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Articles 32281 - 32310 of 40029

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Shaking Table Tests And Numerical Simulation Of Seismic Response Of The Seawall, Y. Nishimura, S. Fukui, M. Sato, H. Kurose, M. Fujitani Apr 1995

Shaking Table Tests And Numerical Simulation Of Seismic Response Of The Seawall, Y. Nishimura, S. Fukui, M. Sato, H. Kurose, M. Fujitani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Shaking table tests of a caisson seawall model were conducted to investigate sliding phenomena of the seawall. The response characteristics of the caisson placed on the mound which was fixed to the shaking table were investigated in the six series of experiments with varying the situation of the model; with or without backfill, wave breaking works and water. These test results were utilized to validate a two-dimensional FEM analysis method with joint elements. The numerical model with the finer mesh division and joint elements showed fairly close results with the series of test results, resulting the better representation of the …

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Soil-Diaphragm Wall Interaction In Floating Dam, H. Watanabe, K. Kanazawa Apr 1995

Soil-Diaphragm Wall Interaction In Floating Dam, H. Watanabe, K. Kanazawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Stability of embankment dam with diaphragm cutoff wall constructed on riverbed sediment depends on structural behavior of local part around top of the wall. A numerical method to evaluate static and dynamic behavior of the part including earth pressure concentration is proposed and the validity is confirmed by comparison of numerical results of full construction process with observed ones in a prototype dam. Besides, in-situ vibration tests are performed on testing diaphragm wall constructed in dam site for banking test to reveal dynamic behavior of the wall. Furthermore, earthquake response analysis of whole structure is carried out to clarify behavior …

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Dynamic Active Earth Pressure Against Retaining Walls, S. A. Anvar, A. Ghahramani Apr 1995

Dynamic Active Earth Pressure Against Retaining Walls, S. A. Anvar, A. Ghahramani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Equations of equilibrium expressed along the stress characteristics are transformed onto the Zero Extension Line (ZEL) directions. The new dynamic equilibrium equations are then applied to simple ZEL field (composed of Rankine, Goursat, and Coulomb zones) behind retaining walls. Integration of differential equilibrium equations along the assumed field boundary, thus provide the final equations for the active static (Kast) and dynamic (Kady) earth pressure coefficients, which are functions of friction and dilation angles of the soil and friction angle of the wall surface. Numerical evaluation of Kast, and Kady indicates that these coefficients …

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Dynamic Response Of Soil Pressure On Retaining Wall, Kerning Sun, Gao Lin Apr 1995

Dynamic Response Of Soil Pressure On Retaining Wall, Kerning Sun, Gao Lin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An effective numerical method for the dynamic analysis of soil pressures on retaining walls has been proposed. In this approach, the retaining wall is considered as a vertical flexible beam and the soil is assumed to be a linear-elastic material with hysteretic damping. The analysis procedure of proposed method, compared with some alternative numerical methods, (such as finite element method), will greatly reduce the computational effort. The properties and the significance of some model parameters, such as hysteretic materials damping and stiffness ratio of flexible beam and soil, are also investigated. As a special case when the retaining wall is …

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Dynamics Of Rigid Foundations On Fluid-Saturated Soil, A. R. Khoee, A. M. Kaynia Apr 1995

Dynamics Of Rigid Foundations On Fluid-Saturated Soil, A. R. Khoee, A. M. Kaynia

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents a three-dimensional boundary element formulation for the steady-state dynamic analysis of fluid saturated porous media. The coupled differential equations are derived from the field equations by the application of the Fourier Transform. The boundary integral formulation is obtained by the weighted residual method and the associated fundamental solutions are obtained by the method developed by Kupradze. The boundary element model is used to obtain compliance functions of square rigid foundations bonded to the surface of a water-saturated half-space. The effect of the soil permeability on the variation of the compliance functions is also examined.

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Recommendations Of A Workshop For A Soil-Structure Interaction Experiment, M. Celebi, J. E. Luco Apr 1995

Recommendations Of A Workshop For A Soil-Structure Interaction Experiment, M. Celebi, J. E. Luco

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A workshop held in 1992 (Celebi et al., 1992) brought together a panel of experts (a) to reach a consensus on the benefits and feasibility of instrumenting a building in a seismically active region of the United States to study specifically the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI), and (b) to define the parameters of a SSI experiment. The recommendations of the workshop and the current status of the SSI experiment are described herein.

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Evaluation Of Seismic Response Of Pile-Supported Structures With 3-D Nonlinear Approach, Y. X. Cai, P. L. Gould, C. S. Desai Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Seismic Response Of Pile-Supported Structures With 3-D Nonlinear Approach, Y. X. Cai, P. L. Gould, C. S. Desai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The seismic response of pile-supported structures is evaluated using a three-dimensional finite element subsystem methodology with an advanced plasticity based constitutive model for soils. The motion of the pile foundation is amplified due to the soil-pile-structure interaction. The dynamic internal forces of the structures obtained by the 3-D nonlinear approach deviate significantly from those obtained by the rigid ground motion model. The structures are generally subjected to three-dimensional forces and couples, despite the type of bedrock seismic excitation and the configuration of structures. Some components of the dynamic internal forces may be overlooked if the simplified symmetric models are used …

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Seismic Behavior Of A Diaphragm Wall Tank, C. M. Gilbert, A. Laforce, M. A. Baudement Apr 1995

Seismic Behavior Of A Diaphragm Wall Tank, C. M. Gilbert, A. Laforce, M. A. Baudement

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A buried tank, consisting of unit diaphragm walls with no mechanical connection between them, has been studied under seismic loads. Soil structure interaction analyses, using a visco-elastic model for the soil have been carried out with two- and three dimensional models. A technical solution to ensure the stability of such a tank is proposed.

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Efficient Evaluation Of Dynamic Impedance, Gao Lin, Huai-Hai Chen Apr 1995

Efficient Evaluation Of Dynamic Impedance, Gao Lin, Huai-Hai Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An efficient algorithm for the calculation of dynamic impedance of viscoelastic multilayered media is presented. The wavenumber integral over infinite limits are split into two subintervals, the first one is dominated by the plane waves while the second is dominated by the surface Rayleigh waves. Though the integrand of the first one is characterized by dense oscillations and sharp peaks, its integration covers very narrow range and can be evaluated sufficiently accurately with dense sampling points. The integrand of second one varies very smoothly and can be determined analytically, the integration is easy to perform. The advantages of the present …

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Seismic Vibration Of Nuclear Power Station Building, V. G. Bedniakov, S. S. Nefedov, N. S. Shvets Apr 1995

Seismic Vibration Of Nuclear Power Station Building, V. G. Bedniakov, S. S. Nefedov, N. S. Shvets

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Reactor Building is considered as a system with concentrated masses. The movement of the system is described with account of elastic component, shear and rotation of the base relatively foundation. Seismic excitation is described by set of accelerogramms. The equations of movement are solved using complex modal analysis. Natural frequencies are acceleration functions for masses of the system are defined.

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Dynamic Properties Of A Granular Soil, F. Rodriguez-Roa, G. Palma Apr 1995

Dynamic Properties Of A Granular Soil, F. Rodriguez-Roa, G. Palma

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The variation of the Dynamic Shear Modulus, G, and Damping Ratio, D, in a coarse grained alluvial soil from the Santiago area, Chile, is analyzed when changes occur in its grain size distribution, degree of compaction, confining pressure, magnitude of the cyclic deviator stress, and number of applied loading loops. Using statistical techniques it was possible to determine the degree of influence of each one of such factors in the magnitude of G and D. Further, the experimental error derived from laboratory tests measurements could be evaluated. The Hyperbolic Model shows a better performance than the Ramber-Osgood Model when theoretical …

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Changes Of Yield Stress Of Sand During Undrained Cyclic Loading, Y. Tanaka, K. Shirakawa Apr 1995

Changes Of Yield Stress Of Sand During Undrained Cyclic Loading, Y. Tanaka, K. Shirakawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this study, the yield locus of sand being subjected to several cycles of undrained loading was investigated by using the triaxial testing device capable of measuring the acoustic emission, AE, of soil. The AE measurement indicates that the undrained shear on isotropically consolidated sand changes the shape of yield locus so as to have more kinematic hardening type of yield locus. More importantly, a change occurred in the size of yield locus, and the undrained loading has reduced the size of yield locus. Subsequent undrained cyclic loadings further reduced the size of yield locus so that there were some …

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Settlements Of Breakwater On Soft Seabed Ground Under Ocean Waves, J. Zhou, K. Yasuhara Apr 1995

Settlements Of Breakwater On Soft Seabed Ground Under Ocean Waves, J. Zhou, K. Yasuhara

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A procedure for predicting the wave induced excess pore water pressure and residual strain of clay using the results of cyclic triaxial tests on the reconstituted Ariake clay is described. Thereafter, the results of a numerical analysis by a 2-D dynamic effective stress FEM for a breakwater on a soft clay are presented.

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Earth Pressure Variations Under Cyclic Surcharges, S. M. Mir Mohammad Hosseini Apr 1995

Earth Pressure Variations Under Cyclic Surcharges, S. M. Mir Mohammad Hosseini

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

There are a tremendous studies in literature about the earth pressure, most of them are concentrated on the static loading conditions. The problems of earth pressure under dynamic loadings are still the case of studies. In this paper the results of an experimental studies about variations of earth pressure at rest under different vertical cyclic loadings are presented. Cubical soil samples of 15 cm dimensions were subjected to vertical cyclic stresses and induced lateral pressure behind the rigid side walls of the soil were measured accurately. A dry and uniform sand was used and the samples were prepared by the …

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Static And Dynamic Strength Properties Of A Fiber-Reinforced Compacted Cohesive Soil, R. M. Ai Wahab, G. B. Heckel Apr 1995

Static And Dynamic Strength Properties Of A Fiber-Reinforced Compacted Cohesive Soil, R. M. Ai Wahab, G. B. Heckel

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Soil reinforcement with randomly oriented, individual synthetic fibers has been applied to laboratory specimens of a compacted cohesive soil. Fiber contents of up to 1.0% by soil dry weight were mixed with the soil. Data from unconfined compression (static) testing and resilient modulus (dynamic) testing have been presented. Experimental work showed that the fibers increased the soil unconfined compressive strength, ductility, toughness, static and dynamic energy absorption capacities, the resilient strain and the number of cycles to failure. The soil resilient modulus and the permanent strain both decreased with the increase in fiber content.

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Efficiency Of An Energy-Dissipating Barrier, M. P. Luong Apr 1995

Efficiency Of An Energy-Dissipating Barrier, M. P. Luong

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The proposed paper describes some experimental procedures, used in (a) laboratory to recognize the energy-dissipating ability of soil and (b) in centrifuge to generate in-flight stress waves propagating through a centrifugal soil mass in order to investigate the efficiency of a stress wave mitigation barrier. The screening principle of this new type of energy-dissipating barrier has been suggested by the dissipative behavior of sandy soils, evidenced by infrared vibrothermography.

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Soil-Pile-Structure During Liquefaction On Centrifuge, Masayoshi Sato, Yasuhiro Shamoto, Jian-Min Zhang Apr 1995

Soil-Pile-Structure During Liquefaction On Centrifuge, Masayoshi Sato, Yasuhiro Shamoto, Jian-Min Zhang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Larger scale dynamic centrifuge modeling has been used to examine the behavior of a soilpile-structure system during earthquake-induced liquefaction. The model consisting of a 3 x 3-pile supported structure and a saturated sand deposit was constructed in a laminar container with the inside dimensions of 74-cm length, 50-cm height and 34-cm width. Test results show that liquefaction occurred only within a finite zone in the saturated sand deposit subjected to a strong input shaking that corresponds to a maximum earthquake acceleration of 0.3 g induced probably in actual ground, which agrees well with the results of earthquake damage investigation; moreover, …

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Centrifuge Modeling Of A Tilting Wall With Liquefiable Backfill, N.-H. Ting, R. V. Whitman Apr 1995

Centrifuge Modeling Of A Tilting Wall With Liquefiable Backfill, N.-H. Ting, R. V. Whitman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A series of dynamic centrifuge tests was carried out to simulate the seismic behaviors of an idealized model retaining wall and the liquefiable backfill supported by the wall. The wall is hinged at the base and is supported near the top by an anchor with finite strength. Eighteen tests with various peak accelerations were applied to six saturated sand models prepared at two relative densities and with two pore fluid viscosities. Permanent tilt in the wall as a result of temporary failure of the anchor occurred in some tests. Results from tests without anchor failures were used to form a …

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Dynamic Deformation Characteristics Of Rockfill Materials From Laboratory Test, In-Situ Test And Earthquake Motion Analysis, Tomoya Lwashita, Nario Yasuda, Akira Nakamura, Osamu Takeda Apr 1995

Dynamic Deformation Characteristics Of Rockfill Materials From Laboratory Test, In-Situ Test And Earthquake Motion Analysis, Tomoya Lwashita, Nario Yasuda, Akira Nakamura, Osamu Takeda

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

On dynamic analyses of rockfill dams, dynamic deformation characteristics of rockfill materials such as shear moduli and damping ratios must be known to make analysis more accurate. In this study, large-scale cyclic triaxial tests were carried out using rockfill materials of actual dams, and the results were compared with the dynamic deformation characteristics obtained by in-situ geophysical explorations and response analyses of earthquake motions observed at dams. Furthermore, the radiation damping ratio was estimated from response analyses and laboratory tests, and then the frequency and strain dependency characteristics of the radiation damping were evaluated.

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Microconcrete Subjected To Static And Dynamic Compression Loadings, Bassam Hwaija Apr 1995

Microconcrete Subjected To Static And Dynamic Compression Loadings, Bassam Hwaija

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The object of our paper is to consider the influence of the particularly important factor, and to achieve a model describing the behavior of the microconcrete. The specimens have been loaded in rates ranging from 0.0001 to 800 (1/s). The results are discussed available in the literature.

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Permanent Displacements And Tilting Angle Of Small Footings On Sand, H. V. P. Truong, P. J. Moore Apr 1995

Permanent Displacements And Tilting Angle Of Small Footings On Sand, H. V. P. Truong, P. J. Moore

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents the comparison between the proposed theoretical prediction and experimental results of horizontal and vertical permanent displacements, and tilting angle of small rigid square and rectangular footings on relatively uniform sand. Old and new lumped parameters for different modes of vibrations, i.e. horizontal, vertical and rocking vibrations are used in the analysis. Some good agreement is found between the theory with the new lumped parameters and experiments, but the relevant dynamic soil properties are still the most critical parameters that need to be measured. Finally, effects of frequency and rocking heights are also investigated.

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Dynamic Centrifuge Experiment On A Cantilever Retaining Wall, M. M. Dewoolkar, A. T. Stadler, S. N. Batiste, H. Y. Ko, R. Y. S. Pak Apr 1995

Dynamic Centrifuge Experiment On A Cantilever Retaining Wall, M. M. Dewoolkar, A. T. Stadler, S. N. Batiste, H. Y. Ko, R. Y. S. Pak

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic loads on a tall, cantilever retaining wall were studied using centrifuge modeling. An aluminum wall (55' prototype) retaining dry, cohesionless backfill was subjected to two successive dynamic events. The backfill surface was horizontal and even with the top of the wall. The input motion was supplied via a servo-controlled, electro-hydraulic shake table. The input motion was roughly sinusoidal with peak horizontal accelerations of approximately 0.2g and 0.4g for the first and second dynamic events, respectively. The input motion frequency was 1 hz at prototype scale. Lateral earth pressures on the wall, wall displacement, and accelerations of the wall and …

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KOd Apparatus, Type Tk-1, Longgen Zhu, Lizhi Xu, Jian Du Apr 1995

KOd Apparatus, Type Tk-1, Longgen Zhu, Lizhi Xu, Jian Du

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The lateral pressure coefficient Kod of soil under the cyclic load is an important parameter in designing structures against wave, earthquake, and wind. The Lateral Pressure Coefficient Apparatus, Type TK-1 under the cyclic load, written in the simplified form of Kod Apparatus, Type TK-1, is especially developed to study and determine Kod. Its structure, specifications and test results have shown that this apparatus has superior performances, met the requirements to study and determine Kod.

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Application Of Deep Compaction Techniques To Liquefaction Prevention, G. Armijo, P. Sola, C. Oteo Apr 1995

Application Of Deep Compaction Techniques To Liquefaction Prevention, G. Armijo, P. Sola, C. Oteo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This article analyzes the application of dynamic compaction, vibroflotation and vibroreplacement (stone columns) to liquefaction prevention. The ground types to which they can be applied, the depths that can be reached and the degree of improvement that can be obtained are all studied. Finally, and on the basis of the above, basic guidelines are given for the design of ground improvement with these techniques and for the aforementioned purpose.

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North Morecambe Terminal, Barrow, Ground Stabilisation And Pile Foundations, C. A. Raison, B. C. Slocombe, A. L. Bell, J. I. Baez Apr 1995

North Morecambe Terminal, Barrow, Ground Stabilisation And Pile Foundations, C. A. Raison, B. C. Slocombe, A. L. Bell, J. I. Baez

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Very poor ground conditions and soils that were susceptible to liquefaction to depths of up to 20m beneath the site were major problems for the construction of the largest natural gas processing terminal in Europe. An innovative foundation solution combining deep vibro compaction with short cast in place piles driven into the treated soils was adopted as both cost and programme effective. The Design and Build project also included advance civils work comprising earthworks, drainage and road construction. The contract started in September 1991 and was completed by October 1992, with the process plant programmed to be on-stream by October …

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A Simple Model For Pore Pressure Build-Up Of Soil Under Dynamic Loadings, J. H. Hwang, C. H. Chen Apr 1995

A Simple Model For Pore Pressure Build-Up Of Soil Under Dynamic Loadings, J. H. Hwang, C. H. Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simple pore pressure build-up model is introduced in this paper to simulate the effective-stress paths of saturated soils subjected to dynamic loadings. It is a five-parameter model in which two pairs of two parameters are used to define the effective-stress paths during the loading phases of first cycle and post-phase-transformations, respectively, and a dynamic pore pressure parameter is judiciously introduced to represent the increment of pore pressure due to shear loading in between the previous two phases. All parameters can be easily deduced from conventional undrained triaxial tests. Satisfactory results have been achieved for case studies including published results …

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Liquefaction During The 1991 April 22 Telire-Limon Earthquake And Correlations With The Methods Of Seed And Iwasaki, Per Hafström, Jan Skogsberg, Anders Bodare Apr 1995

Liquefaction During The 1991 April 22 Telire-Limon Earthquake And Correlations With The Methods Of Seed And Iwasaki, Per Hafström, Jan Skogsberg, Anders Bodare

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Sites within the area affected by liquefaction due to the 22 April 1991 Limón-Telire earthquake, have been investigated in order to compare the results of some empirical methods with the incidents observed during the earthquake. The purpose of this comparison was to suggest a suitable method to be used when assessing the risk for liquefaction in Costa Rica in the future.

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A Procedure To Assess The Stability Of Buried Structures Against Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformations, M. Satoh, M. Hamada, R. Isoyama, A. Hatakeyama Apr 1995

A Procedure To Assess The Stability Of Buried Structures Against Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformations, M. Satoh, M. Hamada, R. Isoyama, A. Hatakeyama

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

First, an empirical formula to predict the magnitude of permanent ground displacement is proposed based on the observed data at the past earthquake events. Next, a simplified procedure to estimate the failure probability of buried pipes is proposed, in which the model of non-linear beam supported by ground spring elements is used to calculate the strain in the pipe by following the response displacement method. Finally, a simplified method to obtain the probability considering failure modes expected to occur in the pipe is proposed and some numerical example showing the probability and discussions follow.

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Seismic Safety Retrofit Of Second Narrows Bridge Foundations Geotechnical Design Aspects, U. D. Atukorafa, D. Wijawlckl'ema, T. P. Fltzell, N. R. Mccammon Apr 1995

Seismic Safety Retrofit Of Second Narrows Bridge Foundations Geotechnical Design Aspects, U. D. Atukorafa, D. Wijawlckl'ema, T. P. Fltzell, N. R. Mccammon

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The geotechnical engineering analyses carried out for the seismic safety retrofit design of Second Narrows Bridge located in Vancouver, Canada, are presented. The work involved detailed ground response analyses to evaluate the liquefaction potential of site soils, the development of a series of numerical models to assess the pattern and magnitude of liquefaction-induced ground displacements, and to analytically evaluate the ground displacements with potential ground improvements.

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Liquefaction Case Study Of Volcanic Gravel Layer During 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki Earthquake, T. Kokusho, Y. Tanaka, K. Kudo, T. Kawai Apr 1995

Liquefaction Case Study Of Volcanic Gravel Layer During 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki Earthquake, T. Kokusho, Y. Tanaka, K. Kudo, T. Kawai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

During the Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki Earthquake, a high-land area around the foot of the volcano, Mt. Komagatake, in Hokkaido in Northern Japan experienced liquefaction phenomena inflicting damages of differential settlement in some tens of houses in the area. Several kinds of geotechnical site investigations were carried out to study the cause of the damage in a typical liquefaction site. Trenching and geological survey disclosed that Holocene debris avalanche deposit containing a plenty of large rocks actually liquefied. The undrained cyclic triaxial test was carried out on large intact samples taken out by the in-situ freezing sampling. The stress ratio measured in the …

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