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Articles 32341 - 32370 of 40029

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

The Dahshour (Egypt) Earthquake Of 12th Of October 1992, M. M. Soliman Apr 1995

The Dahshour (Egypt) Earthquake Of 12th Of October 1992, M. M. Soliman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

On the 12th of October, 1992 an earthquake of 5. 7 moment magnitude hit Dahshour (Egypt) and the surrounding area. The characteristics of the building stock exposed to this earthquake is firstly presented in the paper. Then, the Dahshour earthquake is discussed in terms of the lessons that can be learned by engineers. The paper presents a short description of the geotechnical effects and the observed patterns of damage of the existing building categories and monuments. Finally, a list of the most important conclusions is introduced.

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Observed Surface Breakage Due To Strike-Slip Faulting, C. A. Lazarte, J. D. Bray Apr 1995

Observed Surface Breakage Due To Strike-Slip Faulting, C. A. Lazarte, J. D. Bray

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents observations from field studies and physical model tests to investigate the response of soil deposits to strike-slip bedrock faulting. The study is relevant to developing mitigation technique against fault-induced damage in structures located near potentially active faults. Observations of ground rupture patterns in alluvial materials following the 1992 Landers earthquake are presented. Particularly important are the observations of significant deformation away from the main trace, the width of the shear zone, and the effects of the surficial geology on the fault expression. Preliminary results from small-scale model tests simulating strike-slip rupture are also presented. The tests results …

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Review Of Geotechnical Investigations Resulting From The Roermond April 13, 1992 Earthquake, P. M. Maurenbrecher, A. Den Outer, H. J. Luger Apr 1995

Review Of Geotechnical Investigations Resulting From The Roermond April 13, 1992 Earthquake, P. M. Maurenbrecher, A. Den Outer, H. J. Luger

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In 1987 the Engineering Geology section of the Delft University of Technology carried out a survey of the SE Netherlands to determine which areas were susceptible to liquefaction based on soil profile, groundwater levels and a Richter scale magnitude 6 earthquake along the principal rift fault through the Netherlands, the Peelrand fault system. The fault system has been active since the Triassic and forms part of the Rhine-North Sea rift system. The last major earthquake along the Peelrand fault was in 1933. Recently, in 1992, A 5.8 magnitude earthquake occurred at Roermond, near to the Dutch-German border. Though damage resulting …

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Dynamic Modeling Of Layered Systems To Moving Surface Loads: Applications, Raj Siddharthan, Gary M. Norris, Mahmoud El-Gamal Apr 1995

Dynamic Modeling Of Layered Systems To Moving Surface Loads: Applications, Raj Siddharthan, Gary M. Norris, Mahmoud El-Gamal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Two important application of a recently developed moving load model are described. The model uses an efficient semi analytical "finite layer" formulation of the porous medium. One application is a response of a layered sandy nonlinear porous medium, while the other is a viscoelastic pavement layer system. The study reveals that the properties of the layers and porefluid and the moving velocity of the load are important factors that affect the response of the layered system.

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Theoretical Investigations On The Nakamura's Technique, C. Lachet, P. Y. Bard Apr 1995

Theoretical Investigations On The Nakamura's Technique, C. Lachet, P. Y. Bard

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

We use synthetic calculations to investigate the spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components (H/V ratio), derived from noise simulation, in order to appreciate the reliability of the so-called Nakamura's method for site effects applications. This ratio shows a peak whose position generally coincides with the fundamental resonance frequency. We show that this position is independent of the source function, whereas it is characteristic of the geological structure. We also compare these results with those obtained for vertical S waves and Rayleigh waves, in order to better understand the significance of this HIV peak. Finally, we show that the amplitude …

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Longitudinal Waves In A Rod In An Elastic Medium, A. Bodare, I. K. Eriksson, K. Samuelsson Apr 1995

Longitudinal Waves In A Rod In An Elastic Medium, A. Bodare, I. K. Eriksson, K. Samuelsson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The general equations for the propagation of longitudinal waves in an infinite cylindrical rod including the effect of a surrounding elastic medium have been derived in order to obtain the relationship between the circular frequency and the wave number. A comparison has then been made with the Smith model in order to investigate the limits of the model and to refine the expressions for the spring and damming constants.

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Analysis Of Inclined Shear Waves In Vertical Bluffs, S. A. Ashford, N. Sitar Apr 1995

Analysis Of Inclined Shear Waves In Vertical Bluffs, S. A. Ashford, N. Sitar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The effect of inclined shear waves on the seismic response of vertical bluffs is analyzed using the generalized hyperelement. The bluffs are modeled as a stepped halfspace in the frequency domain. It is shown that the response, normalized as a function of slope height (H) divided by wavelength (λ), is amplified for waves travelling into the slope and attenuation for waves travelling away from the slope. This amplification can be as much as twice the amplification for vertically propagating waves. The results of the analysis suggest that wave orientation and inclination in relation to the slope may need to be …

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Dispersion Of Longitudinal Waves Propagating In A Continuum With Randomly Perturbated Parameters, J. Náprstek Apr 1995

Dispersion Of Longitudinal Waves Propagating In A Continuum With Randomly Perturbated Parameters, J. Náprstek

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The author investigates the propagation of wave motion in a continuum the material parameters of which are random functions of longitudinal coordinate. The analysis is based on the theory of Markov processes and the subsequent solution on the respective Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation. The fully deterministic response in the excitation point transforms into nonhomogeneous random process in the longitudinal coordinate with the growing distance. The quota of the deterministic component in overall response drops until it disappears completely. The model of uncorrelated imperfections (white noise) of the continuum is inacceptable, because it is at variance with the energy equilibrium law. The results …

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Effect Of Magnitude And Type Of Damping On Soil Amplification, Jose M. Roesset, Carlos I. Huerta, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii Apr 1995

Effect Of Magnitude And Type Of Damping On Soil Amplification, Jose M. Roesset, Carlos I. Huerta, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Soil Amplification studies conducted to obtain site specific seismic motions at the free surface of a soil deposit or at any other elevation (convolution process), or to determine compatible base motions at a given depth for soil structure interaction analyses (deconvolution) assume, when performed in the frequency domain simulating nonlinear soil behavior through an iterative linear analysis, that the internal soil damping is of a linear hysteretic nature. This tends to filter out excessively the high frequency components of motion for convolution studies and leads to eventual instability of the solution at a given depth (function of the soil properties) …

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Elastic Models Of Rock Due To Explosion Pressures, Sanga Tangchawal Apr 1995

Elastic Models Of Rock Due To Explosion Pressures, Sanga Tangchawal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Basic theories of wave pulse initiated from conventional blasting were reviewed. Mechanics of various stress wave forms of explosion pressure were proved. A new suggested solution of displacement potential by Rinehart instead of Sharpe or Duvall's suggestion, was used to find the optimum solution. From the mathematical research models, in which they were written as a package program in C language and used Microsoft visual basic as user interface, they proved that a typical cylindrical charge explosion in a bench may take on some of the characteristics of a concentrated charge explosion.

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Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh Apr 1995

Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Concept of isolating structures from the effects of ground shaking has been discussed for many years. Its practical application was delayed until the successful development has been made. One of the easiest and lowest cost of base isolation system is the sliding or pure friction type that can be used for unreinforced forced masonry bearing wall building. This type of building are very common in different parts of Iran. Preliminary studies have indicated that the represented system for small buildings situated in the seismic region works very well.

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Dynamic Behavior Of Beijing Sandy Clay And The Dynamic Responses Of Beijing Subway To Traffic Vibrations, C. S. Pan, W. Cui, D. Li, F. Gao Apr 1995

Dynamic Behavior Of Beijing Sandy Clay And The Dynamic Responses Of Beijing Subway To Traffic Vibrations, C. S. Pan, W. Cui, D. Li, F. Gao

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Experiments were carried out for the Beijing sandy clay using a triaxial apparatus Model DTC- 240 (JAPAN) with the dynamic characteristics of the soil obtained and formulated. The test data were applied to the 2-D and 3-D finite element analyses for the dynamic responses of Beijing Subway to traffic vibrations. Resulte acquired from the numerical analyses happened to be in good coincidence with the measured responses.

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Development Of New Stiffness And Damping Expressions For Footing Vibrations, H. V. P. Truong, P. J. Moore Apr 1995

Development Of New Stiffness And Damping Expressions For Footing Vibrations, H. V. P. Truong, P. J. Moore

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

New expressions for stiffness and radiation damping, which have been developed for a new forcing function, are based on the simple equation of wave propagation in a perfectly elastic half space for different modes of vibrations, particularly vertical and horizontal vibrations. A differential equation including the effect of foundation mass is presented and the results of the amplitudes of vibration obtained from this differential equation are compared with those in the standard differential equation in soil dynamics textbooks. Furthermore, added soil masses for vertical and horizontal vibrations are also derived based on the equation of wave propagation and discussed with …

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Interaction Of Adjacent Vibratory Machines, J. P. Lee, J. A. Bohinsky Apr 1995

Interaction Of Adjacent Vibratory Machines, J. P. Lee, J. A. Bohinsky

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Due to inevitable unbalanced masses that always exist, a rotating machine will experience vibration to various extent depending on the characteristics of loads and support conditions. When two pieces of vibratory machines are installed close to each other, the vibration of either machine may further be amplified by the interaction between the two machines. In this paper, the interaction effect between two adjacent vibratory machines supported on a flexible floor was investigated. It was found that for the case investigated, the most critical condition occurred when the unbalanced forces were out-of-phase.

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Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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The Northridge Earthquake Of 1994: Ground Motions And Geotechnical Aspects, M. K. Yegian, G. V. Ghahraman, G. Gazetas, P. Dakoulas, N. Makris Apr 1995

The Northridge Earthquake Of 1994: Ground Motions And Geotechnical Aspects, M. K. Yegian, G. V. Ghahraman, G. Gazetas, P. Dakoulas, N. Makris

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Following the January 1994 Northridge Earthquake in Southern California, the authors traveled to Los Angeles and surveyed the earthquake damage region. Subsequently, seismologic, geologic and ground motion data were compiled and evaluated. This paper presents our observations and evaluation of: geologic and soil effects; soil-structure interaction; liquefaction; slope failures and rock slides; and ground deformations.

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A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays Apr 1995

A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Prior to the M 6.8 Northridge, California, earthquake, the two principal scenarios for Southern California were based on a recurrence of a great earthquake (M 8.25) on the San Andreas Fault system and a moderate earthquake (M 6.5) on the Newport-Inglewood fault zone. Like the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake, the new scenario event--a blind thrust fault beneath Los Angeles--is expected to generate very high levels of ground shaking (acceleration, velocity, displacement, spectral response) in the epicentral region, trigger ground failure over a wide area; cause extensive damage to the built environment; and test all aspects of the earthquake risk …

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Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr. Apr 1995

Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of 22landfills in the Los Angeles area during the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake has been investigated. Observations of damage at these landfills indicate that the overall performance of solid waste landfills was encouraging. None of the surveyed landfills showed any signs of major damage. However, one geosynthetic-lined landfill experienced two tears in the geomembrane liner. Most landfills within 30 km of the zone of energy release experienced some form of cracking in the soil cover. Beyond approximately 40 km from the zone of energy release, little to no damage was observed.

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Northridge Earthquake — Van Norman Complex Ground Movement, C. A. Davis, J. P. Bardet Apr 1995

Northridge Earthquake — Van Norman Complex Ground Movement, C. A. Davis, J. P. Bardet

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake severely shook the Van Norman Complex, in the northern San Fernando Valley. Located in the nearfield, over the vicinity of the ruptured fault, the Van Norman Complex was subjected to many types of ground movements, including strong ground motions, tectonic displacements, ground deformation of natural soil deposits, and deformation of embankments and other engineered fills. The complex provides a well-documented case of how these various types of ground movements interact and their effects on engineered facilities. Throughout the complex, sand boils, liquefaction induced lateral spreading, and ground cracks were observed. Eleven water retaining embankments, …

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Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret Apr 1995

Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Different numerical approaches for the analysis of earthquake triggered landslides are studied. Improved simplified models are developed and their performance for evaluating the response of natural slopes subjected to earthquakes is studied. Using more sophisticated numerical techniques the influence of several factors such as the hydro mechanical behavior assumptions, 1D vs. 2D geometry, and the input motion are assessed. 2D computations have shown that the kinematics of the slope motion is largely affected by the geometry of the slope. As far as the soil behavior is concerned, the results indicate that introduction of progressive yielding in the soil model provides …

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National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods Apr 1995

National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The cost of and time required for site characterization in preparation for field experimentation often exceeds the cost and time of performing the experiment. For this reason alone, there is a need for well characterized field experimentation sites. The additional advantage of being able to compare measurements of so1l and rock parameters by new methods with measurements of the same parameters by other methods in well-known materials is very beneficial to the geotechnical community. Finally, the need to perform full scale earth structure experiments dictates a need for well characterized and user friendly sites where large experiments can be performed. …

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Distribution Of Structural Damage In Nishinomiya City And The Eastward Suffered From The Great Hanshin (Hyogoken Nanbu) Earthquake Of January 16, 1995, Kensuke Baba Apr 1995

Distribution Of Structural Damage In Nishinomiya City And The Eastward Suffered From The Great Hanshin (Hyogoken Nanbu) Earthquake Of January 16, 1995, Kensuke Baba

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A powerful earthquake was caused in the northern region of the Awajishima Island, Japan, on 16 January 1995, and many human lives, structures and facilities suffered fatal damage from the seismic motions in the Hanshin' (Osaka-Kobe) region. The epicenter was located 20 kilometers below the ground surface and the seismic magnitude was 7.2 on Japan Meteorological scale. The aftershocks have been observed in a slender zone oriented to the northeast and stretching to a northern limit on the west-east trending Arima-Takatsuki fault line, which is analogous to the geological area accompanied with the tectonic collapse (Fig. 1).

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Disclaimer, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Disclaimer, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Proceedings, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Proceedings, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Conference Photos, Multiple People Apr 1995

Conference Photos, Multiple People

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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List Of Participants, Multiple Participants Apr 1995

List Of Participants, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Dynamic Shear Modulus And Damping Ratio Predicted By A Unified 3-D Critical State Bounding Surface Plasticity Model, John P. Wolf, Roger S. Crouch Apr 1995

Dynamic Shear Modulus And Damping Ratio Predicted By A Unified 3-D Critical State Bounding Surface Plasticity Model, John P. Wolf, Roger S. Crouch

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A unified 3-d critical state bounding surface plasticity model (gUTS) has been developed which is able to provide realistic simulations of the behavior of clays, silts and sands both in drained and undrained conditions over a wide range of monotonic and complex cyclic paths. A strong feature of this model is its ability to treat loose and dense states of the same material with a single set of material constants. The link between the two states is made by introducing an apparent normal consolidation line for sands and adopting a volumetric plastic strain hardening/softening model (similar to the critical state …

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High Strain Rate Testing Of Unsaturated Sands Using A Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar, G. E. Veyera, C. A. Ross Apr 1995

High Strain Rate Testing Of Unsaturated Sands Using A Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar, G. E. Veyera, C. A. Ross

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

High strain rate tests were conducted on specimens of three different sands at saturations varying from dry to 100% using a Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Compacted specimens were subjected to undrained uniaxial confined compression at approximate strain rates of 1000/s and 2000/s by an approximate square wave input of 225 MPa with a pulse length of 250 µs. The stress-strain curves show an initially steep portion which appears to be strain rate independent. Beyond this, slopes are about the same up to the lock-up strain, an abrupt change in slope, indicating an increase in stiffness. The effect of increasing saturation is …

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Modelling Of Cyclic Behavior Of Sand In Large Range Of Strain Amplitudes, P. Y. Hicher, M. Kordjani Apr 1995

Modelling Of Cyclic Behavior Of Sand In Large Range Of Strain Amplitudes, P. Y. Hicher, M. Kordjani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The aim of this paper is to show that it is possible to model the behavior of soils in a large range of strains (10-6 to 10-1), using an elastoplastic law with a unique set of parameters. A multimechanism law with a kinematic hardening was used to model the monotonous and cyclic behavior of sand.

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Subsequent Consolidation Of Clay Subjected To Undrained Cyclic Loading, Tej B. S. Pradhan, G. Imai, Y. Ueno, T. K. Dam Apr 1995

Subsequent Consolidation Of Clay Subjected To Undrained Cyclic Loading, Tej B. S. Pradhan, G. Imai, Y. Ueno, T. K. Dam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper is mainly focused on two parts: (a) to clarify the mechanism of migration of excess pore water pressure in clay specimen and (b) subsequent consolidation behavior after the dissipation of excess pore water pressure accumulated due to undrained cyclic loading. A new technique to measure the pore pressure at the mid-height periphery of a triaxial specimen was developed. The effect of loading frequency and the stress level on the generation of excess pore pressure at the top, bottom and at mid-height of the specimen has been discussed. The variation of recompression index due to the dissipation of excess …

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