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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Discussions And Replies — Session Viii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Viii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Site Dependent Ground Response For The City Of Patras, Greece, G. A. Athanasopoulos Apr 1995

Site Dependent Ground Response For The City Of Patras, Greece, G. A. Athanasopoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Results of a preliminary study of seismic ground response at different sites of the coastal city of Patras, in Southern Greece, are presented. At each site equivalent linear 1-D response analyses were conducted by using the finite element program LUSH 2. Values of dynamic properties of soils were obtained from either cross-hole tests or empirical correlations. The 'rigid base' excitation was selected as to best simulate the expected bedrock motions in Patras from local and distant earthquakes. The results of the analyses indicate a strong differentiation of seismic site response when moving from the coastal region of the city to …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Ix, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Ix, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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R-Wave Dispersion Analysis In Transversely Isotropic Stratum, Shiming Wu, Lizhong Wang Apr 1995

R-Wave Dispersion Analysis In Transversely Isotropic Stratum, Shiming Wu, Lizhong Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

With dynamic stiffness of elastic half-space, the Rayleigh wave dispersion in transversely isotropic soil is analyzed by Finite-layer and Semi-infinite layer method. Only is matrix eigenvalue involved, avoiding the calculation procedure encountered in analytical method. Two examples prove the deduction correctly and show that soil anisotropy influences dispersion dramatically. It is possible to study soil anisotropy and characteristics of its dynamical responses from its surface wave dispersion.

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The Effect Of The Produced Vibrations By The Urban Electric Train On The Fillings Of Pumiceous Soils, E. Padilla Apr 1995

The Effect Of The Produced Vibrations By The Urban Electric Train On The Fillings Of Pumiceous Soils, E. Padilla

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents the results of a study realized in Guadalajara, capital city of the State of Jalisco, in Mexico, in which it proves that the vibrations produced by the operation of the urban electric train were one of the causes of settlements presented in a habitational zone. These settlements produced very several damages to more of 30 houses. To obtain this conclusion, geotechnical studies, dynamic characterization of subsoil and laboratory tests that included the use of a shake table were realized. With the information analysis, were obtained settlement predictions between 0.035 y 0.135 m.

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Vibrations Caused By Pile Driving, P. J. Moore, J. R. Styles, Wing-Hing Ho Apr 1995

Vibrations Caused By Pile Driving, P. J. Moore, J. R. Styles, Wing-Hing Ho

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Ground vibrations caused by impact were measured at two sites; one consisting of sand and the other of clay. Measurements were made at various radial distances from the impact location. The impact was produced by a weight falling either on to a plate or on to a rod partly driven into the ground, the latter case simulating pile driving on a small scale. When expressed in terms of scaled energy, the measured peak particle velocities were in reasonable agreement with some of the published data for clay sites but the agreement was poorer for sand sites. Several theoretical expressions were …

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Evaluation Of Man-Made Ground Vibrations, Xian Jian Yang Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Man-Made Ground Vibrations, Xian Jian Yang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The evaluation method of the man-made ground vibration and its formula are reviewed in the paper. The author's formula presented the possibility to solve the Vibration in near source due to the body wave from varied sources. The ground Vibration sources, such as traffic, pile driving etc. and the effects of the embedded source are involved as well. The parameters of the soil energy attenuation and the geometrical attenuation presented have been examined by National Standard Committee of CHINA in 1994. The case histories on varied testing site and vibrating effects are described.

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The Performance Of Hillside Fills During The Northridge Earthquake, David J. Mcmahon, Alan Kropp, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jonathon D. Bray Apr 1995

The Performance Of Hillside Fills During The Northridge Earthquake, David J. Mcmahon, Alan Kropp, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jonathon D. Bray

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Many hillside fills located in the Santa Monica, Santa Susana, and San Gabriel Mountains were damaged during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. While no deaths have been attributed to fill movement, on the order of tens of millions of dollars in property damage was caused by fill movements which typically involved less than about 7.5cm (3 inches) of localized displacement. Some of the damage was induced by permanent deformations of underlying native materials, but most appears to have resulted from ground failure or ground shaking phenomena associated directly with the fill materials. These phenomena include cyclic compaction, lurching, and amplification of …

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Worldwide Advances In Seismic Zonation, W. W. Hays Apr 1995

Worldwide Advances In Seismic Zonation, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic zonation is the process that integrates the hazard, policy, and built environments to produce maps that divide a geographic region into smaller areas or zones which can be used by community decision makers to answer the question, "Where is the best location to locate and build a specific structure." Seismic zonation maps have been produced by almost every country in the world with the most rapid advances occurring after 1968.

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The Evolution Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Practice In North America: 1954-1994, W. D. Liam Finn, R. H. Ledbetter, W. F. Marcuson Iii Apr 1995

The Evolution Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Practice In North America: 1954-1994, W. D. Liam Finn, R. H. Ledbetter, W. F. Marcuson Iii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper traces the evolution of geotechnical earthquake engineering practice in North America from 1954 to 1994. The development of the state-of-the-art has been shaped strongly by four areas of practice: assessment of seismic hazard, estimation of liquefaction potential, seismic response analysis of earth structures and seismic safety evaluation and remediation of existing dams with potentially liquefiable zones. Evolution of practice in each of these areas will be traced and the current state-of-the-art evaluated. Present capabilities in practice will be illustrated by examples from the areas of seismic response of dams, liquefaction potential and seismic safety evaluation and remediation of …

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Lessons Learned From Liquefaction And Lifeline Performance During San Francisco Earthquakes, T. D. O'Rourke, J. W. Pease Apr 1995

Lessons Learned From Liquefaction And Lifeline Performance During San Francisco Earthquakes, T. D. O'Rourke, J. W. Pease

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents information about subsurface conditions, liquefaction-induced ground movements, and lifeline performance during the 1906 and 1989 earthquakes in San Francisco. Three sites of soil liquefaction and pipeline damage during both earthquakes are evaluated, including the Marina, South of Market, and Mission Creek areas. Important lessons are summarized about the effects of transient lateral shear strains on pipeline performance, post liquefaction consolidation, use of submerged fill thickness as a microzonation technique for predicting liquefaction severity and potential pipeline damage, the relationship between surface manifestations of liquefaction and subsurface geometry of deposits, and factors affecting the magnitude of lateral spread.

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Clay Behavior, Ground Response And Soil-Structure Interaction Studies In Mexico City, Miguel P. Romo Apr 1995

Clay Behavior, Ground Response And Soil-Structure Interaction Studies In Mexico City, Miguel P. Romo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper focuses on the most relevant results of recent investigations carried out on the behavior of Mexico City clays under dynamic loading, on the effects of soil site conditions and on the evaluation of the dynamic soil-structure interaction phenomenon. The paper shows the impact of these studies upon foundation engineering practice in earthquake-prone regions where clayey deposits exist, and advances simple, yet accurate, procedures to develop site-dependent, building-specific input motions for the design of structures in the Valley of Mexico. It discusses recent seismic observations that clarify the origin of the long coda observed in several records obtained in …

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Liquefaction And Deformation Of Soils And Foundations Under Seismic Conditions, Ricardo Dobry Apr 1995

Liquefaction And Deformation Of Soils And Foundations Under Seismic Conditions, Ricardo Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A summary of significant developments in seismic liquefaction research and applications is presented for the period 1985-1995. It is concluded that rapid progress is being made, especially in evaluating ground deformation and straining and their effects on constructed facilities. Four topics illustrating these developments are selected and discussed in more detail.

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Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam Apr 1995

Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Research on soil-pile-structure interaction under dynamic loading over the past 20 years has led to a variety of analysis approaches of varying complexity to address a range of dynamic problems. Many of these analysis approaches have been adapted for use for the seismic design of pile foundations. In this paper, the various analysis methods are only briefly reviewed. The focus of discussion is on design concepts and issues more routinely used or encountered by structural engineers during seismic design of new or retrofitted pile foundation systems representative of those used for bridges and buildings.

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Design And Behavior Of Tailings Dams Under Seismic Conditions, Jorge H. Troncoso Apr 1995

Design And Behavior Of Tailings Dams Under Seismic Conditions, Jorge H. Troncoso

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic design of tailings dams in present times has to provide satisfactory solutions to fulfill environmental protection requirements and to assure proper behavior after closure and abandonment. The requirements to protect the environment include control of seepage and other forms of pollution of the air, waters and soils, under normal conditions, and also under the most extreme events which may be foreseen to occur. The worst possible form of pollution under such extreme conditions is a liquefaction failure involving breaching of the dam and flooding of the valleys downstream. The probability of occurrence of maximum events obviously increases with the …

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Role Of In-Situ Testing In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, M. Jamiolkowski, D.C. F. Lopresti, O. Pallara Apr 1995

Role Of In-Situ Testing In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, M. Jamiolkowski, D.C. F. Lopresti, O. Pallara

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The available in situ testing techniques of special relevance in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering are subject to a synthetic review in the light of the general framework of soil stress-strain behavior. Especial attention is devoted to the recent innovations and current capabilities of in situ testing methods to assess the shear modulus G and damping ratio D. The determination of the undrained steady state shear strength via penetration and seismic tests is also discussed.

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Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Ground Displacement, T. Leslie Youd Apr 1995

Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Ground Displacement, T. Leslie Youd

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Ground displacements generated by liquefaction-induced lateral spread are a severe threat to engineered construction. During past earthquakes, lateral spread displacements have pulled apart or sheared shallow and deep foundations of buildings, severed pipelines and other structures and utilities that transect the ground displacement zone, buckled bridges or other structures constructed across the toe, and toppled retaining walls, bulkheads, etc. that lie in the path of the spreading ground. This paper presents a method for estimating probable free-field lateral displacements at sites susceptible to liquefaction. Free-field ground displacements are those that are not impeded by structural resistance, ground modification, or a …

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Simple Methods For The Seismic Response Of Piles Applied To Soil-Pile-Bridge Interaction, George Gazetas, George Mylonakis, Aspasia Nikolaou Apr 1995

Simple Methods For The Seismic Response Of Piles Applied To Soil-Pile-Bridge Interaction, George Gazetas, George Mylonakis, Aspasia Nikolaou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A multi-step procedure is outlined for a complete seismic soil-pile-structure interaction analysis, within the format of kinematic and inertial decomposition. Vertical S-wave propagation is considered and the pile-to-pile interplay is treated with sufficient rigor. The method has been implemented for the seismic analysis of bridge piers founded on piles in multilayered soil; a computer code (SBIAP) has been developed to this end. A parameter study (in both frequency and tune domains) illustrates the capability of the method to predict displacements and accelerations of the superstructure as well as bending moments and shear and axial forces in the piles. The importance …

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Deformation Characteristics Of Soils And Soft Rocks Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loads And Their Relationships, Fumio Tatsuoka, Diego Lo Presti, Yukihiro Kohata Apr 1995

Deformation Characteristics Of Soils And Soft Rocks Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loads And Their Relationships, Fumio Tatsuoka, Diego Lo Presti, Yukihiro Kohata

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

For a wide variety of geomaterials, cohesionless and cohesive soils and sedimentary soft rocks and cement-mixed soils, the importance and advantages of measuring the deformation characteristics accurately and continuously for a strain range from less than 0.001 % to several % by a single static test using a single specimen are demonstrated. It is also shown that the deformation characteristics at strains of less than about 0.001 % is essentially elastic and the elastic stiffness values evaluated under static (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic (fast cyclic) loading conditions are the same from the engineering point of view. It is discussed …

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Third International Conferences On Recent Advances On In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Third International Conferences On Recent Advances On In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Committees, Multiple Members Apr 1995

Committees, Multiple Members

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Welcoming Remarks, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Welcoming Remarks, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Concluding Session, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Concluding Session, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Dynamic Characteristics Of Comares Palace In The Alhambra, V. Cuellar, E. Kausel, J. L. Monte, J. M. Roesset, J. Valerio Apr 1995

Dynamic Characteristics Of Comares Palace In The Alhambra, V. Cuellar, E. Kausel, J. L. Monte, J. M. Roesset, J. Valerio

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes the geotechnical investigations that have been conducted to characterize the static and dynamic properties of the ground, the foundation and the structure's material of the Comares tower in the Alhambra palace. The Gmax values of the different materials were determined using seismic refraction, P-wave transmission tomography, cross-hole and down-hole tests. To obtain the variation of the shear moduli with strain amplitude surface wave and cyclic horizontal plate loading tests were performed in several trenches excavated in the immediate neighborhood. The analysis of the structure response to M = 5 earthquakes recently recorded at the top and …

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Total Stress Change During Cyclic Loading Under KO Conditions, Jian-Min Zhang, Shamoto Yasuhiro Apr 1995

Total Stress Change During Cyclic Loading Under KO Conditions, Jian-Min Zhang, Shamoto Yasuhiro

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Cyclic torsional and triaxial tests of saturated sand under Ko conditions were conducted in order to examine the change of total lateral stress in the following cases: during the build-up of excess pore water pressure under undrained cyclic shear, and during the one-dimensional compression, expansion and recompression due to dissipation and redistribution of excess pore water pressure following undrained cyclic shear. As a result, a simplified method is proposed to estimate the changes of the total and effective lateral stresses in saturated sand with changing excess pore water pressure after undrained cyclic loading in Ko conditions.

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Modeling Of Volumetric Response Of Cemented Sand Under Cyclic Loading, Krishna R. Reddy Apr 1995

Modeling Of Volumetric Response Of Cemented Sand Under Cyclic Loading, Krishna R. Reddy

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper first describes cyclic tests which were conducted by Iwabuchi (1986) on both uncemented and cemented sands using a true triaxial apparatus. The paper then presents a thermodynamic or endochronic model which was used to predict the volumetric behavior of uncemented and cemented sands under cyclic loading conditions. The predicted results using the thermodynamic model and the test results using the true triaxial apparatus were found to be in good agreement.

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Earthquake Input Motions For Physical Model Tests, Gregg L. Fiegel, I. M. Ldriss, Bruce L. Kutter Apr 1995

Earthquake Input Motions For Physical Model Tests, Gregg L. Fiegel, I. M. Ldriss, Bruce L. Kutter

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The results from several dynamic centrifuge experiments are presented in this paper; the experiments were performed as part of a study to assess the influence of local site conditions on earthquake ground motions. Medium dense dry sand and saturated soft clay models were subjected to the accelerogram recorded at Santa Cruz during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Scaled versions of the input motion were used to shake the soil models; in addition, different time steps were used in order to study the effects of frequency content of the input motion. The results confirm that the characteristics of the input motion …

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Liquefaction-Induced Settlements In Sand Deposits, Yasuhiro Shamoto, Masayoshi Sato, Jian-Min Zhang Apr 1995

Liquefaction-Induced Settlements In Sand Deposits, Yasuhiro Shamoto, Masayoshi Sato, Jian-Min Zhang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents a simplified method for estimating the liquefaction-induced settlements of saturated sand deposits. Based on several kinds of undrained cyclic loading tests followed by drained reconsolidation under the different boundary constraint conditions of non-zero and zero lateral strains for different sands, it has been found that there exists a good correlation between the rates of change in 'surplus void ratio' of sand (difference between initial void ratio and minimum void ratio) after both complete and incomplete liquefaction, and the maximum shear strain induced during cyclic loading. The predicted results have been compared favorably with experimental observations of shake …

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An Empirical Formula For Evaluation Of Buildings Settlements Due To Earthquake Liquefaction, Huishan Liu Apr 1995

An Empirical Formula For Evaluation Of Buildings Settlements Due To Earthquake Liquefaction, Huishan Liu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper the liquefiable subsoils are divided into two groups: type of liquefiable supporting layer and type of liquefiable underlayer. Based on the observed subsidence data and general tendency got from finite element analysis, an empirical formula for evaluation of subsidences of type of liquefiable supporting layer is suggested. Several important factors' such as earthquake intensity' contact pressure at foundation bottom' and relative density of liquefiable soil are involved in this formula. So the formula seems credible to a certain extent.

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Dynamic Instability In Low-Cohesive Soils, E. A. Voznesensky Apr 1995

Dynamic Instability In Low-Cohesive Soils, E. A. Voznesensky

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Dynamic behavior of natural and model low-cohesive soils has been studied. All these silty-sandy soils demonstrated dynamic dilatancy with the exception of dense dry specimens and tended to liquefy if the degree of saturation Sr > 0.9. Beginning from the clay content about 1.5% by weight thixotropic hardening of low-cohesive soils can be registered and the relationship of this hardening versus normalized specific surface of the soils, calculated from BET equation, can be represented by a smooth S-shaped curve with three distinct parts characteristic for dilatant (cohesionless), dilatantly-thixotropic (low-cohesive) and quasi-thixotropic (cohesive) soils.

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