Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- History (1478)
- Religion (1170)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (957)
- English Language and Literature (689)
- Education (607)
-
- Creative Writing (573)
- Music (482)
- United States History (441)
- Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion (366)
- Catholic Studies (365)
- Music Performance (364)
- Poetry (273)
- Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (264)
- Public History (240)
- Social History (234)
- Philosophy (229)
- History of Christianity (220)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (218)
- Liturgy and Worship (215)
- Higher Education (213)
- Comparative Methodologies and Theories (205)
- Communication (192)
- Sociology (187)
- Comparative Literature (180)
- Disability Studies (170)
- Business (169)
- Christianity (168)
- Theatre and Performance Studies (165)
- Biblical Studies (156)
- Institution
-
- Eastern Illinois University (314)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (250)
- Brigham Young University (232)
- College of the Holy Cross (230)
- DePaul University (200)
-
- Illinois State University (166)
- Morehead State University (166)
- Georgia Southern University (148)
- Providence College (123)
- Western Kentucky University (113)
- Nova Southeastern University (108)
- SUNY Buffalo State University (106)
- Andrews University (105)
- University of Richmond (98)
- Southwestern Oklahoma State University (96)
- Grand Valley State University (95)
- St. John Fisher University (92)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (79)
- Asbury Theological Seminary (78)
- Lynn University (77)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (75)
- University of Malaya (75)
- Western Michigan University (65)
- DePauw University (62)
- Lingnan University (61)
- Butler University (58)
- University of Northern Iowa (58)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (57)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (55)
- Marquette University (47)
- Keyword
-
- English (287)
- EIU (285)
- Syllabi (284)
- Church work with the deaf -- Catholic Church (170)
- Deaf -- Periodicals (170)
-
- Hearing impaired (170)
- Pastoral care of people with disabilities (170)
- Deaf culture (169)
- Poetry (110)
- Mormon studies (86)
- Literature (83)
- UAB (79)
- Western Kentucky University (77)
- African Americans (66)
- Literary (61)
- Litmag (61)
- Athletics (WKU) (59)
- Blacks (58)
- Class of 2001 (WKU) (55)
- Class of 2002 (WKU) (55)
- Class of 2003 (WKU) (55)
- Student Government Association (55)
- Newspaper (53)
- History (52)
- Newsletter (47)
- Book review (44)
- Edmonton (CAN) (42)
- Grand Valley State University; Publications; Universities and colleges (42)
- Ursinus College (33)
- Collegeville (32)
- Publication
-
- Vincentiana (181)
- School of Music Programs (158)
- Fall 2000 (142)
- Spring 2000 (130)
- African American Funeral Programs (124)
-
- Hieroglyphics: the NSU University School Literary Magazine (102)
- The Angle (92)
- BYU Studies (84)
- County Histories of Kentucky (80)
- Student Works (2000-2009) (75)
- WKU Administration Documents (74)
- Concert Recordings & Programs (73)
- Faculty Publications (68)
- Nebraska Tractor Tests (64)
- Birmingham Poetry Review (61)
- Gay Rights Historical T-Shirt Collection (60)
- Providence: Studies in Western Civilization (60)
- A Midwestern Review: A Magazine of the Arts and Issues at DePauw University (59)
- Different Perspectives on Majority Rules: 5th Annual National Conference (2000) (59)
- Playbill and Promotion (57)
- Westview (57)
- International Bulletin of Political Psychology (55)
- Journal of the Adventist Theological Society (46)
- On Sport and Society (44)
- Documentary Editing: Journal of the Association for Documentary Editing (1979–2011) (42)
- Saint Mark's Catholic Community of the Deaf (42)
- Swedish American Genealogist (39)
- The Messenger (39)
- CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (37)
- CutBank (37)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 5101 - 5130 of 5515
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Concert Recording 2000-04-26b, Timothy Gunter, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Symphonic Band
Concert Recording 2000-04-26b, Timothy Gunter, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Symphonic Band
Concert Recordings & Programs
Morning Alleluias for the winter solstice / Ron Nelson -- Giving / Stephen Melillo -- Molly on the shore / Percy Aldridge Grainger -- Africa : Ceremony, song, and ritual / Robert W. Smith -- Hands across the sea / John Philip Sousa
Scriptural Allusion And Metaphorical Marriage In Charles Chesnutt's 'The Wife Of His Youth', Earle V. Bryant
Scriptural Allusion And Metaphorical Marriage In Charles Chesnutt's 'The Wife Of His Youth', Earle V. Bryant
English Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Poems The Big Cats Brought In (Review Article), John Gery
Poems The Big Cats Brought In (Review Article), John Gery
English Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Minotaur Or The King’S Bull. By Jonathon Ward. Urban Youth Theater, Henry Street Settlement Abrons Arts Center, New York. 23 July 1999 (Performance Review), Patricia Herrera
Minotaur Or The King’S Bull. By Jonathon Ward. Urban Youth Theater, Henry Street Settlement Abrons Arts Center, New York. 23 July 1999 (Performance Review), Patricia Herrera
Theatre and Dance Faculty Publications
The production of Minotaur was not only a reinterpretation of an ancient Greek myth, but an opportunity for Latino hip-hop artists to pass down a cultural tradition to the next generation. Latino artists situated hip-hop as a social movement, and the teen performers physically embodied this in the songs and dance. In this way, the Athenian rebellion became the breaking of stereotypes often associated with urban youths. The performers beautifully portrayed this act of resistance when Theseus took Minos’ golden crown, wore it, and passed it down for all the Athenians to wear.
The Church As A Social Support For Women: Perspectives Of Female Members Of Selected Seventh-Day Adventist Churches, Norma Greenidge
The Church As A Social Support For Women: Perspectives Of Female Members Of Selected Seventh-Day Adventist Churches, Norma Greenidge
Dissertations
Problem. The subject of social support and its role in health and well-being ofindividuals has become an important topic to many researchers. This study was designed to discover to what extent female members of Seventh-day Adventist churches perceive their church as providing them with social support.
Method. The instrument used was the Social Provision Scale which measures six aspects of social support--attachment, guidance, nurture, reliable alliance, social integration, and worth. Scores from the 99 White and 48 African American women were compared for each of the six aspects on the basis of ethnicity, age, and marital status using Analysis …
Tell Hesban And Vicinity In The Iron Age, Paul J. Ray
Tell Hesban And Vicinity In The Iron Age, Paul J. Ray
Dissertations
Problem. Tell Hesban is a major archaeological ruin in central Transjordan. It was excavated from 1968-76 by Andrews University. However, almost 25 years after the termination of this endeavor, a final report dealing with the Iron Age remains has not yet appeared. Although relatively little remains from the Iron Age, which is the earliest period represented on the tell, an understanding of what is left is nevertheless important for comprehending the role the site played in the region at this time.
Method. A historical research design has been used in this study. The excavated architectural and soil/debris layers were analyzed …
The Delimitation Of Pericopes: A Case Study In Matthew, Mark B. Regazzi
The Delimitation Of Pericopes: A Case Study In Matthew, Mark B. Regazzi
Dissertations
Problem . In Gospel studies the term "pericope" has been generally defined as a "unit," but there is no uniformity in the application of the term in either studies of the Gospels, or in harmonies, synopses, and gospel parallels ("comparators"). This present study was undertaken to determine what factors influence editors of comparators in determining the beginnings and ends of pericopes.
Method . A list was compiled of the major comparators of the twentieth century. The text references (e.g., Matt 1:1-17, 1:18-25, etc.) for the pericopes which contained passages from Matthew were entered into a computer for each comparator. The …
Religious Commitment As A Correlate Of Mental Health And Life Satisfaction Among Black American Families, Judith Bernard-Fisher
Religious Commitment As A Correlate Of Mental Health And Life Satisfaction Among Black American Families, Judith Bernard-Fisher
Dissertations
Problem. The salutary effect of religion is receiving greater acceptance among researchers, and its positive association with both physical and mental health has been increasingly examined in the scientific literature. Since religion has played a central role in the lives of Blacks, and since previous research has identified positive correlations between some religious attributes and individual well-being, it would seem that religious Black families would enjoy a greater degree of health.
A religious commitment model encompassing affiliation, participation, devotional intensity, and practices was used in the investigation of Black families' mental health and life satisfaction. As the first study of …
Directing Jean Anouilh’S Antigone: Dramaturgical Protocol And Director’S Notebook, Jr Norman Luker
Directing Jean Anouilh’S Antigone: Dramaturgical Protocol And Director’S Notebook, Jr Norman Luker
Whittier Scholars Program
Dear Reviewer, as my senior project for the Whittier Scholars Program it was my honor to produce, direct, and dramaturg Jean Anouilh’s Antigone as a mainstage production for [the] Whittier College Theater Arts Department. The original documents collected within this binder represent the process through which the production came together. The collection includes dramaturgical research (articles with my original notes), production planning notes, design conceptions, relentless schedules, audition and casting information, dramaturgical notes, critical reviews and most importantly seven weeks of rehearsal journals. However, the real meat of the project were the actual performances where all the planning, designing, and …
Revista Digital Amigos - Vol 10, Número 5, Aspectos Culturales, Semos Unlimited
Revista Digital Amigos - Vol 10, Número 5, Aspectos Culturales, Semos Unlimited
Amigos Revista Digital
Cover 1
El 2 de Febrero: El Tratado de Guadalupe - Hidalgo 12
La Merced de Anton Chico 2
La Merced de Anton Chico (cont.) 3
The History of Water in New Mexico: The Anton Chico Case 4
Una Actividad de Matemáticas 5
El Dr. Daniel Aragón y Ulibarrí 6
Devil's Hatband 7
Una Investigación por la Oficina de Contabilidad General 8
Una Merced de Genízaros: San Pedro 9
¿Qué quiere decir Genízaro? 10
Cuatro Condados: Union, Colfax, Harding, y Mora 11
Sitios naturales en estos cuatro condados 12
Un Poema: Antonio y su Perro por José Manuel Arellano 13 …
Dead Mothers, Lonely Daughters : Negotiating Intersubjective Space In Young Adult Fiction, Anna-Claire Walsh
Dead Mothers, Lonely Daughters : Negotiating Intersubjective Space In Young Adult Fiction, Anna-Claire Walsh
Theses : Honours
This thesis examines the effect of maternal absence on the ability of three central female characters to develop intersubjective relationships in three novels for young adults. The theoretical framework is Jessica Benjamin's psychoanalytic theory of 'intersubjectivity' which seeks to transcend split complementarities such as active-passive creating a model that synthesises traditionally opposed terms. Benjamin situates maternal subjectivity as the foundation from which a baby's identity is constructed and attributes women with both active and passive qualities. The relationship between mother and infant consequently acts as a paradigm for understanding the interaction between adult subjects in later life. Chapter One introduces …
A Queer Love : The Gay Male In Young Adult Literature, Skot John Arbery
A Queer Love : The Gay Male In Young Adult Literature, Skot John Arbery
Theses : Honours
The purpose of my thesis· A Queer Love: The Gay Male in Young Adult Literature -is to offer an analysis of seven young adult novels that incorporate the construction and representation of while male homosexuality. I intend to explore what it is that can be learnt from these texts about 'being gay'. It is my assertion that I will be able to show that, although taboos have been shifted in young adult literature to allow the exploration of issues relating to gay adolescence, that which is condoned as acceptable 'gay behavior' remains restricted. I propose that in order for gay …
Virtual Reality And The Modern Ideology Of Order And Control, Craig I. Murrihy
Virtual Reality And The Modern Ideology Of Order And Control, Craig I. Murrihy
Theses : Honours
In this thesis I will examine the construction of the concept of Virtual Reality. I argue that rather than a technology of liberation as it is often perceived, virtual realities' conception has been influenced significantly by a discourse of control and order. I examine books, articles and films concerning Virtual Reality to support this claim. Furthermore this discourse of control and order is born out of a larger ideology of Western culture that values order and control. Throughout modernity this ideology has manifested itself through techniques and technologies of social and environmental control. I provide a brief historical outline highlighting …
The Animus : A Jungian Perspective On The Films Of Jane Campion, Taryn Louise Ricketts
The Animus : A Jungian Perspective On The Films Of Jane Campion, Taryn Louise Ricketts
Theses : Honours
Carl Jung's notion of contrasexuality allows women to embrace the masculine as well as feminine aspects of their personality. This creates a sense of complementarity or balance that is often lacking in the established psychoanalytic interpretation of female representations within mm texts. The 'animus,' or masculine complex, is an empowering theory in understanding representations of women within the filmic text as embarking on a process of self-realisation, self-acceptance, and the discovery of their own authority in the context of their relationships with men. Furthermore, the animus has been credited as Jung's greatest contribution to the study of the female psyche. …
Mothers, Gaze And Rape : Almodóvar's Cinema And The Construction Of Gender, Gorana Mlinarevic
Mothers, Gaze And Rape : Almodóvar's Cinema And The Construction Of Gender, Gorana Mlinarevic
Theses : Honours
Although often named a 'women's director': Pedro Almodóvar has frequently been attacked by feminist, mainly Anglo-Saxon, film critics. Most of them have found his portrayals of women to be very humiliating. On the other hand, Spanish heterosexual, mainly male, film critics have attacked him for focusing only on portrayals of marginal genders and sexualities. Nevertheless, he has become one of the most, if not the most, commercially successful Spanish film directors. The intention of this project is not just to analyse Almodóvar's cinema and the critics' acceptance/rejection of the same. Rather, the project is intending, through use of 'Ia politique …
Normal Editions Workshop Newsletter, 2000, Wonsook Kim School Of Art And Design
Normal Editions Workshop Newsletter, 2000, Wonsook Kim School Of Art And Design
Normal Editions Workshop Newsletter
Annual newsletter for the Normal Editions Workshop, School of Art, Illinois State University.
張炎及其詞研究, Ching Lai Hui
張炎及其詞研究, Ching Lai Hui
Dissertations from all years
為了對張炎詞有更全面的理解,我選擇了細讀張炎詞共302首,並嘗試考證張炎的生平及交遊,研究《山中白雲詞》的內容和藝術成就,從而探討張詞的價值。
本論文分作六章:第一章為導論第二、三、四、五章為正文部份,第二章扼要闡釋張炎的生平,以補足前人及當代學者之研究結果。第三章考證張炎交遊的情況以補前人研究之不足。第四章分析《山
中白雲詞》的內容。第五章分析張炎詞的藝術特色。最後做出結論。
張恨水才子佳人夢的變奏與小市民的白日夢–從《春明外史》、《金粉世家》到《啼笑因緣》, Hechao Lin
張恨水才子佳人夢的變奏與小市民的白日夢–從《春明外史》、《金粉世家》到《啼笑因緣》, Hechao Lin
Dissertations from all years
在現代文學史中,張恨水是一個頗受爭議的作家。他的產量驚人, 中長篇小說一百一十多部,散文雜文近五千篇,在現代文學史中可謂無出其右;他的作品很受歡迎,「上至黨國名流,下至風塵少女」1 都看他的小說;金庸說他喜歡張恨水,張愛玲也說她曾受其影響。2 但他喜歡寫傳統式的章回小說,並以言情通俗小說而出名。他不諱言自己是一個「拿小說賣錢」的通俗小說作家,也樂於寫章回小說去滿足普羅大眾的白日夢。3 這些使他與「五四」新文學發展的主流格格不入,而「鴛鴦蝴蝶派」作家,通俗小說作家等稱號使他在現代文學史中常被冷待。然而夏濟安就曾提出過這樣的問題「清末小說和民國以來的『禮拜六』派小說藝術成就,可能比新小說高,可惜不被人注意。」4
本文無意評價張恨水的文學史地位,而通俗文學作品也自有其意義和重要性。這點西方學者理查德﹒霍加特( Richard Hoggart )就曾指出:
把大眾藝術當作「高雅藝術」(個人的、有活力的、非功利的、有趣的)提出來或作為「高雅藝術」來接受,這也就是大眾藝術的死亡。5
我們沒有必要把張恨水的作品以「高雅文學」(或純文學)的角度看待。事實上,作為「鴛鴦蝴蝶派」的大師,他擁有「五四」時期為數眾多的中文讀者,而且在文學語言及藝術功能兩方面構成了對「五四」文學的補充與挑戰。6
或許我們可以考慮一下夏志清教授對「鴛鴦蝴蝶派」小說的批評: 我們認為這一派的小說家是值得我們好好的去研究的。這一派的小說,雖然不一定有什麼文學價值,但卻可以提供一些寶貴的社會性的資料。那就是民國時期的中國讀者喜歡做的究竟是那幾種白日夢?7
與大多數的通俗小說家一樣,張恨水的小說多是出版兩次的:先在報章或雜誌上連載,反應理想便再結集出版。這些連載的通俗小說,為了市場需要,作者在創作過程中許多時都要考慮讀者的趣味,理論上小說會盡可能滿足大眾市民的白日夢。這種讀者「閱讀期待」的考慮常使作者、讀者、出版者之間對作品產生微妙的影響,張恨水是鴛鴦蝴蝶派的大師,當然是滿足市民白日夢的高手了。8 張恨水的三部經典言情小說《春明外史》、《金粉世家》、《啼笑閃緣》都曾哄動一時,而且又一部比一部受歡迎, 同是說著「才子佳人」的夢,當中又有著微妙的變化。作者提供了讀者什麼樣的白日夢?他又如何說著這些夢?
此外,陳平原亦指出,通俗文學除了體現流行的審美趣味外,更重要的是體現了大眾文化精神。「對於體現潛在的大眾文化心理,十篇嚴謹的政治論文或許不如一部成功的通俗文學來得直接和深刻。」9 這點華萊士﹒馬丁(Wallace Martin)在《當代敘事學》一書中也有相似的見解:
文學批評家很少屈尊去研究流行的,公式化的敘事類型,如偵探小說,現代羅曼史,西部小說,連續廣播劇等,如果它們的無意識內容能夠被發現的話,它們也許會提供我們社會的有趣信息。10
在以下的論文裏,第一,我們會透過對張恨水三部經典作品《春明外史》、《金粉世家》、《啼笑閃緣》作出分析,看看它們提供了讀者什麼樣的白日夢,並從中了解張恨水言情小說的一些特點;第二,我們嘗試找尋三篇小說中的共同敘事結構,看看它們有否提供一些有關我們社會的「有趣信息」。
成長是這樣苦澀的 : 論王文興《十五篇小說》中的成長故事, Ka Lung Ho
成長是這樣苦澀的 : 論王文興《十五篇小說》中的成長故事, Ka Lung Ho
Dissertations from all years
王文興憑著長篇小說《家變》和《背海的人》飲譽文壇,然而,他早期的短篇創作卻沒有得到廣泛的注意,其價值被湮沒不彰。
王文興早期的短篇小說計有十五篇,收錄於《十五篇小說》。在這十五個短篇中,以青少年成長作為題材的達九篇之多,內容是描寫少年主角在成長路上所經歷的各式各樣的困難,以及隨之而來的情緒變化,可以將它們命名為「成為系列」。九篇「成為系列」作品,不單文字精美,而且其有相當的心理深度,篇篇皆是各具圓面的精品,充分表現出王文興對青少年的心態的極細緻掌握。
本篇論文,會以西方啟蒙小說的角度,探討《十五篇小說》中的「成為系列」作品,並結合心理分析理論,透析王文興筆下的青少年在經歷困難時所產生的心靈變化。第一部份將會簡介王文興的《十五篇小說》以及淺析成長小說與啟蒙小說的理論,為往後的討論提供一點背景資料。接著,便將「成為系列」的九篇作品分為三個主題來討論:(一) 成長中的人際關係;(二) 性與愛的困惑;(三) 生命與死亡的思考,最後為全文總結。盼望籍著以上三個部份,探討「成為系列」的藝術層面和思想內涵,
並了解王文興那圓熟,高妙的創作手法,以及深刻的人生觀照,重新審識王文興早期作品的藝術價值。
狂與死論果戈里《狂人日記》和《外套》的悲劇意識, Oi Fong Chan
狂與死論果戈里《狂人日記》和《外套》的悲劇意識, Oi Fong Chan
Dissertations from all years
悲劇 (Tragedy),本來是古希臘戲劇類型的一種。但隨著各種文體的不斷發展,悲劇已不再局限於戲劇的領域,而成為共具有審美價值的悲劇,也就是說即使詩歌、小說、繪畫、雕塑等只要其情節內涵或主題思想具有悲劇的元素,均可視為悲劇作品。多臣(D. M. Dodson) 曾說:「悲劇超越文學之類型與形式,因為它具備獨有的哲學性內容,而這些內容,可以用任何具備情節的文體如戲劇、小說、甚至敘事詩來表達。」1 所以,本論文將會用「悲劇」來討論果戈里的兩篇小說。
果戈里(Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol, 1809-1852) 2 是十九世紀俄國著名的小說家、戲劇家。他在俄國危機重重的時代成長,並懷著滿腔熱情,充滿幻想地走進理想中的首都彼得堡。現實和理想之間的差距,使他大為失望。他在寄給母親的信中說:「彼得堡並不如我所想像般,我把它想像得過份美麗堂皇了,過去人們說有關它的傳說都是假的。」3 他認為俄國正處於一個「病入膏育的不健康時代」,「處處亂七八糟」、「一切都不可靠」。4 他在小說〈涅夫斯基大街〉中曾這樣說:
最奇怪的是涅斯夫基大街上所發生的事情,千萬別去相信這條涅夫斯基大街啊!當我走過這條街的時候,我總會把斗薘裹得更緊些,盡量不去看見迎面所遇到的東西。一切都是欺騙,一切都是幻影,一切都是表面上我們所看到的樣子不同! ......涅夫斯基大街老是在撒謊。(頁61-62) 5
涅夫斯基大街是彼得堡一條重要的街道,它用美麗繁華的外殼來遮掩骯髒腐朽的內核。果戈里對此大街的描寫,正真實地反映山當時俄國社會表裡不一的虛假面貌。在揭開這個假具後,果戈里開始以現實生活的小人物為題材,並為他們作了各種特寫,把他們的窮困生活、悲慘的遭遇、痛苦的掙扎細緻地描繪山來。
〈狂人日記〉和〈外套〉就分別描寫了兩個地位低微的九品官的命運。〈狂人日記〉講述主人公波普里西金 (以下稱他為狂人) 每天在部裡為部長削鵝毛筆,收入微薄,四十來歲,還沒有能力娶妻。後來戀上了部長的千金莎菲,卻受到上司的嚴厲斥責。後因壓抑過度而發了瘋。瘋狂後,更把自己幻想成西班牙皇帝,對部裡的人胡言亂語,最後被關進瘋人院,受盡種種折磨。而〈外套〉則講述主人公阿加基忠於自己的工作,但卻經常被人欺負,受盡上級冷酷的對待,而且還過著十分貧窮的生活。他歷盡千辛萬苦地儲蓄,做一件聊以過冬的新外套,卻在製成的第一天被人搶去。向警察局長和有力人士求助,反遭侮辱和斥責。最後,在絕望中一命嗚呼!後來,阿加基的鬼魂出現,要尋固自己被搶去的外套,到他搶走有力人士的外套後,使再沒有被鬼魂搶外套的事件發生。
這兩個悲劇不同於古典悲劇。古典悲劇中的主角都是一些英雄人物,他們對於苦難都有自覺的抗爭意識,面對無法抵抗的力量時,明知自己必然會打敗,甚至因此而犧牲性命,但仍與惡勢力鬥爭到底,表現出一種豪邁、悲壯、威武的崇高美。6 而波普里西金和阿加基都只是一些「不為任何人所庇護的,誰也不會愛惜的,誰也不會去關心的」小人物 (頁128)。在十八世紀以前,這些小人物根本不可能成為悲劇的主角,但自德國啟蒙運動家萊辛 (Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, 1729-1781) 7 提倡「市民悲劇」以後,微不足道的小人物和地位卑微的下層人民都得以進身悲劇主人公的行列。雖然他們對自身的悲劇命運缺乏認識,對苦難的反抗和忍受也沒有悲劇英雄那麼明顯,但他們的形象仍具有強烈的悲劇性。
以下將會先對小人物悲劇作一簡單介紹,然後再集中討論果戈里〈狂人日記〉和〈外套〉的悲劇意識,當中分別會從悲劇的衝突、悲劇人物和悲劇效果三方面加以論述。
小小, Xijing Chen
小小, Xijing Chen
Dissertations from all years
我選擇文學創作做為畢業論文題目,大部份原因是在二年級上完文學創作的課程後,對寫作重拾信心一一寫作真的是可以教的!記得以前寫文章時,我總是千篇一律的開門見山點出主題,最後再激烈的加以頌讚,現在想起來還真有點難為情。如果在用詞、詞序、情節安排、語氣運用、敘事角度等方面下功夫,相同的題材可以顯得更具深度。試驗的過程中,真的覺得這是件非常奇妙的東西。
另一個原因是基於對家鄉的想念及不能忘懷的感情,促使我選擇了這個題材。聽過很多,自己也會認為拉開距離後的故鄉,甚麼都是好的。可事實是否如此呢?我離開家鄉已有十一年,回去的時候,看到家鄉的經濟發展起來了,物質生活豐富了;可是另外有些方面,人們依然愚昧地依循一些舊風俗、價值觀,例如女孩在婚前談過戀愛就是壞女孩;不敢打老婆的男人往往被視為懦夫;出嫁後要回娘家,得問準公婆、丈夫的允許等等。所有這些往往無意中造成一齣齣無可挽救的悲劇,而這些悲劇還在延續上演著。這些年來,不斷聽到一些新聞,諸如!誰家的媳婦瘋了、自殺了,較為樂觀的是有少數離婚了,心中有些慶幸自己有機會和一個不同的環境生活、體驗,另一方面也深感難過,所以就籍著創作來抒發向己的感情。
記得剛開始決定做創作時,梁教授問我,是不是真的很想做?有沒有足夠的材料?是的,是的,我有太多的材料了,問題是不知如何選擇,而且,沒有定下個主題,心里總有些不踏實,感覺有如大海里的孤舟,不知何去何從。因為以前寫文章總是很明確的:這是要讚揚母愛的;那是要歌頌祖國的。梁教授說,先別想那麼多,就把你很想寫的寫出來。最後這文章就在梁教授不斷的鼓勵、建議而又不干涉故事發展的情形下完成了。
我選擇以第一人稱 ”我” 為敘事者,因為這對於初學者來說,應該是較易掌握的敘事角度,同時也有助於抒發感情。文中的大多數人物,都是真有其人的。常然了,有的是一個人物身上,集齊了好幾個人的經驗,例如小小,後半部的故事,即結婚後到自殺,都是用了我所聽到的、見到的事件做為藍本的。
不可否認的是,虛構故事對於我來說,是存在一定困難的。故事中有很多情節的都是真的經驗,特別是 “我” 和小小小時侯的那些趣事。在虛構的部份,我安排了較多伏筆,例如坐長途車疲勞、回家後貪新鮮泡了個冷水浴,開始有點不舒服,睡覺時又錯過了午飯等等,都是為得知小小自殺後的一連串又是頭痛、又是嘔吐、昏睡的反應做準備。在生理方面極度疲勞的情況下,再聽到如此震撼的消息,那一連串的反應可說是較為合情理的。
另一個大的難題使是人物性格的塑造,文中的主角小小由始至終沒有正式登場,我心目中想塑造的是一個倔強、敢言、耐勞、固執、主動追求自己幸福、但又有些迷信、有位傳統 (認命) 的形象。這些都只是透過一些生活細節、人物行動、對話去襯托,可能未能如期達到心目中的效果。另外比較容易塑造的人物應該是小小的母親大喊的,她是個貪小便宜、見錢眼開、愚昧、虛偽、重男輕女、粗俗的、較為負面的角色。雖然我明知人性是遠比 “好” “壞” 複雜得多的,但她主要的任務是帶出造成悲劇的原因及小小受到的不公平對待,所以她在文中終於以一個較為醜陋的形象出現;女中另一個主要人物價是姐姐,她是個傳話者,是她把小小的消息告訴 “我” 的;但她的角色又不止於此,她同時是小小兒時的玩伴、是姐姐、是妻子,在新的家庭中,她的地位是怎樣的呢?在告知“我” 有關小小的事時,她的態度應是怎樣的呢? 這些都是我在創作過程中所考慮的問題,希望文中她的行為能令人信服。她婚後的生活,明顯的有些地方是和小小不同的:沒有公婆、丈夫曾外出工作,較為開通。相對於小小、阿芬來說,她是較為自由的,而外出見見外面的世界,沒有公婆的限制,不再局限於一個封閉的環境,好像是擁有自由生活的大前提。這可做為小小之所以如此執著於第份一感情的註腳吧。
小小對於聰啊,僅止於少女懷春式的愛戀嗎?創作過程中,梁教授曾提議說不如嘗試加入其它元素,從而令文章有更深層的意思一一她有另外一種期望的,她嚮往另一種不同於鄉間的生活方式。而聰啊,可能是一個最快可令她脫離鄉間生活的人。當她總到村中的流言蜚語時,她只能無聱的反抗;到後來連和她同一陣線的聰啊也離她而去時,她徹底失望了,雖然她不知道背後的原因一一所以她很快答應了一頭婚事,同時也開始了她的惡夢。
在安排小小自殺的時候,我曾擔心欠缺說服力,因為她是個任勞任怨的人,而且已育有一女,照理說是不會那麼輕易自殺的。文中安排了阿三的探訪,說出當件聰啊和她分手的原因:她腳頭不好!這是有些諷刺的,小小所嚮往的生活里的人,也是如村里的人, 一樣的有些根深蒂固的傳統觀念的,即使她離開了家鄉,真的使幸福了嗎?至於她狠心拋下女兒的原因,則用阿芬的遭遇來幫助說明這一點,她的女兒一向是跟祖母的,她只能算是那個家庭中的出氣筒、奴隸、生育工具,而且在明白了現實生活戀無可戀、她嚮往的也不過如此的時候,她的自殺應該是較為說得通的。
文章中的對話多數採用福建方言,對於我來說,這是一次新的嘗試,雖然這並不是甚麼新鮮的玩意。運用的時候,也過到了一些困難,例如有些是有音無字的;有的呢,可能跟廣東話同字不同意,例如“唔通",福建方言的解釋是“不要",廣東話則有“難道” 的意思。在寫作過科中,我也看了不少台灣作家如王禎和、黃春明、李昂等人的小說,希望從中偷師。當然了,語言試驗的主要目的並非要造成陌生化,而是為了配合文章的需要:這文章寫的是農村,整體風格都是比較樸質的(梁教授說的) ,用方言有助於人物形象的塑造,對話中加入口語,也是力求自然的。
寫完這篇文章,我可以說是獲益良多。首先很重要的一點是,不厭其煩的再提一次,重建了我對寫作的信心。只要肯拿起筆,一定能寫出文章來的。以前覺得一些抽象的事物是文字所不能表達的,甚至是只可意會不可言傳的(當然這是因為我自己能力有限的緣故) ,例如說頭痛的感覺,動作的描寫等等。其實不出的的原因,大部份得歸咎於平日疏於觀察,包括外在事物的觀察及人物心理、性格的觀察。試想想,每天有多少人跟我們擦身而過,我們所留意到的有幾個呢?如果要我們描述他們的外貌,我們又能否做到呢?在寫這文章時,我真的是一邊寫,一邊怨恨自己平時沒有多點觀察周圍的事物,以至於落得個「事到用時方嫌少」的地步。
其次,在寫作過程中,帶給我很多甜蜜的回憶,一些差點被遺忘的經歷。當我寫到兒時趣事時,一幕幕畫面清晰地重現眼前,這對於我逐漸泠漠的心,無疑是一碗心靈雞湯。同時,藉著寫作,令我有機會認真的去思考、看待家鄉及那里的人和事,對他們的生活方式、人生態度、處世方式及其背後之原因,有更深入的了解。
當然了,最大的得益還是明白到:創作是可以教的。只要肯用功,再加上良師指導,每個人都可以做得更好。在寫文章時,我遇到不少困難,前面也已提過,其中有個大毛病,就是常常流於交代、解說。梁教授不厭其煩的加以指點,有時相同的句子,只是調一調次序,就可突出主題而又避免了交代性,這樣的例子可以說是多不勝數。語氣的運用,對於整篇文章的風格也起著很大的作用。所有這些技巧的運用,都是非常重要的。
最後,特別謝謝梁教段對我的指導。在這一年里,梁教授無論有多忙,都一而再、再而三的加以指點;連我自己都看厭了自己的主章,梁教授仍毫不嫌棄的從頭到尾看了一次又一次,有時候我都有些不好意思,要他看這麼一篇囉囉嗦嗦的文章之餘,又要顧及學生的自尊,其難為了梁教授,再次謝謝他!
如果這文章中有任何可取的地方,全賴梁教授的指點、教導及鼓勵;有任何不足之處,全因本人的能力有限,千萬別錯怪了梁教授!
孫老爺, Chui Shan So
孫老爺, Chui Shan So
Dissertations from all years
我實在很喜歡寫作。於是,前我知道二年級有創作課的時候,日盼夜思希望能成功選修。希望沒有落空,課上獲益良多,敘事角度的運用、如何佈局、結樽安排、心理描寫......。就是這樣,寫了第一個短篇小說。早在創作班的時候,便想寫個關於老人的故事。我知道,我會很喜歡這個小說。當時,故事藍本在腦裏,主人公的輪廓巨大概已有,只是寫得好並不容易,我不想這個小說成為初試牛刀的犧牲品,便擱置了這個念頭。幸運地,今年的畢業論文首次可撰寫文學創作,決定以一篇小說作畢業論文時,我便知道這個故事要誕生。
這個小說真可形容為十月懷胎才誕生的心血結晶。慶幸的是有經驗豐富的婦產科醫生(相信梁教授不會介意我作這個比喻)教我怎樣照顧胎兒。透過超聲波看到胎兒手腳逐漸形成,我很高興。他教我吃些甚麼才能令胎兒吸收足夠的養份,使之健全成長。吸煙、酗酒等惡習必須戒掉,以免影響胎兒的健康。否則,也許會胎死腹中,或成了畸形兒。當然,分娩之際,醫生在旁催生,十分擔心嬰兒的安危。在他鼓勵之下,嬰兒可謂順利出生,雖不是個美人胚子,但總算十分健康。
在此,衷心感謝梁教授的悉心指導與鼓勵!
小說講述一個老人故事,夾有現實與回憶,故事可說橫跨了數十年光景。全篇小說可以用一個「變」字形容。嘉芙離家的時帳,祖父胖胖的。三年後回來,祖父變得廋骨嶙峋,由行動自如至失禁失憶。隨著時代的轉變,酒樓食肆吃的東西不同了,裝潢不同了。沙田也逐漸在變,甚至人與人的親情也變質了。就是小說的敘事角度也隨時在變。小說運用了多種敘事角度,以分節片斷的形式來敘說這個老人的故事。有些片斷是孫老爺的回憶、獨白,有些從小孩的觀貼出發,描寫靈堂氛圍的時候則用全知觀點。章節都沒有點明確實時間,這是小說的特點,跳躍性十分強。初讀的時候,因時空的突然跳轉可能感到少許混亂,只要細看,便看出其肌理。
小說的人物有老至八十歲,也有剛學會說話的孩子。於是人物的行為、語言、心理也得有適當的模仿,把他們安放在甚麼場景,與那個人物產生化學作用。舉個例子:人們說童言無忌,小孩子的說話是最真摯、不經修飾的,所以我安排綽綽在一個本來充滿童稚的場景,把殘酷的事實(「公公醜,公公尿尿,醜醜。」) 告訴姑姑,告訴公公,也告訴讀者。又如, 描寫靈堂裏人物的一舉一動都盡量不帶情感批判,以第十六至十七節為例,由百合花的消隱,紙人呆呆站著,以至演默劇的子孫是寫人與人的疏離。另一方面,小說有些章節精簡地寫了孫老爺對阿妹的眷戀,嘉芙、堯叔等對聽孫老爺的孝心與關懷。
老人總愛緬懷過去,小說中孫老爺是個不便於行,記憶力差的八十老人。小說預先安排孫老爺重複問嘉芙同一個問題,或是把年輕時發生的事誤以為仍在進行,令小說結尾更自然。小說結尾,孫老爺把夢境與現質混淆,產生幻覺。我特意運用急促的語氣、跳躍的句子寫孫老爺神智不清。重復又重複的語句,現實與幻像,真假交錯纏繞。除此以外,小說裏有少許的超現實主義。十九個章節中,三次出現蝴蝶的意象,或有意或無意。我不知道蝴蝶是否也跟蛇一樣有一特定象徵意義,或能以弗氏心理分析去解釋,只是認為章節裏加上這樣一個意象,能為小說增添額外的情意。
小說最難寫的是孫老爺內心獨自的部份。對於一個剛過二十的小丫頭來說,要模仿八十歲老人的思維,揣摩他說話的語氣實在困難。心裏掙扎很久,都不敢下筆,怕寫得怪模怪樣,或是寫成娘娘腔。初稿交給梁教授看,正如所料,寫得不太成功。拿回的時候足有三十隻烏黑的蒼蠅伏在上面,很多字被省去。(那份稿子我仍保存著呢。)梁教授要我注意,男性說話比較直截了當,要寫得利落,不像女性般忸怩纖細。經多次修改及梁教授的鼓勵,現在的版本好多了。
現在小說裏,孫老爺的妻子「阿妹」在第九節裏被水淹死。原來,我的構思並非這樣安排的。「阿妹」沒有死,但寫完初稿之後,發現「阿妹」出場的次數太少。而且在中國傳統家庭觀念裏,丈夫有病,身為妻子的卻不在身邊侍候,是說不過去的。後來想到,若是「阿妹」死了,孫老爺欠伴兒,爺孫倆的感情的建立來得更順理成章。拍照的時候,念著早喪的「阿妹」也能增加小說的悲劇性,便決定修改。
為了寫靈堂、喪禮,除了靠自身體驗以外,我到關書館翻閱有關喪葬禮儀、死亡禁忌、中國死亡習俗等書籍,更特意致電紅磡曲街一家殯儀用品老商號,打算作一個簡短訪問。可惜老闆並不友善,我被拒絕了。為了把紙紮公仔寫得更全神,我冒昧走訪屯門一家衣紙店,幸而這家店的老闆樂於問答我的問題,使描寫靈堂與喪葬禮儀掌握得更準確。有時候,我整整坐一天才寫寥寥三百字,情況更惡劣的時候只有一百字。我終於明白「讀書破萬卷,下筆如有神」的道理。那個時候,我實在恨自己讀書太少。有時我又會安慰自己:「王文興每天也只寫一百字而已。」相信,這篇論文如要做到「下筆如有神」,除了「讀書破萬卷」以外,平日細心觀察身邊人的言行舉止,都有助寫出「神」來。隨著心理變化,人的一眉一目也在表達情感。現在,又有多少人能留意、關心身邊人?尤其是自己的父母或長輩。
同學問我:「小說是否真人真事?嘉芙是不是你? 」
這個問題令我想到寫《大亨小傳》的費茲傑羅的說話:「在每一篇故事裡,都有一滴我在內――不是血、不是淚、不是精華,而是更親密的自己,真正擠出來的。」
王文興小說研究 : 從寫實、現代到後現代, Chung Kai Chan
王文興小說研究 : 從寫實、現代到後現代, Chung Kai Chan
Dissertations from all years
王文興的小說自出版以來經常備受爭議,其中以《家變》最厲害,批評者的褒貶很極端,這種情況就好像西方現代主義文學作品在二十世紀初面世時所受的批評相似。筆者不想參與輕率褒貶的行列,而欲借用西方文學理論,加上台灣的社會文化背景來分析王文興的小說特色和發展,並且嘗試以新的角度細讀及賞析他的小說。本論文把王文興的《十五篇小說》、《家變》、《背海的人》上、下兩部順序分成三個階段,頭兩部小說各代表一個階段,《背海的人》上、下兩部代表最後一個階段。每章寫到一個階段的開始會個別分析每部小說的特色,然後分析每剖小說在王文興的小說創作中扮演的角色,從而尋找王文興小說的發展軌跡。由於王文興常被批評者視為現代主義者,閃此本論文將會分析他的小說與現代主義的關係,並且以此作為論文的主要內容。最後,本論文會總結以上四本小說的共同特徵,然後借用詹明信(Fredric Jameson)的理論來看它們的發展模式,並且提出現代主義以外的看法。
Concert Recording 2000-12-07, Barrett Hipes, Stan Morris, Mickey Mcfetridge, Nathan Mcleod, William Reyes, Ryan Fourt, Justin Hamby, Claudia Burson, Joy Hamby, Wally Liles, Dennis Anderson, Mark Burnett, April Vaughan
Concert Recording 2000-12-07, Barrett Hipes, Stan Morris, Mickey Mcfetridge, Nathan Mcleod, William Reyes, Ryan Fourt, Justin Hamby, Claudia Burson, Joy Hamby, Wally Liles, Dennis Anderson, Mark Burnett, April Vaughan
Concert Recordings & Programs
Content: Improvisation et caprice / Eugene Bozza -- Dialogue for two saxophones / Fisher Tull -- Favela / Antonio Carlos Jobim -- Sampa / Caetano Velosa -- Have yourself a merry little Christmas ; Send it on down / Mark Cardon -- Goldrush Suite. Sweet Betsy from Pike / Jack Marshall -- Fantazia / Orlando Gibbons -- An American in Paris / George Gershwin, arr. Cappuccio
Development Of An Interactive Multimedia Research Information System For The Archival Of The Music And Culture Of The Sliabh Luachra Area, Martina O'Neill
Development Of An Interactive Multimedia Research Information System For The Archival Of The Music And Culture Of The Sliabh Luachra Area, Martina O'Neill
Theses
We are living in a world where communication is introducing much multiculturalism into society. Irish music is being mixed with music from all different cultures creating a worldwide acceptable type of "Irish Music\ As a result we are losing our true culture which is rooted in the Irish music and dance. This primary focus of this project was to set up an archival system to store the music of the Sliabh Luachra area. The music of the Sliabh Luachra area is a rich and rare heritage and was influenced greatly by the music of Padraig O’Keeffe, a renowned fiddle master …
The Management, Growth, And Development Of The Suzuki Method Of String Pedagogy At Cork School Of Music From 1969-1999, Patricia Mccarthy
The Management, Growth, And Development Of The Suzuki Method Of String Pedagogy At Cork School Of Music From 1969-1999, Patricia Mccarthy
Theses
The Suzuki method of string playing was introduced to Ireland, and indeed to Europe, by the Cork School of Music in 1969.
This study examines the way the method was ' discovered' in Cork, the reasons why it was introduced, how it was misunderstood in the beginning and how, through careful management and by staff development it changed and developed into the successful programme it is today.
Through empirical research I have conducted a detailed investigation into the way in which the programme was managed from its earliest introduction.
Chapter 1 explains what the method is and how it operates. …
The Flute Sonatas Of Thomas Roseingrave (1688-1766), Brid Grant
The Flute Sonatas Of Thomas Roseingrave (1688-1766), Brid Grant
Masters
This research project is a study of the XII Solos for A German flute with a through base for the Harpsichord by Thomas Roseingrave, an eighteenth-century composer and performer. In the context of eighteenth-century musical life, Roseingrave occupies a position as a minor, but noteworthy, composer. He was highly regarded as a performer by his contemporaries, and some of his compositions have endured to the present time. The work presents an overview of his life and gives a descriptive analysis and new edition of his flute sonatas
Transitional Justice, Ruiti G. Teitel
Transitional Justice, Ruiti G. Teitel
Books
Ruti Teitel explores the ways in which a society should respond to evil rule. This is an insightful analysis of one of the most fundamental political science issues of our times - how the emerging democracies in Eastern Europe and elsewhere should deal with the legal systems inherited from their authoritarian pasts.
Should the past system be repudiated altogether? Should the leaders from the authoritarian period be punished? If so, how? Under what principles of law would punishment be justified, given that the leaders were, in general, acting legally according to the legal systems in effect at the time? This …
Anglo-Japanese Naval Cooperation, 1914-1918, Timothy D. Saxon
Anglo-Japanese Naval Cooperation, 1914-1918, Timothy D. Saxon
Faculty Publications and Presentations
Focuses on the cooperation between British and Japanese naval forces in World War I (WWI) from 1914 to 1918. Historical account of Japanese involvement in WWI as a jackal state; Accounts on the Japanese naval assistance to allied operations in the Mediterranean Sea; Alliance of Japan with Great Britain to pursue an expansionist policy designed to increase territorial gains.
The Disappearance Of The Author And Chicana-Chicano Critical Discourse, Hector A. Torres
The Disappearance Of The Author And Chicana-Chicano Critical Discourse, Hector A. Torres
English Language and Literature Faculty Publications
In "Toward a Theory of Minority Discourses,"(1990), Abdul R. JanMohammed and David Lloyd address the complex question of the economy of the author-function as it affects minority writers in multicultural America today. Certainly there are faults in their narrative articulations as there are bound to be in any theory that moves towards a comprehensive grasp of its topic. But there is also much to praise in this work and even more than ten years later we can still learn a lot from it if we can put into practice many of the theoretical protocols they put into narrative. The aim …