Engineering Science and Materials Commons^™

Fabrication Of Porous Geopolymers Utilizing Aluminum Wastes As Foaming Agent, Siriwan Chokkha, Jiratchaya Ayawanna, Anurat Poowancum, Thanasak Singlaem, Pusit Mitsomwang

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Porous geopolymers (PG) are attractive due to their simple fabrication and diverse applications. This work presents a method for fabricating PG by using aluminum salt slag (ASS) as a foaming agent and metakaolin (MK) as the precursor. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are used as alkali activator solutions. The results show that the PG is fabricated by using the sequence mixing method. ASS was milled to a size of 4 µm, then mixed with an NaOH solution for 30 min. After that, MK and Na2SiO3 solution were added. The weight ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH and solid/liquid was 2.0 and …

Influence Of Annealing Times For W Films On The Structure And Electrochromic Properties Of Anodized Wo3 Films, Watcharaporn Thongjoon, Kamon Aiempanakit, Montri Aiempanakit, Chantana Aiempanakit

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

WO3 films were prepared from annealed W films by anodization and annealing at 450℃ for 1 h. The sputtered W films were annealed before anodization at different times for 0.5 h to 2 h, followed by immediate removal from the furnace (quenching) or slow cooling (cool-down). The WO3 films exhibited a different preferred orientation between the (200) and (222) planes. The morphological structure of the WO3 films depended on the annealing time and cooling features of the W films. The WO3 films for the cool-down condition had smaller grains and more pores than the quenching condition. The WO3 films prepared …

Fabrication And Characterization Of Sb-Doped Mxene Prepared By Hydrothermal Method For Use As A Sensing Electrode For Heavy Metal Detection, Siranaree Phoohadsuan, Thitima Maturos Daniels, Mati Horprathum, Nichaphat Thongsai, Eakkasit Punrat

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

MXene, a two-dimensional material with favorable physicochemical characteristics, has demonstrated outstanding efficiency in a wide range of applications because of their superior properties, such as higher surface area and conductivity, and facile surface modification. In this study, antimony (Sb) doped MXenes were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method, employing various Sb concentrations ranging from 5%w/w to 25%w/w. The successful preparation of the Sb-doped MXene (Sb@MXene) was confirmed by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Physical morphologies examined through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) depict the presence of Sb nanoparticles with the size of about 80 nm on the surface and interlayer …

Realizing Fast Plating/Stripping Of High-Performance Zn Metal Anode With A Low Zn Loading, Zhuo Li, Tamene Tadesse Beyene, Kai Zhu, Dianxue Cao

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Zn metal batteries and capacitors (ZMBs/ZMCs) are gaining significant attention due to their low cost, high safety, and high theoretical capacity. However, the low utilization of Zn metal decreases the coulombic efficiency. Here, we present a novel approach to enhance the conductivity of host materials by utilizing a 3D conductive structural network of copper mesh. The 3D copper mesh serves as a high-conductive matrix and additionally coating it with Zn serves as a Zn source. Finally, a flexible reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was deposited on the Zn-coated copper mesh as an anode protective layer. The conductive copper mesh renders a …

The Effects Of The Crystallinity Index Of Cellulose On The Flexural Properties Of Hybrid-Cellulose Epoxy Composites, Nathawat Poopakdee, Warut Thammawichai

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This work investigated the effects of the crystallinity index (CI) of cellulose on the flexural properties of hybrid-cellulose epoxy composites. The CI was varied by combining cellulose microfibrils (CMF) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), extracted from coir and eucalyptus, respectively, in various mixing ratios. From the XRD analysis, it was shown that the CI values and the CMF/MCC content follow a parabolic-fitting pattern, reaching a maximum value of 82.06% for the CMF/MCC of 30/70. The composites with cellulose of different CI values were fabricated and the flexural properties were measured. The results showed that the flexural strength increased as the CI …

Maintenance Of The Deteriorated Infrastructure In Thailand, Pakawat Sancharoen, Sothyrak Rath, Dong Viet Phuong Tran, Pitichon Klomjit, Somnuk Tangtermsirikul

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Infrastructure has been aged and deteriorated by various causes. Maintenance of its safety and serviceability are crucial and many countries have raised concerns about the existing infrastructure. Infrastructure in Thailand has been also aged. This paper shows results of studies relating to maintenance of infrastructure in Thailand. Inspection of the existing infrastructure in Bangkok was conducted by both visual and non-destructive testing (NDT) showing many deteriorations, and damages. Most of the deteriorations are caused by low concrete covering depth and water leakage. While in marine environment, chloride attack is the main cause. Evaluation criteria for NDT results are studied and …

Properties Of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Nanocomposites Adding Ammonia Plasma Treated Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Nanoplatelets For Electronic Discharge Application, Sorawit Duangsripat, Pajaera Patanathabutr, Nattakarn Hongsriphan

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Carbon-based nanofillers have been applied in various products, especially electrical and electronic products. It could be used to modify electrical conductivity of the integrated circuit (IC) polymeric packaging in order to prevent electrostatic discharge that would damage electronic integrity. This research reported the influence of ammonia plasma functionalization and its concentration on electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) reinforced with a mixture of CNTs and GNPs. Nanocomposites were successfully compounded using a twin-screw extruder, which firstly the masterbatch was prepared and then mixed with neat polymer into various concentrations (2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, and 8 wt%). …

Adhesive Wear Characteristics Of Mono And Hybrid Cf/Ep Composite With Nano-Hap Filler, Divya Gurkar Somashekar, Naveena Bettahalli Eswaregowda, Suresha Bheemappa

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Composites materials with more than two reinforcing materials are called hybrid composites.  Tailoring the composites by hybridizing fillers, fibers and matrix will yield better properties compared to mono-composites. Hence, an effort has been made in the current research work to develop carbon fiber epoxy hybrid nanocomposites, comprising different weight percentage of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) to evaluate the potential effects on tribological properties using two body sliding wear method. Taguchi technique (L27 array) has been adopted to investigate the impact of parameters such as filler inclusion (0%, 1.5%, and 3%), load (30, 45, and 60 N), sliding velocity (1, 2, and 3 …

Effects Of Oleylamine Concentration On The Synthesis Of Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals And Physical-Optical Properties, Kunlasatree Kunsaeng, Yingyot Infahsaeng

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) has been extensively interested owing to their distinctive properties for applications in optoelectronics and energy harvesting. The properties of these nanocrystals, including optical and energy characteristics, can be tuned by adjusting the particle size using different synthesis techniques. Among these, the ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method has become popular for its simplicity and scalability. Nevertheless, it is vital to understand that the growth of PNCs is extremely sensitive to the conditions of synthesis, highlighting the importance of recognizing the factors that limit the formation and properties of PNCs. In this study, PNCs based on formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) …

Synthesis And Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity Of Silver Zinc Phosphates, Rina Kanemoto, Hiroaki Onoda

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Currently, photocatalytic materials in common use mainly use ultraviolet light, but the amount of ultraviolet light contained in sunlight is limited and their energy efficiency is known to be low. Therefore, there is a need for a compound that shows photocatalytic activity in visible light, and silver phosphate matches this requirement, but it is relatively expensive. In this study, photocatalytic materials that could use visible light and were relatively inexpensive were attempted to be prepared. Specifically, samples were prepared by changing the silver/zinc molar ratio (Ag/Zn = 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40), and each sample was evaluated and examined from …

Fabrication And Characterization Of Zinc Anode On Nickel Conductive Cloth For High-Performance Zinc Ion Battery Applications, Tanapoom Mawintorn, Kittima Lolupiman, Napat Kiatwisarnkij, Pattaraporn Woottapanit, Manickavasakam Karnan, Suwimon Saneewong Na Ayuttay, Xinyu Zhang, Panyawat Wangyao, Jiaqian Qin

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The development of advanced materials for energy storage is critical to addressing global energy challenges. Zinc-ion batteries offer a promising solution due to their safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In this study, we enhanced the conductivity of cotton by coating it with electroless nickel, followed by zinc electroplating, to create a flexible material suitable for zinc-ion battery applications. Cotton was coated with electroless nickel at temperatures ranging from 40°C to 60°C for 1 min to 13 min. Subsequently, zinc electroplating was performed with current densities of 0.02 A·cm‒2 for 60 min, 0.03 A·cm‒2 for 40 min, and 0.04 A·cm‒2 for …

Tin, Silver, And Copper Sulfate Compound Extraction From Lead-Free Solder Dross By Reduction With Petroleum Coke, Electrorefining, Cementation, And Crystallization Process, Sakhob Khumkoa, Natthicha Ma-Ud, Tapany Patcharawit, Tanongsak Yingnakorn

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Solder dross, a waste by-product from the electronic component dipping bath, contains significant quantities of valuable metals. This study presents a four-step process for recovering tin, silver, and copper from lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu solder dross. The process involves the initial reduction of the dross using petroleum coke to produce an anode plate, followed by electrorefining to extract tin from the anode plate. Selective leaching of silver and copper from the residual anode slime and cementation techniques are employed to recover silver powder. The rest of the copper solution was used to synthesize copper sulfate crystals. Experimental results demonstrate optimal conditions for …

Optimization Of Ultrasound-Assisted Anthocyanin Extraction From Agricultural Waste Purple Corn Silk For Multifunctional Hemp Finishes, Benjamas Klaykruayat, Nattaya Vuthiganond, Pisutsaran Chitichotpanya

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The utilization of agricultural wastes for textile dyeing has gained popularity due to their safe and environmentally friendly properties, as well as the resource sustainability. Natural dye extraction is usually achieved through solvent extraction, which is time-consuming, requires a lot of solvent, and degrades desired compounds at high temperatures. Thus, this study investigated ultrasound-assisted anthocyanin extraction from agricultural waste purple corn silk as natural functional colorants for hemp finishes, given the numerous health benefits associated with anthocyanin. In order to optimize the extraction processes and evaluate the synergistic impact of these conditions, response surface methodology was implemented. The optimum conditions …

Controlling Titanium Incorporation In Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Films Via Closed-Loop Feedback In Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering, Pornthip Ratchayotee, Artit Chingsungnoen, Phitsanu Poolcharuansin

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

A closed-loop feedback approach has been developed to control titanium incorporation in hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films during reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (R-HiPIMS). The average discharge current measured at the magnetron target is used as the primary feedback signal to regulate the target coverage state. Hence, the titanium concentration in the films can be controlled. Significant changes were observed in the film microstructure and properties as the target state evolved with increasing target coverage. This causes the film transition from metallic titanium to a-C:H films with decreasing titanium concentration. For example, the XRD and Raman analyses indicated a microstructural …

In-Situ Embedding Of Nanocylindrical Bi25feo40 Into Scaffold-C3n4 For Enhanced Z-Scheme Photocatalytic Degradation, Yile Wang, Yuhui Ma, Liang Chu, Xing'ao Li

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The development of Z-scheme heterojunctions has emerged as an effective approach for boosting the photocatalytic activity. Herein, we fabricated of a direct Z-scheme heterojunction between scaffold-like C3N4 and nanocylindrical Bi25FeO40, which exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity and dye adsorption capacity. The in-situ embedding of Bi25FeO40 within scaffold C3N4 promotes photogenerated carrier separation, leading to an optimized degradation rate of 0.0205 min−1 and a contaminant removal efficiency of 85.3%. This work paves a new path for the development of high-efficiency photocatalytic degradation.

Investigated The Ion Energy And The Microstructure Properties Of Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Film Produced By Pulsed Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Combined With Plasma Biasing Technique, Nopphon Saowiang, Phitsanu Poolcharuansin, Artit Chingsungnoen, Nitisak Pasaja

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that operations using the plasma biasing technique in pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc (PFCVA) enable an energy-enhanced in deposition process for the high quality of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films (high sp3 content, denser, and very low surface roughness). The effect of anode bias potential on the energy distribution function of C+ ions, including the topography, microstructure, chemical state, and density of ta-C films, was systematically investigated. It was found that the plasma biasing technique can increase the average energy of C+ ions, but nevertheless, the ion …

Single Electrode Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator For Recognition Of Animal Sounds, Archana Panda, Kunal Kumar Das, Kushal Ruthvik Kaja, Mohamed Belal, Basanta Kumar Panigrahi

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This research presents an innovative and sustainable solution by designing triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for energy harvesting. The fabrication process of TENGs includes PDMS and aluminum. The two single electrode mode TENG was designed one is plain PDMS/Al and the other is porous PDMS/Al TENG devices. The porous PDMS/Al TENG device generated a voltage and current of 7 V and 5 nA for 2 cm ´ 2 cm device area. Moreover, the TENG system was employed to successfully charge capacitors, and recognize various animal sounds. This study underscores the promising potential of harvesting energy from body movements and powering of devices, …

Photoluminescent Carbon Nanodots For Artificial Photosynthesis, Rajie A. Medina, Michael E. Franco, Lyn Marie De Juan-Corpuz, Ryan D. Corpuz

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The emerging field of carbon dots (CDs), a type of carbon nanostructure that has gained significant attention due to its unique properties and potential applications. CDs possess remarkable attributes, including photoluminescence, electrochemical potential, compatibility with living organisms, solubility in water, chemical stability, and versatile surface properties. The chemical structure, particle size, and surface functionalities of CDs all have an impact on their photoluminescent properties, which are the focus of this review. The photoluminescence mechanism in CDs is discussed, highlighting their amorphous structure, and comparing them to graphene quantum dots. The paper delves into the application of CDs in artificial photosynthesis, …

Composition-Driven Phase Coexistence And Functional Properties Of The (1-X)Bzt-(X)Bct Ceramics Near The Phase Convergence Region, Jirapa Tangsritrakul, Chumpon Wichittanakom, Chatree Saiyasombat

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The concept of composition-induced phase transformation in Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB) has been employed to improve functional properties of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramic. However, it was observed that the phase diagram of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramic is different to the PZT. As a result, the nature of the superior functional properties found in (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramic is unlike PZT and still unclear so far. In this work, functional properties; dielectric, ferroelectric, energy storage, and piezoelectric properties, of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramics where x = 0.3 mol% to 0.6 mol% were evaluated at room temperature in comparison to the …

Lldpe Film Development Surface With Nucleating Agents To Reduce Fat Stains From Food Adherence On The Film Surface For Easy Rinsing Before Recycling, Nattapong Pinpru, Chiranicha Ninthap, Supang Sripraphot, Supharada Khaisaat

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The purpose of this research was to enhance the surface of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) film by using single and hybrid nucleating agents to reduce fat stains from food adherence on the film surface for easy rinsing before recycling, consequently reducing energy consumption before recycling. The process begins with the preparation of a high-concentration masterbatch of LLDPE with nucleating agents and polyethylene glycol (PEG), followed by blown film and test analysis. The results showed that both single and hybrid nucleating agents resulted in substantial modifications in the surface characteristics of the film. The altered surface texture of the film makes …