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2023

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Articles 3091 - 3120 of 18347

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Designing The Interaction Between Humans And Autonomous Systems: The Role Of Behavioral Science., Dirk Van Rooy Oct 2023

Designing The Interaction Between Humans And Autonomous Systems: The Role Of Behavioral Science., Dirk Van Rooy

IASDR Conference Series

In recent years, the use of autonomous systems has grown rapidly in both the industrial and military sectors. These systems have the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work, from self-driving cars and drones to automated factories and military equipment. However, it has been argued, for this to happen, researchers and designers need to (re)consider the interaction between humans and machines, as it plays a significant role in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of autonomous systems (De Regt & Gagnon, 2020; Janssen et al., 2019). In this paper, I will argue that a closer integration with applied …


Design Making Its Way To The City Hall: Tensions In Design Capacity Building In The Public Sector, Suzan Boztepe, Per Linde, Alicia Smedberg Oct 2023

Design Making Its Way To The City Hall: Tensions In Design Capacity Building In The Public Sector, Suzan Boztepe, Per Linde, Alicia Smedberg

IASDR Conference Series

Public sector organizations have been increasingly turning to design in their pursuit to innovate and address pressing challenges that seem intractable through their existing ways of working. Design’s presence in the public sector is still a relatively recent phenomenon ridden with many challenges. Through a study of three municipalities in Sweden, we present tensions designers face as they work their way to build design capacity. We argue that making a place for design in organizational systems and their ways of working requires skillfully navigating these tensions. We describe each tension in terms of their contradictions embedded in dualities and discuss …


The Challenge Of Facilitating Short-Term Design Thinking Workshops For Higher Education In The New Normal Era., Nina Lee, Chien-Hsu Chen, Hirokazu Kato, Hajimu Iida, Kohei Ichikawa Oct 2023

The Challenge Of Facilitating Short-Term Design Thinking Workshops For Higher Education In The New Normal Era., Nina Lee, Chien-Hsu Chen, Hirokazu Kato, Hajimu Iida, Kohei Ichikawa

IASDR Conference Series

The shift to online collaboration due to the COVID-19 pandemic has created new challenges for higher education institutions, particularly around conducting short-term workshops. Workshops are essential to the learning experience as they provide hands-on opportunities for students to practice and apply what they have learned. However, the transition to online workshops has resulted in declining student engagement and participation. This study aims to identify and address the challenges instructors, and students face in conducting online workshops in higher education. This study identifies several critical challenges through a literature review and case studies, including a lack of non-verbal cues, in-person interaction, …


Exploring The Design Applications Of Key Emerging Materials From Natural Sciences Through A Design Ideation Workshop, Muhammad Tufail, Xinyi Wang, Aichu Tian, Xinye Li, Sai Yin Leung, Sahr Uzma, Hyunyim Park, Kwanmyung Kim Oct 2023

Exploring The Design Applications Of Key Emerging Materials From Natural Sciences Through A Design Ideation Workshop, Muhammad Tufail, Xinyi Wang, Aichu Tian, Xinye Li, Sai Yin Leung, Sahr Uzma, Hyunyim Park, Kwanmyung Kim

IASDR Conference Series

The design direction is shifting towards new design landscapes with alive and adaptive aesthetic features and functions and confronting natural alternative designs. Designers, architects, and artists have proposed the exploration of emerging materials by exploiting synthetic biology, bionics, chemical technology, and material science to create new design alternatives with natural aesthetic features and functions. In practice, however, designers are not properly familiar with the potential applications of these emerging materials and their alive and adaptive aesthetic and functional features in product design. Thus, particularly in traditional product design development, the applications of these materials are untouched resulting from three hindering …


Why Design Matters In Local Business Commoning, Yedam Ryou, Chorong Kim, Eunji Woo, Ki-Young Nam Oct 2023

Why Design Matters In Local Business Commoning, Yedam Ryou, Chorong Kim, Eunji Woo, Ki-Young Nam

IASDR Conference Series

The role of design is vital in facilitating the collaborative activities among various stakeholders in "commoning". Commoning local businesses can lead to the revitalization of a local economy with the local residents generating both commercial and social benefits. However, commoning in general is geared toward creating social benefits. As such, the existing model of commoning is not suitable for local business commoning. The few existing cases of local business commoning show that residents and proprietors benefit from exchanging resources based on their needs, but these exchanges tend to take place in ad-hoc and/or one-off ways. Therefore, this research aims to …


Review: Design Reshape The Relationship Between Museum Collections And Visitors In Digital Age, Siwei Wang, Danhua Zhao, Shizhu Lu Oct 2023

Review: Design Reshape The Relationship Between Museum Collections And Visitors In Digital Age, Siwei Wang, Danhua Zhao, Shizhu Lu

IASDR Conference Series

With the development of digital technology, it has become common to use modern computing and interactive technologies to enhance communication between people, physical spaces and digital information. Most museums are also beginning to apply the new technology of the day to improve the experience of the visitors. The relationship between museum collections and the audiences they serve has been reshaped through design. Design has become a key tool in the museum and cultural heritage sector with the advent of the digital age. This review summarises three trends in exhibition design in the digital age through a combing of the literature: …


Exploring Diverse Dimensions Of Design Research And Innovation In The Changing World, Erminia D'Itria, Silvia Maria Gramegna, Xue Pei Oct 2023

Exploring Diverse Dimensions Of Design Research And Innovation In The Changing World, Erminia D'Itria, Silvia Maria Gramegna, Xue Pei

IASDR Conference Series

In today's fast-changing world, the design field has expanded to encompass many dimensions and applications. Starting with an analysis of the short papers proposed in the context of the IASDR 2023 conference, this essay delves into the fascinating range of topics, approaches, and formats covered and presented. This analysis has shed light on the different aspects of design research and innovation that drive progress in various design-related sectors. These papers collectively underscore the multidisciplinary and transformative nature of contemporary design research, demonstrating how innovation in technology and design, coupled with attention to social concerns and education, can shape a brighter …


Changing Heritage, Rodolfo Maffeis, Trocchianesi Raffaella, Franzato Carlo, Mason Marco Oct 2023

Changing Heritage, Rodolfo Maffeis, Trocchianesi Raffaella, Franzato Carlo, Mason Marco

IASDR Conference Series

The paper deals with changing processes of the cultural heritage through different perspectives: how the power of the change can be recognized both in the historic art masters approach and in their representations? How these historic art masters have triggered iconographic and conceptual agents of innovation? How Design for Cultural Heritage can envision new sustainable scenarios taking into account sociopolitical, cultural and climatic changes? In this complex context and age, what are new models of cultural experiences? What is the role of digital in museums transformation? Herein we will explore new definitions of contemporary museology and museography, like the digitally …


Digitally Fabricated Design Interventions For Als/Mnd, Yash Bohre, Rowan Page, Purba Joshi Oct 2023

Digitally Fabricated Design Interventions For Als/Mnd, Yash Bohre, Rowan Page, Purba Joshi

IASDR Conference Series

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), or motor neuron disease (MND), is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results in the loss of muscle control and function. To manage the daily activities of people with ALS, Assistive Technologies (ATs) are essential. However, many current ATs available in the market do not cater to the individualised and rapidly changing needs of people with ALS, and frequent procurement can take a financial toll on the family. This practice-based PhD project is developing custom-made ATs to maximise independence and enhance the quality of life of people with ALS. Through leveraging digital fabrication techniques, faster turnaround times …


Investigating The Adoption Of Autonomous Processes In The Context Of Organizations, Garoa Gomez Beldarrain, Euiyoung Kim, Himanshu Verma, Alessandro Bozzon Oct 2023

Investigating The Adoption Of Autonomous Processes In The Context Of Organizations, Garoa Gomez Beldarrain, Euiyoung Kim, Himanshu Verma, Alessandro Bozzon

IASDR Conference Series

The technological enablers for process automation have experienced a fast-paced development in the past decades (Omohundro, 2014). In organizations, the adoption of autonomous technologies could bring many benefits, as they offer the potential to increase the efficiency and precision of operations (Jovanovic et al., 2019; Mallam et al., 2020), to compensate human workers’ limitations in uncomfortable and repetitive physical tasks (Kadir et al., 2019), or to reduce labour-related costs (Jovanovic et al., 2019; Omohundro, 2014). Nevertheless, new challenges emerge when implementing autonomous technologies in organizational processes, such as human element issues (Mallam et al., 2020; Nazir et al., 2014), new …


The Body Gets The Notion: Performative Design Practice For Human Computer Integration To Encourage Innovation In The Domains Of Health And Well-Being., Anne Marleen Olthof, Jouke Verlinden, Somaya Ben Allouch Oct 2023

The Body Gets The Notion: Performative Design Practice For Human Computer Integration To Encourage Innovation In The Domains Of Health And Well-Being., Anne Marleen Olthof, Jouke Verlinden, Somaya Ben Allouch

IASDR Conference Series

This PhD-project delivers a design methodology that studies how cyber-physical systems can integrate with the human body to improve the quality of life for people with progressive and permanent disabilities. In this project, the perspectives of the ‘deviant body’ (Murray, 2007) and the ‘disabled body’ (Goodley, 2017) are seen as bodies of knowledge that can question, collapse, or even eliminate traditional perspectives on what it means to be ‘human’ in hybrid realities. In recent debates on human-computer integration (HInt) (Farooq & Grudin, 2017; Mueller et al., 2020, 2021; Danry, V.et al., 2021; Semertzidis et al., 2022; Barbosa et al., 2023), …


Design Mediating Printing Technology And Food Culture: A Small Paper Box Linking "Eating" And "Mobility", Aoi Katakura Oct 2023

Design Mediating Printing Technology And Food Culture: A Small Paper Box Linking "Eating" And "Mobility", Aoi Katakura

IASDR Conference Series

Today, we often experience “eating on the move,” such as grabbing a snack on the train or chewing gum while driving. Such a food culture in which people enjoy eating food in different places has been formulated by portable packages. Small paper boxes are one of the epoch-making products that have stimulated people to carry snacks, sweets, and cigarettes, in everyday situations. An important design feature of paper boxes is that their surfaces are covered with printed graphics and text as shown in Figure 1. As printing technology has developed, a wider range of detailed graphic and text designs, often …


Tools For Opening The Lonely Black Box And Changing Young Adults' Perspectives Of Their Loneliness., Mads Bärenholdt Oct 2023

Tools For Opening The Lonely Black Box And Changing Young Adults' Perspectives Of Their Loneliness., Mads Bärenholdt

IASDR Conference Series

1 Introduction While the pandemic was happening, almost everybody felt the experience of being lonely, which researchers has been described as a “non-pleasant subjective feeling” (Cacioppo & Cacioppo, 2012; de Jong Gierveld et al., 2006; Peplau, 1998). While many only experiences loneliness briefly as a temporality state of an emotional discrepancy, some are experiencing loneliness as a more extended encounter – which can have fatigue consequences for the lonely, e.g. due to sleep loss which can lead to depression, among other consequences (Matthews et al., 2017), and have an impact on how the lonely are perceiving themselves (Jones et al., …


Queering Futures With Data-Driven Speculation: The Design Of An Expanded Mixed Methods Research Framework Integrating Qualitative, Quantitative, And Practice-Based Modes., Jess Westbrook Oct 2023

Queering Futures With Data-Driven Speculation: The Design Of An Expanded Mixed Methods Research Framework Integrating Qualitative, Quantitative, And Practice-Based Modes., Jess Westbrook

IASDR Conference Series

Creative research, “tends to resist binary or categorical thinking,” and can gather both qualitative and quantitative data. Just both? Why stop there? The Queering Futures Framework (QFF) disregards traditional mixed methods research conventions. It Queers methodology. After intersecting concurrent qualitative and quantitative modes, it wanders and stretches into a practice-based mode. It is in the culminating creative practice-based mode that signals identified in the qualitative and the quantitative datasets are compared, scanned, probed, mined, and leveraged using a new futures method I call data-driven speculation. Data-driven speculation is a practice-based research method. Data-driven speculation uses signals as sparks in the …


Technological Mediation Analysis On Constructive Design Research: A Case Study Of Trust, Daniela Delgado Ramos Oct 2023

Technological Mediation Analysis On Constructive Design Research: A Case Study Of Trust, Daniela Delgado Ramos

IASDR Conference Series

Undoubtedly, new technological artifacts, systems, and platforms can have a major impact on the social context of any community. In his book Bowling Alone, Putnam points out how technology has fueled individualization and ultimately the erosion of the American community(Putnam, 2000). My research is interested in trust as a specific factor essential for navigating social life(Luhmann, 1973), which is also said to be affected by the adoption of various technologies (Ashmore & Restrepo-Forero, 2013; Brennan, 2021; Danaher & Sætra, 2022). Furthermore, my research is contextualized in Colombia, the country with the second lowest level of interpersonal trust in the world …


Snapping (Identities) Through Design Forward, Sara Iebole Oct 2023

Snapping (Identities) Through Design Forward, Sara Iebole

IASDR Conference Series

«Social norms are powerful. People will mostly do what they see others do. It’s how the human animal learns to succeed. What we learn from the curricula of conventional education pales in comparison to what we learn by watching the actual behavior of the teachers and students around us.» (Mau, 2020). This reflection, in relation to design as a discipline capable of enacting transformative processes in society - defining it through the formalization of roles and possibilities, as well as to stereotypes and forms of oppression - offers an inspiring perspective of the subject matter. In fact, Design is a …


Designing Healing From Eating Disorders: Systemic And Imaginative Approaches., Silvia Neretti Oct 2023

Designing Healing From Eating Disorders: Systemic And Imaginative Approaches., Silvia Neretti

IASDR Conference Series

This abstract presents the final exploration of my Ph.D. research on Designing Healing from Eating Disorders (ED). The following wishes to be presented in the Doctoral and Postgraduate Consortium, under the theme “Organization and Policies”. The goal of the research is to develop design guidelines and methods, fabricated through participatory design approaches, that provide imaginary and socially embedded alternatives to show what it could mean to care for mental health systemically, while moving away from consequences of the biomedical model’s history, understandings, and exclusions of factors, in the construction of mental disorders and treatments. The research focuses on the experience …


Co-Creating Narratives Of Usefulness, Elisa Cardamone Oct 2023

Co-Creating Narratives Of Usefulness, Elisa Cardamone

IASDR Conference Series

Health and social care are moving increasingly towards digital platforms and greater knowledge of people’s lifestyles and habits through numbers (Sharon 2016, 2017; Sharon & Zandbergen 2017; Rooksby et al. 2014; Swan 2013). However, among ageing populations, digital devices often enter households just to be forgotten in cupboards due to their lack of “usefulness” (Kim et al. 2022; Spann and Stewart 2018). Research shows that people aged 65 and older tend to use fewer technologies and to do so less frequently than younger individuals (Smith 2014). How can we empathise with the lived experience of ageing populations, designing devices that …


Mindfulness For Designers. An Integration Of Mindfulness, Design Education And Reflective Practices, Alberto Iberbuden Oct 2023

Mindfulness For Designers. An Integration Of Mindfulness, Design Education And Reflective Practices, Alberto Iberbuden

IASDR Conference Series

How should we educate designers to enable them to address the challenges of a complex, unpredictable, and interconnected future? What are the specific competences that designers need to address these challenges, and what pedagogical approaches are necessary to cultivate these competences? Although educators are shaping multiple paths to explore these issues, the complex nature of these questions demands holistic, multidisciplinary, and empathic approaches, rather than mechanical and outdated ones to envision educational systems that meet their students' needs. Researchers have become interested in mindfulness as a potential tool to improve educational practices. Mindfulness simply means paying attention in a certain …


Exploring And Facilitating Daoism's Contributions To Design Prototype, A Case Study From A "More-Than-Human" Social Innovation Project: Hokkhi, Jixiang Jiang, Shu Zhang, Yizao Wu Oct 2023

Exploring And Facilitating Daoism's Contributions To Design Prototype, A Case Study From A "More-Than-Human" Social Innovation Project: Hokkhi, Jixiang Jiang, Shu Zhang, Yizao Wu

IASDR Conference Series

In the face of the current environmental crises and the emergent debate over how we as a species should respond to it, local-context discussions, research, and practice are rapidly growing in a number of regions. Within the confines of the design community, there is an ever-growing view of these discussions as representing a culturally diverse perspective on design, as opposed to the current Western-centric design shaped by modernism and capitalist market economies, and as representing the emergence of an emerging design scene of pluriverse. This study extends the concept of the oyster reef conservation project referred to as "Hokkhi," produced …


How Students Perceive Lecturers' Gestures? An Exploration In Gesture-Meaning Matching Toward Embodied Pedagogical Agent Design, Lai Wei, Kenny K. N. Chow Oct 2023

How Students Perceive Lecturers' Gestures? An Exploration In Gesture-Meaning Matching Toward Embodied Pedagogical Agent Design, Lai Wei, Kenny K. N. Chow

IASDR Conference Series

Many studies have demonstrated that meaningful gestures, such as the iconic and the metaphoric, may considerably assist students’ comprehension and enhance their learning engagement. Additionally, virtual lecturers have positively influenced students' online learning experiences. Yet, there seems to be no concrete evidence of how students recognize these gestures. Investigating the comprehension of lecturers' natural gestures from the perspective of students has the potential to inform the creation of embodied gestural pedagogical agents (PA). This paper conducted empirical studies investigating how students recognized and interpreted lectures’ gestures in real-life design classes. By analysing four sets of paired cases, which consist of …


Fostering Social Inclusion: Empathic Approaches For Migrant-Centred Design, Vanessa Cesário, Paulo Bala, Shuhao Ma, Valentina Nisi Oct 2023

Fostering Social Inclusion: Empathic Approaches For Migrant-Centred Design, Vanessa Cesário, Paulo Bala, Shuhao Ma, Valentina Nisi

IASDR Conference Series

In recent decades, the field of design, particularly interaction design, has brought attention to the experiences of migrants with technology. A key aspect of this research has been the active involvement of displaced communities in the design process, through the implementation of empathic design approaches. These approaches place significant value on subjective and experiential perspectives fostering a thought process in which individuals seek to understand others by relating to their experiences. Following this empathic approach, this work focuses on the design for and with migrants, by engaging long-term migrants through a focus group and a participatory activity. The aim of …


Design Interventions Are Not Received Equally: Ssi And Mediated Influences In Decision-Making, Meichun Liu, Tsailu Liu Oct 2023

Design Interventions Are Not Received Equally: Ssi And Mediated Influences In Decision-Making, Meichun Liu, Tsailu Liu

IASDR Conference Series

Many artifacts are designed with the purpose of intervening in human behaviour and influencing decisions. However, their persuasive effect can depend on the users and circumstances. Our study focuses on personal and situational factors in people’s decision-making under technology-mediated social influence, or “mediated influence.” We displayed the information of the majority decisions to provide references when participants performed tasks. The statistical results show that people were affected by the mediated influence, which accelerates the process of consensus formation among community members. However, those scoring low on susceptibility to social influence (SSI) generally regarded the references as impeding their decision-making, except …


Raising The Ceiling: The Impact Of Design-Based Differentiation On Product Pricing, Ian Parkman Oct 2023

Raising The Ceiling: The Impact Of Design-Based Differentiation On Product Pricing, Ian Parkman

IASDR Conference Series

This study employs survey questionnaire data from the athletic footwear context to clarify how design-based differentiation effects consumers’ perceptions of the most significant driver of product performance: pricing. Specifically, we asked highly involved respondents to rate the User Value; Social Value, Significance Value, Utility Value, Emotional Value, and Spiritual Value imbued by a specialized Trail Runner shoe, a technically sophisticated Lightweight Racer, and a basic Value Runner alongside their Willingness to Pay (WTP) operationalized through the Van Westendorp Price Sensitivity Meter (PSM). Rather than asking consumers for a single, specific price, the PSM provides a more realistic range of indicators …


Giahs Metaverse: Innovative Digital Transformation Of Agricultural Heritage, Chiju Chao, Yin Li, Yu Chen, Qirui Wang, Yidan Wu, Zhiyong Fu Oct 2023

Giahs Metaverse: Innovative Digital Transformation Of Agricultural Heritage, Chiju Chao, Yin Li, Yu Chen, Qirui Wang, Yidan Wu, Zhiyong Fu

IASDR Conference Series

Global Important Agriculture Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is a form of heritage published by FAO that integrates cultural, ecological, economic, and agricultural factors. Formerly, the digital transformation of GIAHS mainly concerned object models or data storage. A significant part of its intangible heritage, such as cultural stories and traditional skills, was not adequately preserved digitally. The Metaverse is now offering an innovative approach which can build interactive systems and provide powerful possibilities for the digital transformation of the GIAHS. We, therefore, conducted a six-week design workshop in which 10 groups designed the GIAHS Metaverse to summarize this approach's advantages and design …


Investigating The Impact Of Digital Fabrication On Architecture Design Practice Through A Taxonomy, Daniela Silva, Alexandra Paio Oct 2023

Investigating The Impact Of Digital Fabrication On Architecture Design Practice Through A Taxonomy, Daniela Silva, Alexandra Paio

IASDR Conference Series

The integration of digital tools in architecture has transformed the design process, but the full potential of digital fabrication remains unexplored. This study examines the importance of digital fabrication in architecture design and suggests more suitable methods. Digital fabrication offers architects new ways to address complex tasks and innovate construction techniques, yet misconceptions persist about the role of digital tools in project-based research. The investigation analyzes the impact of digital fabrication on architecture design and research methods, employing a taxonomy to categorize approaches and uncover connections within the design process. By studying select architecture firms, the research uncovers new modes …


How The Genai Sex Education Advisor Became Feasible: Exploring The Future Design Principles For Child Sex Education In The Community, Xiaoling Lin, Shuai Sun, Xuan He, Ai Zhang Oct 2023

How The Genai Sex Education Advisor Became Feasible: Exploring The Future Design Principles For Child Sex Education In The Community, Xiaoling Lin, Shuai Sun, Xuan He, Ai Zhang

IASDR Conference Series

Children's sexual sensitivity in community settings poses challenges for caregivers who struggle to address inquiries appropriately. Establishing trust is crucial, as it affects children's willingness to seek help in case of abuse. Generative AI (GenAI) presents an opportunity to bridge the gap between expert counselling and wider populations. This study aimed to identify barriers, perceived advantages, limitations, and functional preferences of caregivers to accept GenAI-powered conversational agent that assist with child sex education. We chose ChatGPT as the design probe, providing caregivers with sex education guidance and analyzed the data using Grounded Theory. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use …


Envisioning Sustainable Smartphone Alternatives: A Plurishop Approach, Ines Petra Junge, Alma Leora Culén Oct 2023

Envisioning Sustainable Smartphone Alternatives: A Plurishop Approach, Ines Petra Junge, Alma Leora Culén

IASDR Conference Series

The increasingly precarious possible futures underscore the urgent need to reassess our lifestyles, consumption patterns, and interventions for the benefit of humanity, the planet, and the coexisting species. The ability to imagine radically different, desirable, and sustainable alternatives to products, services, and systems is crucial yet challenging, calling for creativity, new approaches, and methods. This paper discusses envisioning sustainable smartphone alternatives and pathways toward a strongly sustainable smartphone industry. We employ the ‘plurishop’, a workshop-based method that addresses several distinct inquiries into a design program of interest, in our case, that of envisioning sustainable smartphone alternatives. The plurishop was set …


Exploring The Use Of A Digital Twin In Theatre Stage Design, Emma Kirjavainen, Matilda Kalving, Juri Etto, Ashley Colley Oct 2023

Exploring The Use Of A Digital Twin In Theatre Stage Design, Emma Kirjavainen, Matilda Kalving, Juri Etto, Ashley Colley

IASDR Conference Series

The rapid development of technology has brought new methods and tools to physical space planning, offering opportunities to save time and materials. We present a case study where virtual reality (VR) was used for previsualization in the design of a theater production. A digital twin, i.e., a virtual environment matching the exact dimensions and visual appearance of the physical theatre stage was developed. During the design of a theater production, the potential of the approach was evaluated together with theater design and production experts with different backgrounds. We report that VR has can play a useful role in the context …


Fostering Collaboration Between Start-Ups And Students For Mutually Beneficial Inspiring Learning, Morgan Ricard, Anna Meroni Oct 2023

Fostering Collaboration Between Start-Ups And Students For Mutually Beneficial Inspiring Learning, Morgan Ricard, Anna Meroni

IASDR Conference Series

This two-voiced paper is the result of a student-teacher interaction in which the teacher simply paves the floor for a student’s narrative and commentary, from their perspective, of an innovative project-based studio experience. By partnering with an incubation and start-up program for social innovators in Milan, university faculty considered how to design a studio to stimulate both students and innovators in their different educational and personal trajectories by organising "pairs of teams" with the same design goal(s), conscientious of social innovation, environmental sustainability within a circular economy, and striving for radical solutions. The team for which this student-author is sharing …