Engineering Science and Materials Commons^™

Surface Characteristics Evolution Of 316l Stainless Steel Induced By Tension Loading, Kanokwan Antanam, Surasak Kuimalee, Panya Buahombura, Waraporn Piyawit

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

316L stainless steel has been employed as a medical implant material owing to its advantageous biocompatibility and durability. The microstructure and surface characteristics of 316L play a crucial role in implant application. Diverse processing methods were utilized to modify the surface properties of 316L to customize the characteristics of medical devices. Mechanical deformation induces changes in the microstructure and causes changes in surface topography. In this study, we introduced deformation to 316L by applying uniaxial tension at strain values ranging from 2% to 25%. During sample preparation, electrochemical polishing was employed to eliminate the deformed layers generated by mechanical grinding. …

Sbr Elastomer Response To Renewable Diesel Blends: An Experimental Investigation, Andrias Rahman Wimada, Ni Putu Dian Nitamiwati, Fatimah Tresna Pratiwi, Maharanni Dewi Solikhah, Bina Restituta Barus, Eki Dwi Wijanarko, Riesta Anggarani, Lies Asiyah, Setyo Widodo, Arfi Thahar, Soni Solistia Wirawan

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

To investigate the impact of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) exposure to renewable fuels during handling and storage processes, compatibility tests were conducted on three different renewable fuel mixtures: 30% biodiesel, 40% biodiesel, and 30% biodiesel + 10% hydrogenated vegetable oil. These tests involved static immersion experiments conducted at room temperature for a duration of 1000 h, following the ASTM D471 standards. Before and after the immersion tests, the physical properties and visually assessed elastomers concentrations were investigated by varying the SBR content. Additionally, the post-immersion fuel properties were examined. The results showed that mass and volume swelling increased with the …

Bifunctional Cationic Modification Of Modal Fabric For Sustainable In Textile Dyeing With Spent Coffee Grounds, Monthon Nakpathom, Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit, Sarute Ummartyotin, Pisutsaran Chitichotpanya, Nattaya Vuthiganond

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In order to dye cellulose or regenerated cellulose with natural dyes, toxic metal mordants are generally employed. In response to this issue, the novel bifunctional cationic agent was pretreated to modify modal (regenerated cellulose) fabric prior to dyeing to enhance the fiber-dye affinity. The cationization reaction was carried out using a compound containing bicationic sites, N,N'-(oxybis (ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-aminium. This unique cationic agent is capable of producing nonvolatile amine and has no odor problem. The successful cationic modification was confirmed through FTIR spectroscopy and zeta potential measurement. The cationized process was optimized at a cationic and sodium hydroxide concentration …

Designing Biphasic Nanocellulose Hydrogels To Mimic The Complex Cartilage-Bone Interface, Sairash Sairash, Sirinee Jirajessada, Supansa Yodmuang

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Osteochondral lesions, which affect both the cartilage and the bone, present significant challenges in treatment due to the complex mechanical and biochemical properties of these tissues. A crucial consideration in developing tissue replacements for these lesions is the simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and calcified cartilage, which forms the transition zone to bone. Our current study aims to fabricate a bilayer polymeric hydrogel designed not only to support cartilage regeneration but also to serve as an interface between cartilage and bone. The bilayer hydrogel was created by combining oxidized bacterial nanocellulose, gelatin, and alginate in one layer, while the other layer …

The Impact Of Hot Rolling, Zn And Sn On The Mechanical And Corrosion Characteristics Of Mg-Zn-Ca Alloys, Halil Eren, Ali Güngör, Erkan Koç, Harun Çuğ

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In this study, it was aimed to develop a biodegradable metallic plate that is an alternative to bioinert metal plates. The main advantage of using biodegradable materials for implants is that they can be gradually replaced with the patient's own tissue, which reduces the need for additional surgeries to remove the implant after it has served its purpose. Magnesium and its alloys can provide biocompatibility as orthopedic implant materials. Mg-Zn-Ca and Mg-Zn-Ca-Sn alloys were prepared using the gravity die casting method. Zn (1.0 wt% and 2.0 wt%) and Sn (0.0 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt%) ratios were used as …

Nutrient Retention And Availability Of Biochars Prepared By Co-Pyrolysis Of Vinasse With Sugarcane Filter Cake, Siraprapra Suwanree, Jesper T.N. Knijnenburg, Emirhan M. Ölҫer, Kaewta Jetsrisuparb

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The disposal of vinasse, a nutrient-rich by-product of ethanol production, is challenging because of the low pH and emissions of harmful gases and smells. Here, biochars were produced by pyrolysis of mixtures of filter cake and vinasse (0.25 w/v to 1 w/v) at 550℃. The effects of filter cake to vinasse ratios on the biochar yield, pH, ash content, total nutrient (P, K, Ca, and Mg) content, and nutrient availability were investigated. Increasing the filter cake to vinasse ratio increased the biochar yield and ash content and lowered the biochar pH from 10.3 for 0.25-BC to 8.2 for filter cake …

Modification Of Gas Atomized Metal Powders Through Mechanical Chemical Bonding Technique, Philip Thomas Mallory

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become popular for commercial applications where high-performance parts can now be created, tested, and modified more efficiently thus expediting the design process. Because of its relatively easy access today a lot of research and improvements are coming out yearly for improved AM machines and the material used. At WVU, a new way of modifying as-receive commercial gas-atomized metal powders used in AM has been developed using Mechanical Chemical Bonding (MCB) methodology which uses high rotational blades to create an environment where it increases the particle-on-particle interaction. During this high energetic process all irregular shaped particles, with …

Inherently Porous Metal Structures With Sufficient Mechanical Properties Through Direct Writing Of Bio-Based Inks, Havva Eda Aysal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There is currently a burgeoning interest in developing 3D printed metal structures with inherent porosity and sufficient mechanical properties for mass customization in the biomedical field. Current approaches for 3D printing of biocompatible metals rely on powder-bed fusion methods which are energy intensive and utilize large amounts of metal powder that is challenging to recycle. In addition, such methods aim on producing dense parts and porosity generation, within the printed part, is challenging due to the complex physics of the melting pool. Here, a relatively new and promising approach is undertaken to study the 3D printing of inherently porous structures …

A Review Of Emerging Sensor Technologies For Tank Inspection: A Focus On Lidar And Hyperspectral Imaging And Their Automation And Deployment, Sergio Pallas Enguita, Chung-Hao Chen, Samuel Kovacic

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper reviews various sensor technologies for tank inspection, focusing on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) as advanced solutions for corrosion detection. These technologies are evaluated alongside traditional methods such as ultrasonic, electromagnetic, and thermographic inspections. This review highlights their potential to enhance inspection accuracy, reduce the limitations of manual inspection, and support integrated data analysis for comprehensive asset management. Additionally, this paper proposes a pathway for automating these techniques to streamline inspection processes and improve implementation in practical applications.

Analysis Of Marine Zone Management In Disputed Island Territories, Khomsin Khomsin, Danar Guruh Pratomo, Ayu Isnania Zahra

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Indonesia has 17,204 islands registered, named, and coordinated by Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). The number of islands can threaten maritime boundary disputes between provinces, districts, and cities. One of the disputes is the claim over Pulau Tujuh, which is mutually contested for ownership by the Province of Bangka Belitung and the Province of Riau Islands. This study aims to analyze the marine management zone of the Pulau Tujuh claim. It is carried out using the cartometric method. This study of regional boundaries refers to the Regulation of The Minister of Home Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia 141 of 2017, …

Multi-Mode Regulation Of The Drying Process Of Industrial Gas, Isamidin Xakimovich Sidikov Pr, Nashvandova Gulruxsor Murot Qizi Phd

Technical science and innovation

Currently, much attention is paid to the issue of energy efficiency of gas processing enterprises. The continuous growth of world prices for energy resources requires constant improvement of the management system, providing the most optimal conditions for the flow of technological processes. A conceptual model of the heat-mass transfer process occurring in the absorber as an object of research has been developed, which characterizes the relationship of the variables involved in the drying process of natural gas, control, measurable and immeasurable, as well as controlled parameters have been selected, which are used to develop and study a mathematical model of …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

An In-Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study On The Interfacial Process Of Carbonate-Based Electrolyte On Nanostructured Silver Electrode, Yu Gu, Yuan-Fei Hu, Wei-Wei Wang, En-Ming You, Shuai Tang, Jian-Jia Su, Jun Yi, Jia-Wei Yan, Zhong-Qun Tian, Bing-Wei Mao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in anodes for rechargeable lithium-based battery technologies. However, a thorough understanding in the mechanisms of SEI formation and evolution remains a major challenge, hindering the rapid development and wide applications of Li-based batteries. Here, we devise a borrowing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity strategy by utilizing a size optimized Ag nanosubstrate to in-situ monitor the formation and evolution of SEI, as well as its structure and chemistry in an ethylene carbonate-based electrolyte. To ensure a reliable in-situ SERS investigation, we designed a strict air-tight Raman cell with a three-electrode configuration. Based on …

Nitrogen-Doped Graphite Felt On The Performance Of Aqueous Quinone-Based Redox Flow Batteries, Heng Zhang, Li-Xing Xia, Shan Jiang, Fu-Zhi Wang, Zhan-Ao Tan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Modification of electrode is vitally important for achieving high energy efficiency in aqueous quinone-based redox flow batteries (AQRFBs). The modification of graphite felt (GF) was carried out by means of urea hydrothermal reaction, and simultaneously, the effects of hydrothermal reaction time on the functional groups and surface structure of nitrogen-doped graphite felt were studied. The surface morphology and defect, element content and surface chemical state of the modified electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance of the modified electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance …

Electrochemical Performance Of Porous Ceramic Supported Tubular Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell, Heng-Ji Wang, Wen-Guo Chen, Zhou-Yi Quan, Kai Zhao, Yi-Fei Sun, Min Chen, Ogenko Volodymyr

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is an efficient and clean energy conversion technology that can utilize electricity obtained from renewable resources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen. The conversion of abundant intermittent energy to hydrogen energy would facilitate the efficient utilization of energy resources. SOEC is an all-ceramic electrochemical cell that operates in the intermediate to high temperature range of 500–750 ℃. Compared with traditional low temperature electrolysis technology (e.g., alkaline or proton exchange membrane cells operating at ~100 ℃), the high-temperature SOEC can increase the electrolysis efficiency from 80% to ~100%, providing …

Robust Gasification Trial Results For A Variety Of Difficult-To-Recycle Packaging-Related Materials, Bruce A. Welt

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Currently, recycling requires nearly absolute sorting of materials to accommodate the limited capabilities of existing recycling infrastructure. Whether a material is “recyclable” depends more on the method of recycling than the material itself. Our dependence upon sorting has limited success of recycling and has stifled our ability to achieve circular economy sustainability with plastic packaging materials. Our dependence upon sorting is rooted in our material-specific recycling processes. However, newer robust recycling processes are commercially available that reduce or eliminate the need to sort waste, and can convert mixed waste into primary feedstock chemicals, such as methanol for subsequent manufacture of …

Modeling Of Asphalt Concrete For Cross-Anisotropic Visco-Elasticity And Heterogeneity, Zafrul Hakim Khan

Civil Engineering ETDs

Asphalt Concrete (AC) is a cross-anisotropic viscoelastic material. This study has developed a methodology to backcalculate the cross-anisotropic properties of the AC layer from the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) sensor and pavement response data from embedded sensors inside a pavement section. This study has also developed a two-way coupled Multiscale Finite Element Model (MsFEM) with Phase Field Fracture (PFF) to study the microstructural heterogeneity and damage of the AC layer based on the actual field loadings. A Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Machine learning-based backcalculation algorithm were developed to determine the layer thickness and dielectric constant from air-coupled Ground …

Moisture Effects On Visible Near-Infrared And Mid-Infrared Soil Spectra And Strategies To Mitigate The Impact For Predictive Modeling, Francis Hettige Chamika Anuradha Silva

Theses and Dissertations

Instrumental disparities and soil moisture are two of the key limitations in implementing spectroscopic techniques in the field. This study sought to address these challenges through two objectives. The first objective was to assess Visible-near infrared (VisNIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic approaches and explore the feasibility of transferring calibration models between laboratory and portable spectrometers. The second objective addressed the challenge of soil moisture and its impact on spectra. The portable spectrometers demonstrated comparable performance to their laboratory-based counterparts in both regions. Spiking with extra-weight, was the most effective calibration transfer method eliminating disparities between instruments. The samples were rewetted …

Exploring Regular And Turbulent Flow States In Active Nematic Channel Flow Via Exact Coherent Structures And Their Invariant Manifolds, Caleb G. Wagner, Rumayel H. Pallock, Jae Sung Park, Michael M. Norton, Piyush Grover

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

This work is a unified study of stable and unstable steady states of 2D active nematic channel flow using the framework of Exact Coherent Structures (ECSs). ECSs are stationary, periodic, quasiperiodic, or traveling wave solutions of the governing equations that, together with their invariant manifolds, organize the dynamics of nonlinear continuum systems. We extend our earlier work on ECSs in the preturbulent regime by performing a comprehensive study of stable and unstable ECSs for a wide range of activity values spanning the preturbulent and turbulent regimes. In the weakly turbulent regime, we compute more than 200 unstable ECSs that coexist …

Niobate Nanosheet Catalysts For Cationic Dye Intercalation And Solar-Driven Water Photolysis, Cassandra Idona Monárrez-Grendahl

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

With the goal of creating efficient visible light photocatalysts for water photolysis, in this work we are exploring the synthesis of new porous oxide materials derived from potassium triniobate (KNb3O8) and titanium niobium oxide (KTiNbO5), which are layered wide band gap semiconductors. Generating hydrogen via direct water photolysis holds promise as a way to lower the cost of hydrogen gas production so it can be used as a renewable and clean alternative fuel. My group has demonstrated that layered semiconductor materials have the potential to enable the synthesis of new types of photocatalyst composites with customizable characteristics. In this work, …