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Full-Text Articles in Science and Mathematics Education

The Development Of Supplementary Teaching Material For Ibnu Hadjar’S Biography To Improve Collagers’ Critical Thinking Skills Of History Education, Febri Irwandi, Joko Sayono, R Reza Hudiyanto Oct 2020

The Development Of Supplementary Teaching Material For Ibnu Hadjar’S Biography To Improve Collagers’ Critical Thinking Skills Of History Education, Febri Irwandi, Joko Sayono, R Reza Hudiyanto

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this research is to improve capability of critical thingking of the student which relates to historical local figure of South Borneo. The realization of this research is research and develpoment (R&D). The explanation of Ibnu Hadjar's figure was realized in the form of Ibnu Hadjar's biography teaching material supplement products for students of history education offering B class of 2019 as an experimental class and Offering A as a control class at Lambung Mangkurat University who were taking Local History courses. The stages in this study use the 4D model that is indicated by four components, namely …


Improving Primary Teacher Education Students’ Writing Performance Using Flipped Classroom, Nurul Masyithah Rery, Niamika El Khoiri Oct 2020

Improving Primary Teacher Education Students’ Writing Performance Using Flipped Classroom, Nurul Masyithah Rery, Niamika El Khoiri

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aimed to improve students’ writing performance in ESP subject by implementing Flipped Classroom and Collaborative activities. Classroom action research was applied as the method in this study was. According to the data obtained, 88,89% of the students experienced improvement at least 10 points compared to their initial writing product. Students active participation also improved which was shown by the average score that was above 3,0 points obtained from peer assessment rubric. Therefore, the combination of these two strategies was proven successful in improving students’ writing performance in ESP subject.


Keefektifan Pelatihan Kontrol Diri Siswa Smp Melalui Permainan Cublak-Cublak Suweng, Fitri Widya Ningsih, Muslihati Muslihati, Nur Hidayah Oct 2020

Keefektifan Pelatihan Kontrol Diri Siswa Smp Melalui Permainan Cublak-Cublak Suweng, Fitri Widya Ningsih, Muslihati Muslihati, Nur Hidayah

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Self-control helps junior high school students behave positively towards themselves and others. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the use of local wisdom in the cublak-cublak suweng game to the junior high school student self-control training. The research subjects were 8 junior high school students in Malang City using one group pretest-posttest design. Measurements used the Self-Control Scale and were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. The results showed a significant difference in the improvement of junior high school students' self-control. Positive values of the cublak-cublak suweng game are internalized so that they can improve the …


Graduate Students’ Knowledge About Plagiarism In Academic Writing, Najmi Rodhiya, Primardiana Hermilia Wijayati, Herri Akhmad Bukhori Oct 2020

Graduate Students’ Knowledge About Plagiarism In Academic Writing, Najmi Rodhiya, Primardiana Hermilia Wijayati, Herri Akhmad Bukhori

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Plagiarism is one of academic dishonesty, which has become a central issue in the academic sector. The aims of this study were to investigate students understanding through plagiarism and also to examine the reason why they committed plagiarism. This study used a quantitative approach. To obtain the data, questionnaire and interview were used. The finding showed that their understanding of plagiarism bounded in citing without giving sources. Further, the result showed that lack of knowledge, lack of time and unintentionally committed plagiarism were the top three reasons why the graduate students committed plagiarism.


Penerapan Pembelajaran Sains Berbasis Inquiry Based Learning Terintegrasi Nature Of Science Terhadap Literasi Sains, Utaria Mutasam, Ibrohim Ibrohim, Herawati Susilo Oct 2020

Penerapan Pembelajaran Sains Berbasis Inquiry Based Learning Terintegrasi Nature Of Science Terhadap Literasi Sains, Utaria Mutasam, Ibrohim Ibrohim, Herawati Susilo

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The aim of research was to describe the effect of the application of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) integrated the Nature of Science (NOS) on student scientific literacy. The implementation design used was nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design with research subjects using two classes namely VII C (control class) and VII D (experimental class) of SMP Laboratorium UM. Data was collected using a scientific literacy test and then analyzed descriptively and statistically and the results are that the application IBL integrated NOS influences students' scientific literacy with level of scientific literacy of students is included in the nominal and functional categories.


Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Model Stem Pjbl Disertai Penilaian Otentik Pada Materi Fluida Statis, Nur Diana Rosyidah, Sentot Kusairi, Ahmad Taufiq Oct 2020

Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Model Stem Pjbl Disertai Penilaian Otentik Pada Materi Fluida Statis, Nur Diana Rosyidah, Sentot Kusairi, Ahmad Taufiq

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' critical thinking especially on static fluid material through STEM PjBL accompanied by authentic assessment. The research design used mixed methods type embedded experimental design and the sample used in the study amounted to 32 students. Through the results of the analysis note that the learning process used is moderately influential on increasing students' critical thinking skills. In general, students experience an increase in all indicators of critical thinking.


Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Kebudayaan Lokal Pada Tema Indahnya Kebersamaan Untuk Siswa Kelas Iv, Sitti Aliffatul Hasanah, Anang Santoso, Furaidah Furaidah Oct 2020

Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Kebudayaan Lokal Pada Tema Indahnya Kebersamaan Untuk Siswa Kelas Iv, Sitti Aliffatul Hasanah, Anang Santoso, Furaidah Furaidah

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This research aims to produce interactive multimedia based on local culture that is feasible in terms of validity, practicality, attractiveness, and effectivity. The development model used was the Lee & Owens model, consists of five steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. The validator stated that interactive multimedia was very valid with a score of 92.9%. Field test results showed that practicality of the product reached 94.5%, and level of attractiveness reached 95.9%. The results of the cognitive domain t-test were 8,746>1,671, the affective domain was 6,028>1,671, and the psychomotor domain was 3,705>1,671. Those three analysis points out …


Making A First Impression: Exploring What Instructors Do And Say On The First Day Of Introductory Stem Courses, A. Kelly Lane, Clara L. Meaders, J. Kenny Shuman, Mackenzie R. Stetzer, Erin L. Vinson, Brian A. Couch, Michelle K. Smith, Marilyne Stains Oct 2020

Making A First Impression: Exploring What Instructors Do And Say On The First Day Of Introductory Stem Courses, A. Kelly Lane, Clara L. Meaders, J. Kenny Shuman, Mackenzie R. Stetzer, Erin L. Vinson, Brian A. Couch, Michelle K. Smith, Marilyne Stains

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Student impressions formed during the first day of class can impact course satisfaction and performance. Despite its potential importance, little is known about how instructors format the first day of class. Here, we report on observations of the first day of class in 23 introductory science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) courses. We first described how introductory STEM instructors structure their class time by characterizing topics covered on the first day through inductive coding of class videos. We found that all instructors discussed policies and basic information. However, a cluster analysis revealed two groups of instructors who differed primarily in …


Teacher Certification Pathway And Mathematical Quality Of Instruction, Gail Stewart Oct 2020

Teacher Certification Pathway And Mathematical Quality Of Instruction, Gail Stewart

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The formal documentation of alternative routes to teacher certification programs in the United States began in 1983 (Ludlow, 2011). According to the former US Secretary of Education’s Annual Report on teacher quality the high demand for teachers in high needs areas, such as mathematics, has caused growth in alternative certification routes for teachers (Paige, 2002). The many factors that influence teaching quality make it difficult to determine what impact, if any, a teacher’s preparation program has on the quality of their instruction. Current research on teacher quality shows varied results, making it hard to reach a conclusion about the effectiveness …


Designing A Week-Long Biomedical Engineering Summer Camp To Increase Young Students’ Interest And Self-Efficacy In Stem, Kayla Ney Oct 2020

Designing A Week-Long Biomedical Engineering Summer Camp To Increase Young Students’ Interest And Self-Efficacy In Stem, Kayla Ney

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

In order to combat the negative feelings many young students have towards STEM, I designed a week-long summer camp that teaches students about biomedical engineering as well as collaboration, communication, and confidence with STEM subjects. This work includes a literature review outlining what STEM is and current issues in STEM education, including disinterest in STEM and attrition in STEM degree programs. The literature review outlines current methods and ideas being utilized to combat these issues, namely, inclusive pedagogical strategies, and how some of these concepts can be applied to the summer camp. The curriculum document included outlines each activity, its …


Perceptions Of The Indonesia National Curriculum In Relation To Integrated Stem Education At The High School Level, Andinisa Rahmaniar Oct 2020

Perceptions Of The Indonesia National Curriculum In Relation To Integrated Stem Education At The High School Level, Andinisa Rahmaniar

Theses and Dissertations

High school students need 21st-century skills to be competitive in the global economy. STEM education, coupled with problem-solving, critical thinking, innovation, and written and oral communication skills are essential for high school students. In Indonesia, STEM education is not as common as in the United States; some teachers in Indonesia use STEM as a learning method, but it is not included as a major component in the Indonesian curriculum. This study aimed to analyze (a) how teachers implement STEM-based lessons, including hands-on activities and project-based learning in relation to the Indonesian National Curriculum and (b) teachers’ prior knowledge about integrating …


Investigating Factors Predicting Effective Learning In A Cs Professional Development Program For K–12 Teachers, Patrick Morrow Oct 2020

Investigating Factors Predicting Effective Learning In A Cs Professional Development Program For K–12 Teachers, Patrick Morrow

School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The demand for K-12 Computer Science (CS) education is growing and there is not an adequate number of educators to match the demand. Comprehensive research was carried out to investigate and understand the influence of a summer two-week professional development (PD) program on teachers’ CS content and pedagogical knowledge, their confidence in such knowledge, their interest in and perceived value of CS, and the factors influencing such impacts. Two courses designed to train K-12 teachers to teach CS, focusing on both concepts and pedagogy skills were taught over two separate summers to two separate cohorts of teachers. Statistical and SWOT …


The New Palestinian Science And Math Curricula In Light Of The 21st Century Skills: A Critical And Enlightening Study, Mousa M. M. Khaldi, Wael M. I. Kishek Oct 2020

The New Palestinian Science And Math Curricula In Light Of The 21st Century Skills: A Critical And Enlightening Study, Mousa M. M. Khaldi, Wael M. I. Kishek

International Journal for Research in Education

The purpose of this study was to analyze the new Palestinian science and math curricula in light of the skills for the 21st Century to investigate the extent to which these curricula are able to prepare citizens who have a balanced degree of skills they need to live effectively in the 21st Century. The researchers developed a rubric and then used as a general framework for content analysis of the curricula. The rubric consisted of twelve main themes; creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, communication, collaboration, information literacy, media literacy, information and communications technology literacy, flexibility …


Culturally Relevant Science Teaching: A Literature Review, Uma Ganesan Oct 2020

Culturally Relevant Science Teaching: A Literature Review, Uma Ganesan

The Nebraska Educator: A Student-Led Journal

This educational research literature review paper aims to discuss the rationale, review eight empirical research studies, and identify knowledge gaps in culturally relevant pedagogy in science education. This paper focuses on synthesis, review, and comparison of the findings of the empirical studies, and categorizes them into thematic heads such as similarities and differences between studies under the broad categories of professional development (PD) programs and case studies. Following these reviews, the author summarizes her reflections and thoughts about the literature to understand the big picture of culturally relevant pedagogy in science education. The basis of this literature review are various …


Assessment And Evaluation Of Student Learning Through A Project-Based Assignment On Note By Note Cooking, Roisin Burke, Pauline Danaher Oct 2020

Assessment And Evaluation Of Student Learning Through A Project-Based Assignment On Note By Note Cooking, Roisin Burke, Pauline Danaher

Articles

Many innovative teaching and learning methods are used in higher level education including projectbased learning (PBL). Since 2012 a PBL assignment project has been undertaken by master students of the Advanced Molecular Gastronomy module at Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin). The aim is to stimulate student learning and creativity by using Note by Note cooking in a PBL assignment while at the same time complying with the requirements of the annual International Note by Note contest which is held in Paris, France. Direct and indirect assessment methods were used to assign individual grades and to gather student feedback about the …


درجة معرفة معلمي العلوم بإستراتيجية التعليم التكاملي واستخدامهم لها في لواء الرمثا في الأردن, Mousa Ababna Oct 2020

درجة معرفة معلمي العلوم بإستراتيجية التعليم التكاملي واستخدامهم لها في لواء الرمثا في الأردن, Mousa Ababna

Al Jinan الجنان

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء درجة معرفة معلمي العلوم في لواء الرمثا في محافظة إربد في الأردن إستراتيجية التعليم المتمازج، واستخدامهم لها. وقد تكوّن مجتمع الدراسة من 170 معلما ومعلمة من لواء الرمثا وتمّ اختيار عيّنة الدراسة عشوائيا من مديرية لواء الرمثا، وكان عددهم (32) معلما ومعلمة، وقد استخدم الباحث في هذهالدراسة استبانة مكونة من (20) فقرة تقيس مستوى معرفة معلمي العلوم لإستراتيجية التعليم المتمازج. وقد أجريتالدراسة للإجابة على ثلاثة أسئلة هي :

ما درجة معرفة معلمي العلوم في مديرية التربية والتعليم في لواء الرمثا باستراتيجية التعليم المتمازج واستخدامهم لها؟

هل يوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة معرفة معلمي …


درجة اتقان معلمي الفيزياء للمهارات المخبرية اللازمة لتدريس الفيزياء للصف العاشر الأساسي في الأردن, Omran Darabse Oct 2020

درجة اتقان معلمي الفيزياء للمهارات المخبرية اللازمة لتدريس الفيزياء للصف العاشر الأساسي في الأردن, Omran Darabse

Al Jinan الجنان

هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد درجة إتقان معلمي الفيزياء للمهارات المخبرية اللازمة لتدريس الفيزياء للصف العاشر، ومعرفة وجود فروق في درجة الإتقان تعزى لمتغير الخبرة في التدريس، حيث اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وبتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تصميم بطاقة ملاحظة مكونة من (34) مهارة موزعة على خمس مجالات. وتم تطبيق الدراسة على عينة مكونة من (45) معلما ومعلمة اختيرت بالطريقة القصدية من معلمي الفيزياء للصف العاشر في مديرية التربية والتعليم للواء الرمثا/ الأردن.

وأسفرت نتائج الدراسة عما يلي:

إن درجة إتقان معلمي الفيزياء للمهارات المخبرية اللازمة لتدريس الفيزياء للصف العاشر صعيف، وكانت درجة إتقانهم للمهارات المرتبطة بتوليد التيار والقوة الدافعة الحثية …


الصعوبات التي تواجه تدريس الفيزياء من وجهة نظر معلمي ومشرفي الفيزياء في الأردن, Mousa Ababna Oct 2020

الصعوبات التي تواجه تدريس الفيزياء من وجهة نظر معلمي ومشرفي الفيزياء في الأردن, Mousa Ababna

Al Jinan الجنان

هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد الصعوبات التي تواجه تدريس الفيزياء من وجهة نظر معلمي ومشرفي الفيزياء. وقد تكون مجتمع الدراسة من (320) معلماً ومعلمة ومشرفا في محافظة إربد وتم اختيارعينة الدراسة عشوائيا من مديريات محافظة اربد، وكان عددهم (40) معلما ومشرفا، وقد استخدم الباحث في هذه الدراسة استبانة مكونة من (60) فقرة تبحث في الصعوبات التي تواجه تدريس الفيزياء المتعلقة بالمناهج، المعلم، الطالب، المدرسة والوزارة. وقد هدفت الدراسة للإجابة على ثلاثة أسئلة هي :

ماهي الصعوبات التي تواجه تدريس الفيزياء من وجهة نظر معلمي ومشرفي الفيزياء التربويين؟

هل يوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى الدلالة بين وجهات نظر المعلمين ووجهات …


درجة توافر معايير الجودة الشاملة في برنامج إعداد معلم الرياضيات(كلية التربية جامعة الأقصى في قطاع غزة, Mousa Jouda Oct 2020

درجة توافر معايير الجودة الشاملة في برنامج إعداد معلم الرياضيات(كلية التربية جامعة الأقصى في قطاع غزة, Mousa Jouda

Al Jinan الجنان

The current study aims at evaluating the Mathematics teacher-training program in the college of education at Al Aqsa University in light of the inclusive quality. In addition, it aims to reveal the effect of the study variables on the teaching staff opinions to discover the availability of the Mathematics training program quality. To achieve the study goals, the researchers conducted a measure of 132 items distributed on five domains; first, the Mathematics training program aims’ quality. Second, major training quality. Third, educational training quality. Fourth,
practicum quality. Fifth, the college and the department administration quality. The researchers used the analytical …


Adaptations Of The Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy In Response To Covid-19, Sowmya Anjur, Dave Devol Oct 2020

Adaptations Of The Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy In Response To Covid-19, Sowmya Anjur, Dave Devol

Faculty Publications & Research

No abstract provided.


How Understanding Your Students Can Impact The Learning Outcomes, Tiba Zaki Abdulhameed Oct 2020

How Understanding Your Students Can Impact The Learning Outcomes, Tiba Zaki Abdulhameed

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

Efficient communication with students can have great impact on the whole performance of the learning process. It is very important to consider the personal diversity among the students in order to reach to inclusivity in learning and to be able to have good communication with them. When the instructors build good communication with their students, they can encourage positive interactive learning environment.

Students at collage have their own busy life. If the instructor ignores their real life outside the class, many of them will be unable to continue and success. Many professional instructors in STEM field focus on the material …


Designing Effective Strategy For Development Of Homework And Exam To Improve Learning Outcomes, Rabia Emhamed M Al Mamlook Oct 2020

Designing Effective Strategy For Development Of Homework And Exam To Improve Learning Outcomes, Rabia Emhamed M Al Mamlook

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

There are numerous unique stratagem regarding homework that teachers use in their courses. Through my experience that started when I taught IEE 2622 Statistical Quality Control classes, I discovered that designing homework needs effective strategies. So, I have applied some tools that I learned from the STEM instructional program which helped me develop some of the homework or exams.

The main objectives is to determine how implementing a homework correction strategy effects student achievement in process control chart course as example.

This study will answer some questions as following:

  • What are the tools that can help me design homework objectives? …


Improving Lab Experience For Students In Phys2080, Khushi Bhatt Oct 2020

Improving Lab Experience For Students In Phys2080, Khushi Bhatt

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

University Physics II (PHYS 2080) deals with providing hands-on experience with the experiments of electricity and magnetism. It aids students to develop computational thinking in physics through analysis of experimental and theoretical data using python programming language.

In Fall-2019, I taught the newly designed PHYS2080 class for the first time as per the requirements. During Spring-2020, I implemented some subtle changes using the skills that I gained through various teaching training. These changes are described in Methodology section. Data clearly shows improvement that was observed without lowering the expectations or changing the curriculum of the class.


Through The Learning Glass, Maria Talanda-Fisher Oct 2020

Through The Learning Glass, Maria Talanda-Fisher

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

For our poster project with the STEM Instructional Program, we made Learning Glass videos to supplement material in Algebra II and Precalculus sections and then assigned a worksheet and survey to gain some understanding of how the students interacted with the videos. In this poster, the results of the worksheet and related survey are provided. In addition, we reflect on what the data and student feedback mean for these types of videos moving forward.


From Instructor-Driven Teaching To Student-Focused Learning – A Personal Narrative, Omofolakunmi Elizabeth Olagbemi Oct 2020

From Instructor-Driven Teaching To Student-Focused Learning – A Personal Narrative, Omofolakunmi Elizabeth Olagbemi

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

My approach to teaching for several years was to explain the relevant material to my students, and then follow up with questions to confirm understanding. This is the approach that I was exposed to as a student and so I never questioned it. If my performance in a class was not up to par, then there must have been some deficiencies in preparation on my part. I never stopped to consider that perhaps the employment of a different teaching strategy by the instruction might have helped me obtain a better grade. Of course, this is mere speculation – it may …


Method Of Joints: Theory And Practice Of Designing, Building, And Testing Trusses, Andrew J. Hughes, Chris Merrill Oct 2020

Method Of Joints: Theory And Practice Of Designing, Building, And Testing Trusses, Andrew J. Hughes, Chris Merrill

Educational Leadership & Technology Faculty Publications

The authors of this article, like many of us, are proponents of engineering education but are also proponents of shop skills, craftsmanship, technological literacy, and the tacit knowledge and skills developed through applying sound theories during practical hands-on learning. The authors believe that engineering is an important aspect of our discipline, but so are the application of thinking, tool skills, measurement, geometric construction, manufacturing, instrumentation, testing and analysis, mathematical and scientific theories, and many other hands-on, minds-on skillsets that all need to maintain association with our discipline. As the authors are proponents for engineering education that is done well, they …


Issues And Proposed Solutions To Team Based Assessment In University Physics Labs, Manqoba Q. Hlatshwayo Oct 2020

Issues And Proposed Solutions To Team Based Assessment In University Physics Labs, Manqoba Q. Hlatshwayo

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

Many education experts considers peer-to-peer education as the most effective way for students to learn (Peersdom, 2014). Western Michigan University (WMU) physics laboratories embraces this philosophy and has designed the assessment to be based on the team report. The assumption is that every team member contributed (not necessarily equally) to the work submitted by the team hence every team member should receive the same grade. This is a ubiquitous assessment philosophy in education, and some forms of additional individual assessment in team projects are strongly discouraged (David Boud et al, 1999).

There is no doubt on the effectiveness of peer-to-peer …


Behind The Learning Glass, Jamie Hallas Oct 2020

Behind The Learning Glass, Jamie Hallas

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

For our poster project with the STEM Instructional Program, we made Learning Glass videos to supplement material in Algebra II and Precalculus sections and then assigned a worksheet and survey to gain some understanding of how the students interacted with the videos. In this poster, the process of making the videos is discussed and some key takeaways are provided with the hopes of helping others in using these types of videos as a tool for providing instruction.


Incorporating Worksheets To Enhance Active Learning In A Laboratory Course, Zakiya S. Kelley Oct 2020

Incorporating Worksheets To Enhance Active Learning In A Laboratory Course, Zakiya S. Kelley

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

Study Goals:

To create worksheets that would aid the students in properly completing the required experiments and challenge them to do more than just follow the instructions. Each week there were often multiple experiments to be completed and pre-made samples to be observed within the class period. By providing the worksheet, I ensured the students completed all tasks and comprehended the covered material before class ended.

Objectives:

  • To improve student participation and information retention when completing laboratory experiments in the classroom
  • To emphasize key points of the topic being explored


When Students Love Exams (Happy Quiz): Reducing Tension And Increasing Learning Rate, Shadha Tabatabai Oct 2020

When Students Love Exams (Happy Quiz): Reducing Tension And Increasing Learning Rate, Shadha Tabatabai

STEM Instructional Graduate Teaching Assistant Posters

Exams or tests are vital part of teaching and good exams serve 4 goals [1]:

1- Help students organize their academic efforts.

2- Help students by identifying skills or topics that need more attention and mastery.

3- Help instructors recognize students mistakes and misunderstandings of topics so that they can adjust their teaching to address these issues.

4- Used as an indication of whether students are receiving the correct information.

There are many testing strategies, types of tests, and alternative testing modes, which are designed to help both instructors and students in doing a better job [1]. However, with exams …