Darfur’S Armed Movements: Evolution Of Roles And Relations With Actors In Light Of The April 15 War, Marwan M. Hamza

The Journal of Social Encounters

This research comes in eight main sections, comprising a historical background of the conflicts in Sudan in general and Darfur in particular; an intro to armed movements active in Darfur the research team have monitored; and an extensive analysis of interviews the team conducted with members of the armed movements, independent actors and the native administrations.

Focusing on the Darfuri armed movements’ evolution of roles during the April 15 War, an analysis of respondents’ responses highlights varying takes on the impact of the Juba Peace Agreement (JPA). While some deems it futile as to resolve conflicts, others admittedly view it …

Sudan’S Current Conflict: Implications For The Bordering Regions And Influence Of The Key Regional/International Actors, Raimundo Gregoire

The Journal of Social Encounters

Since the beginning of the latest violent crisis, which began in April 2023, Sudan has been suffering the consequences of an armed conflict, that is worsening the humanitarian crisis and sociopolitical instability. In this context, it is worth analysing how this conflict affects the neighbouring region and the influence of the nearby countries and regional and world powers. The aim of this paper is to present the consequences of this conflict for Sudan’s neighbours and the degree of interference of the external powers in Sudan. In relation to this latter issue, it will be established if the foreign presence is …

The Roles Of External Parties In The April 15 War And Their Interests In Sudan, Aseel Abdalla

The Journal of Social Encounters

The April 15 War is frequently portrayed as a power struggle between two generals, a simplistic narrative that overlooks not only internal factors but also external dynamics and the agendas of foreign nations in Sudan. Numerous countries have vested interests in this resource-rich nation, a pivotal gateway to Africa with a strategic position overlooking the Red Sea facilitating over 12% of global trade. However, what exacerbates the situation is the leadership weakness and intense political polarization since 2019, following the downfall of the Inqaz regime.

Following the December Revolution, Sudan's leadership lacked a cohesive foreign relations strategy. The pillars of …

Exploiting Tribal Identity: Evidence From The Darfur Conflict (2001-) And The Chad-Sudan Proxy War (2005-2010), Eline Rosenhart

The Journal of Social Encounters

Using the case of the Darfur conflict (2001-) and the Chad-Sudan proxy war (2005-2010), this study will demonstrate that conflict in Chad and Sudan cannot be fully understood without taking into account how heads of state and rebel leaders in both countries manipulated tribal identities to retain and enhance power. It shows how Idriss Déby, a Zaghawa leader, held onto his tenuous position as President of Chad by leveraging tribal customs and symbols, while the Darfur conflict and the Chad-Sudan proxy war destabilized his rule. It also sheds light on the ways in which Darfuri and Chadian rebel leaders maneuvered …

When Peace Interventions Become Elusive: The Convoluted Darfur Conflict, Elias Opongo

The Journal of Social Encounters

The conflict in Darfur, rooted in longstanding tensions among ethnic and political groups in western Sudan, is marked by widespread violence, displacement, and human rights abuses. Whereas there have been concerted efforts by successive governments and different local, regional, and national stakeholders to resolve these conflicts through various transitional justice and traditional mechanisms, these interventions have largely been ineffective, often resulting in accusations of bias and unequal treatment by the Khartoum government. This article seeks to evaluate conflict intervention efforts by different actors such as the Sudan government, the African Union (AU), Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), regional governments, and …

The Dynamics Of The Resistance Committees (Rcs) Movement Amid The Current Challenges Of Democratic Transition In Sudan, Salih Mustafa, Marafi Albahi

The Journal of Social Encounters

After the wave of protests that led to the fall of the former regime in April 2019 and the establishment of the Transitional Justice in August 2019, Sudan is undergoing transitional phases marked by significant political and social changes since 2018. The Sudanese Resistance Committees (RCs) have played important and crucial roles throughout the whole period since the breakthrough of the Revolution in Sudan in December 2018. Those roles are showcased starting from organizing and mobilizing the protests that took place prior to the fall of the regime. The dynamics of the movement have developed since then due to the …

Gold Mining In Darfur: Its Role In The General Economy, Political Conflicts And The Current War, Raphaëlle Chevrillon-Guibert, Enrico Ille, Mohamed Salah Abdelrahman

The Journal of Social Encounters

Darfur has been shattered by a long chain of violent escalations, and numerous interpretations of reasons and recommendations for solutions have been put forward. Since the early 2010s, gold mining appeared as an additional element in ongoing conflicts and became a dominant aspect, not just as one of the financial pillars of the upcoming Rapid Support Forces under Dagalo family leadership, but also as a source of environmental pollution. Nevertheless, gold mining made its way only slowly into political analyses, and although its substantial role in Sudan's recent history, including the current war, has now more often been recognized, it …

Reshaping Identity Politics: Capitalising On Shari‘A Debate In The Sudan, Musa Adam Abdul-Jalil

The Journal of Social Encounters

The relationship between religious identity, ethnic identity, and politics has always been a problematic one, especially in plural societies like Sudan. This article is an attempt to understand the reasons behind the insistence of the popular parties of the Muslim majority in Northern Sudan on establishing shar’ia law as the law of the land. By using secondary data on party programmes, public opinion, and an analysis of political events, I reconstruct the evolution of the debate in order to identify its prime movers. My conclusion is that this debate emerged as a result of the quest for a national identity …

Darfur And Sudan: The People, Politics, Conflict, And Recovery: An Introduction, Mawa Mohamed, Ronald Pagnucco

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

The Ideal Family In The Holy Qur'an, Dr. Ali Abdul Aziz Sayour

Faculty Peer-Reviewed Papers | بحوث هيئة التدريس المحكمة

No abstract provided.

Psychological And Physical Care Of The Child In The Sunnah And The Un Convention On The Rights Of The Child, Muntaser Asmar, Jamal Alkelany

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

The study addressed the topic of "Psychological and physical care of the child" through collecting evidence from Sunnah represented by the proven and authentic Hadiths (Traditions) of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child issued by the United Nations in 1989 AD. The study concluded that the Convention on the Rights of the Child had referred to this topic in a number of its articles, but these references were general, especially in the aspect of the psychological care of the child. However, a large number of hadiths, more than 38, had more detailed focus on …

واقع ضوابط الاستثمار, Safa Fleih

Al Jinan الجنان

This study came under the title of the reality and controls of investment in investment funds in Islamic banks in Iraq, and the problem was summarized by the following main question: What is the reality and controls of investment in investment funds in Islamic banks in Iraq? The importance of the topic is highlighted by not singling out this topic for independent research in this way according to the researcher’s knowledge, and the need of Islamic societies to study these urgent topics and know the position of Islamic Sharia regarding them, and the large number of types of investment funds …

المقصد الأسمى في شرح حديث لا عدوى, Fathi Bikai

Al Jinan الجنان

This research is a study of the articulation «no infection» contained in the Hadith, as it deals with the following: the verbal context, and especially the character of negation (no) which can hold the meaning of exclusion or prohibition, and exclusion is likely to banish existence and potentially deny the effect of the disease itself without God’s will. In addition, what may appear in the Hadith as a conflict or allocation. Did our Prophet- peace be upon him- want to correct pre-Islamic concepts that prevailed at the time of his mission, or is it an order to not infect others? …

أبو الصَّلْتِ الهَرَوِيُّ وإشْكالِيَّة الرِّوايةِ والدِّرايةِ, Mohamad Daher

Al Jinan الجنان

In this research I titled, “Abu l -Salt al - Hirawi and the Problematic Issue of both Narrating (Riwayah) and Deep Comprehension (Diraya) of Prophetic Statements”, I pursue the biography of a scholar well-known for his speech arguments that reflected sophisticated knowledge and acute acumen in his age, which in turn helped curb the spread of Jahami and Mu’tazila into the House of Caliphate. The life of this intellectual has stimulated me to write this research that may help expose and reactivate some of the bright and beneficial aspects of his attitudes, and this may indeed help us reach some …

المشترك وأثره, Hussein Kassem

Al Jinan الجنان

The researcher in the doctrines of jurists finds a great difference between the scholars in the legitimate rule between one doctrine and another, but the difference in the provisions exists in the same doctrine, and the reason for the difference is due to several factors, I wanted to look at one of these reasons is the difference in the interpretation of the common verbal, and the resulting difference, so I knew the common verbal, mentioned its sections, and showed the difference of jurists in its interpretation, and the consequent difference in the legitimate judgment, and I mentioned some applications of …

تضارب الفتوى, Bashar 3jel

Al Jinan الجنان

Fatwas It is well known that Fatwas are issued by diligent scholars and that sometimes different Fatwas are issued on the same issue for multiple reasons which are understood by those concerned. A Mustafty is usually confused on how to deal with these conflicting Fatwas; therefore, this study shows how to handle such Fatwas by mentioning the sayings relevant to the issue at hand and proving the most logical with evidence and proof so that the Mustafty has no doubts about his question. The study presented the rules of the Fatwa and the qualifications of the Mufty

الدلالة الصوتية لحروف القلقلة, Hoda Majzoub

Al Jinan الجنان

هذا بحث في الدلالة الصوتية للقلقلة التي تكون في بعض السواكن من حروف العربية، وهي ظاهرة اعتنت بأدائها القراءات القرآنية مع غيرها من الظواهر اللفظية التي وجدت في لهجات العرب زمن الاحتجاج، أبنت في بحثي هذا عن معنى القلقلة لغة واصطلاحاً عند كلٍّ من علماء التجويد وعلماء النحو واللغة قديماً وحديثاً، ثم ميّزت حروفها، وأوضحت مواضعها، وذكرت كيفية أدائها، ثم أردفت ذلك بدراسة تطبيقية عن دلالة القلقلة في سورة ق، في محاولة لبيان الانسجام التام المتحقق بين أصوات الحروف ومعاني الكلام في القرآن الكريم.

دور أسواق الأوراق المالية الإسلامية في تدارك الأزمات المالية في الأسواق التقليدية, Safa Fleih, Hilal Darwich

Al Jinan الجنان

This research came under the title of the role of Islamic stock markets in redressing financial crises in traditional markets, and the research problem was summarized in the following main question: Is the Islamic stock market qualified to be an alternative to the traditional stock market in order to avoid the recurrence of financial crises, and the research derives its importance from the importance of the topic, In terms of the ability of the Islamic stock market to treat and avoid falling into the financial crises that occur in the traditional stock markets resulting from the activities of these markets, …

زواج القاصر في المحاكم الشرعية السنيّة في لبنان, Bilal Hammoud

Al Jinan الجنان

This research deals with the consolidation of the role of the Sunni Sharia courts in Lebanon in matters of marriage as a contract and proof, originally extensive on the issue of the marriage of minors, with a statement of its ruling, mentioning the controls and guarantees of this practically, in whole and in detail.

Hence, the required conditions are lawfully and legally met and their existence is established after a series of required procedures in accordance with the principles .

The same applies to making sure that they are prepared psychologically, physically, and physiologically. In addition, all of this was …

اللعان في الشريعة الإسلامية دراسة مقارنة بقانون الأحوال الشخصية, Ghaleb Alayoubi

Al Jinan الجنان

An oath of condemnation [Li’aan] or a sworn allegation of adultery committed by one’s spouse [Li’aan] is a provision of Islamic Sharia Law, provided in the Holly Quran in Surat An-Noor and the clarifications by the Messenger, may peace and blessings be upon him, explaining its conditions, modalities, sunnahs, rulings and effects. However, in order for the sworn allegation that the wife is slandered for adultery, in addition to the absence of four witnesses according to their conditions related to this matter, by the Islamic Sharia and Fuqahaa that explained this ruling, is required to be accepted. Accordingly, after the …