to comply with Specifications of American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The seismic design criteria has been recently introduced in these specifications and all bridge projects in New York City must comply with these requirements. The extent of seismic analysis required …

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Seismic Design Of Ribbed Foundation Plates, E. B. Koreneva Apr 1995

Seismic Design Of Ribbed Foundation Plates, E. B. Koreneva

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Circular foundation plates of variable thickness reinforced by ring ribs and resting on an elastic subgrade subjected to an action of seismic loads are investigated. Rigorous solutions of the posed problems are obtained.

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Spectral Study Of Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction Based On Observed Data, Fan Lang Kong, Roger Ghanem Apr 1995

Spectral Study Of Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction Based On Observed Data, Fan Lang Kong, Roger Ghanem

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Spectral analysis and system identification algorithm are used to analyze a set of acceleration response records obtained from a shaking table test. The method is based on the linear discrete time systems theory, and the soil-pile system can be represented as a linear filter of a finite order with time-varying coefficients. The recorded ground motion at the pile tip is the input, and the motion at the different level along the pile and the structure is the output of the filter. Knowing the input and output, the time varying parameters of the filter can be determined by using the system …

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Seismic Response Of Embankment Dams, L. Caldeira, P. Seco E Pinto, J. Bilé Serra Apr 1995

Seismic Response Of Embankment Dams, L. Caldeira, P. Seco E Pinto, J. Bilé Serra

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This study is intended as a contribution towards a better understanding of the seismic response of embankment dams. Laboratory tests for the determination of static and dynamic mechanical properties of the material are described. A parametric study is performed varying the main source of earthquakes, the height of the dam, the type of the materials and the core position (central and upstream sloping core). The dynamic analyses have made possible the identification of hazard scenarios and particularly the evaluation of stability and residual deformation of the dams.

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Gravel Liquefaction Analysis Of An Embankment Dam, D. Andrew Vessely, Nan Deng Apr 1995

Gravel Liquefaction Analysis Of An Embankment Dam, D. Andrew Vessely, Nan Deng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Prior to 1970, the majority of earth and rockfill dams were constructed with little regard for earthquake resistant design- especially in the Pacific Northwest which, at that time, was considered an area of low to moderate seismic activity. Since the early 1970's, and in particular since the near-catastrophic failure of the Lower San Fernando Dam in 1971, the vulnerability of hydraulic fill dams to pore pressure build-up and loss of strength as a result of earthquake shaking is well documented. In contrast, very few case histories exist on the liquefaction susceptibility of saturated gravel filters in zoned embankments. This paper …

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Model Parametric Studies Of The Earthquake Response Of The Embankment Dam, Hubert K. Law, Hon-Yim Ko Apr 1995

Model Parametric Studies Of The Earthquake Response Of The Embankment Dam, Hubert K. Law, Hon-Yim Ko

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Several centrifuge model dams were tested with the conditions similar to those of O'Neill Forebay Dam, California to examine the structural behavior under seismic excitation. A few experiments were carried out to study the performance of the dam, whose geometry was still the same as O'Neill Dam, but the soil properties were altered by adding some gravel or increasing the compaction density. The results of either test clearly demonstrated a stiffer response to seismic excitation than the model with the original prototype material properties. Characteristics of O'Neil! Forebay Dam with different structural modifications were examined. These included construction of a …

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Predicted And Observed Liquefaction Induced Deformations Of La Palma Dam, Hendra Jitno, Peter M. Byrne Apr 1995

Predicted And Observed Liquefaction Induced Deformations Of La Palma Dam, Hendra Jitno, Peter M. Byrne

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents a prediction of liquefaction induced deformation of La Palma dam due to the 1985 Chilean earthquake using a simplified pseudo-dynamic procedure. The procedure is essentially an extension of Newmark's method from a rigid-plastic single degree of freedom to a flexible multi degree of freedom system. It takes into account both the effects of the inertia forces from the earthquake and the softening of the liquefied soil. The results show that the predicted displacements are in general agreement with field observations both in terms of magnitude and pattern of deformations.

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Some Aspects Of Liquefaction Assessment Of Duncan Dam, V. S. Pillai, R. A. Stewart, H. D. Plewes Apr 1995

Some Aspects Of Liquefaction Assessment Of Duncan Dam, V. S. Pillai, R. A. Stewart, H. D. Plewes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A comprehensive program of field, laboratory and analytical investigations was carried out to assess the potential for liquefaction of the foundation soils and seismic stability of Duncan Dam. Duncan Oam is located on Duncan River in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The 39 m high zoned earthfill dam is founded on a thick sequence of sands, silts and gravels. The liquefaction studies were carried out in two phases between 1988 and 1992 to characterize in detail the engineering properties of the foundation soils; and to assess its potential for triggering liquefaction, and the post liquefaction stability and deformation of the dam …

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Effect Of Canyon Shape On Longitudi-Vibration Of Earth Dam, Zhi-Ying Xu Apr 1995

Effect Of Canyon Shape On Longitudi-Vibration Of Earth Dam, Zhi-Ying Xu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper, the effects of narrow and sloping canyons on the longitudinal dynamic response of earth dams is investigated by a simplified method for 3-D dynamic analysis. Analytical results for earth dams with several width to height ratios are compared with the results of plane strain solutions for comparable sections. For an embankment in a triangular valley with a width to height ratio of 1~2 and subjected to earthquake motions, the computed max. accelerations at the midsection were about 30 to 50% higher in a simplified 3-D response analysis than in a plane strain analysis. On the other hand …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Vi, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Vi, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Seismic Microzonation Of The City Of Puebla, Mexico, F. J. Chavez-Garcia, J. Cuenca, J. Lermo, H. Mijares Apr 1995

Seismic Microzonation Of The City Of Puebla, Mexico, F. J. Chavez-Garcia, J. Cuenca, J. Lermo, H. Mijares

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

We gathered information concerning the seismic response of the city of Puebla including: surface geology and hydrology, bore-hole data, damage information for two destructive earthquakes, and earthquake records in four strong motion instruments that have operated in the city. Additional data was obtained from three experiments: microtremor measurements in 39 points within the urban zone; installation and operation of a temporal digital seismograph network; a small scale refraction experiment. Consideration of all data together allows to draw a coherent picture of site effects in the urban zone. Based on these results, we propose a preliminary seismic microzonation map for the …

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Ground Motion Amplification Using Microseisms, John M. Ferritto Apr 1995

Ground Motion Amplification Using Microseisms, John M. Ferritto

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper discusses the use of microseism measurement as a tool to predict local site amplification. Systems analysis techniques can be applied to the microseism data to validate site properties used in wave propagation analysis. Spectral ratio was found to be inversely related to peak rock velocity for soft sites. Microseisms can be used on a normalized basis to extend spatial response information.

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Seismic Response Of A Linear, 2-D Model Of The Marina District, Bin Zhang, A. S. Papageorgiou Apr 1995

Seismic Response Of A Linear, 2-D Model Of The Marina District, Bin Zhang, A. S. Papageorgiou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The recorded response of the Marina District of the City of San Francisco to an aftershock of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake is simulated using a two-dimensional model of the sedimentary deposits. Even though the response of the Marina is truly three-dimensional, the two-dimensional model successfully captures some important aspects of the response and consequently may be useful for predicting strong ground motion in the Marina District for engineering applications.

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Use Of Microtremors For The Estimation Of Ground Vibration Characteristics, Mehedi A. Ansary, Mitsuyoshi Fuse, Fumio Yamazaki, Tsuneo Katayama Apr 1995

Use Of Microtremors For The Estimation Of Ground Vibration Characteristics, Mehedi A. Ansary, Mitsuyoshi Fuse, Fumio Yamazaki, Tsuneo Katayama

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Short-period micro tremor array observation is conducted at five sites in the Tokyo Metropolitan area of Japan. The Fourier spectra of horizontal and vertical components show variations in time, but their ratio is stable for different time instants. The characteristics of the amplitude ratio are similar to that of Rayleigh wave and the period correspond to the peak ratio correspond to the predominant period of the sites for shear wave propagation. A parametric study for two-layered models reveals that the peaks for Rayleigh wave and shear wave are close for the ground having large impedance ratio. The F-K spectrum analysis …

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Seismicity Of Jordan And Conterminous Countries, Abdallah I. Husein (Malkawi), Robert Y. Liang, Osama Kh. Nusier Apr 1995

Seismicity Of Jordan And Conterminous Countries, Abdallah I. Husein (Malkawi), Robert Y. Liang, Osama Kh. Nusier

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An up-to-date seismic hazard maps for Jordan and conterminous areas have been developed based on probabilistic approach. Such maps are intended to show the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with 90% probability of not being exceeded in a life time of 50, 100, and 200 years, respectively. The computer program FRISK was used for estimating the PGA. A suitable attenuation equation reported in the literature, along with up-to-date earthquake catalogue including all the earthquake events that occurred in Jordan and neighboring countries, were considered in this study. Altogether, ten seismic zones as potential of earthquake activities are identified in the assessment …

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Microzonation Studies For Lake Maracaibo Coastal Protection System, John P. Sully, Enrique Gajardo, Juan Murria, Jasinto Abi Saab Apr 1995

Microzonation Studies For Lake Maracaibo Coastal Protection System, John P. Sully, Enrique Gajardo, Juan Murria, Jasinto Abi Saab

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The methodology used for an initial seismic zonation is briefly introduced and then developed to provide details of a microzonation presently in progress for the Costa Oriental del Lago Maracaibo coastal dyke protection system. The microzonation is focused towards the evaluation of dynamic site response of selected representative soil profiles. The results of the study are to be applied for evaluation of seismic stability and deformation mechanisms for the coastal dyke system with a view to defining remedial measures for critical sections of the linear earth structure.

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Seismic Response Of 20-Valleys: Local Site Effects, K. E. Loukakis, J. Bielak Apr 1995

Seismic Response Of 20-Valleys: Local Site Effects, K. E. Loukakis, J. Bielak

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Layering and geometry effects on ground response of two-dimensional sedimentary valleys under oblique seismic excitation are investigated. The seismic wave has the shape of a half cycle incoming pulse with SV-wave characteristics. Vertical and oblique incoming signals of varying duration are used. The analysis is performed using finite element techniques, an equivalent effective force method to prescribe the free field motion within the domain of computation, and an artificial boundary to absorb the scattered motion. Simple examples are presented confirming the validity of this methodology. It is shown that surface waves generated at the valley edges propagate through the basin …

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The Role Of Rotational Shear In Site Response Analyses, X. S. Li, C. K. Shen Apr 1995

The Role Of Rotational Shear In Site Response Analyses, X. S. Li, C. K. Shen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Rotational shear is a class of loading under which the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor, J, is kept constant during shear. A limited number of undrained tests on saturated loose sand have shown that rotational shear yields more pore pressure than other shear paths of the same J magnitude. By intuition, this experimental finding seems to suggest that soil subjected to multi-directional earthquake loading, which bears the characteristics of the rotational shear, has lower liquefaction resistance than that under unidirectional shaking. However, in contrast to intuition, a preliminary but careful examination of the field stress and boundary conditions …

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