The Coins From Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 231–235),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Coins From Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 231–235), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
The salvage excavation in Ẓahal Square Tunnel yielded 26 coins, 21 of which could be identified. All coins are bronze, except for three which are silver. The coins date between the Early Roman (late first century BCE) and the late Ottoman (late eighteenth–early twentieth centuries CE) periods.
Pottery Assemblages From Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 211–230),
2025
Independent Researcher
Pottery Assemblages From Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 211–230), Anna De Vincenz
'Atiqot
The excavation in the Ẓahal Square Tunnel yielded ceramic material from the Byzantine–Umayyad, Mamluk and late Ottoman periods. While only a small amount of pottery was recovered, its composition closely corresponds to that of other ceramic assemblages from the same chronological phases from Jerusalem and its surroundings. Hence, these assemblages seem to be largely of local production.
The Mollusks From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 191–192),
2025
Haifa University
The Mollusks From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 191–192), Inbar Ktalav
'Atiqot
Two malacological remains were retrieved manually from the excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet, indicating the use of Mediterranean shells in this region during the Roman and Byzantine periods.
Remains From The Late Byzantine, Early Islamic, Mamluk And Late Ottoman Periods In Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 193–210),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Remains From The Late Byzantine, Early Islamic, Mamluk And Late Ottoman Periods In Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 193–210), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah
'Atiqot
An excavation conducted at Ẓahal Square, outside and west of the Old City wall of Jerusalem, uncovered remains dating from the late Byzantine–Umayyad to the late Ottoman period, revealing evidence of Jerusalem’s urban expansion in different periods and its fortifications. The earliest remains are a Greek inscription, etched in bedrock during the late Byzantine–Umayyad period. Hewn walls of a deep moat and remains of a forewall from the late Early Islamic period were uncovered, allowing for a reconstruction of Jerusalem’s fortification system along the northwestern corner of the Old City. The city walls and the moat fell into disuse after …
Animal Bones From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 185–190),
2025
Haifa University
Animal Bones From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 185–190), Nimrod Marom
'Atiqot
Salvage excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet revealed animal-bone remains, which appear to represent fills dumped inside and around the hydraulic installations. Very few remains were recovered from Hellenistic–Early Roman loci, while a somewhat larger sample was obtained from Byzantine–Umayyad loci. The faunal assemblage comprises primarily beasts of burden, such as equids and camels. The high frequencies of fractures and carnivore gnawing marks indicate little human processing of bones for food and early discard.
The Coins From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 179–183),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Coins From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 179–183), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Thirty-seven coins were unearthed in the excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet, twenty-seven of which were identified. The earliest coin is a small Seleucid ‘palm tree’ bronze, and the latest datable coin is an early Ottoman copper mangir. The majority of the coins date from the fourth–sixth century CE.
Groundstone Finds From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 163–166),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Groundstone Finds From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 163–166), Walid Atrash
'Atiqot
The excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet yielded a small assemblage of ten basalt groundstone fragments: a pestle, three hammerstones, a millstone, four bowls and a basin.
Torso Of A ‘Weary Heracles’ Marble Statuette From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 167–177),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Torso Of A ‘Weary Heracles’ Marble Statuette From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 167–177), Gabriel Mazor, Walid Atrash
'Atiqot
A statuette of a free-standing naked male figure of Heracles was discovered in a fill partially covering a village bath at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet. The appearance of Heracles in Roman baths is witnessed elsewhere in the region, forming part of the bath décor and usually set in niches in the frigidarium walls, the palestra, or the natatio. A statuette of Heracles in a bathhouse, although not an exceptional Hellenic cultural expression, is a rather unique find in a remote (Jewish?) village.
Glass Finds From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 147–162),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Glass Finds From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 147–162), Brigitte Ouahnouna
'Atiqot
The glass vessels retrieved during the excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet are dated mainly to the fourth century CE, except for an aryballos handle dated to the Early Roman period and a few typical Byzantine vessels, such as wineglasses and oil lamps. Three chunks of raw glass were also discovered. The quantity and quality of the glass vessels, and the similarity in their fabric and workmanship, suggest that the site served as a local production center.
Stamped Amphora Handles And Amphora Toes From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 141–146),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Stamped Amphora Handles And Amphora Toes From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 141–146), Gerald Finkielsztejn
'Atiqot
The excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet yielded nine amphora fragments: three stamped handles and two toes from Rhodes; one stamped handle and one toe from Knidos; one possible Republican Ovoid Amphora toe; and one unidentified Late Roman toe.
The Pottery Assemblages From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 101–140),
2025
Independent Researcher
The Pottery Assemblages From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 101–140), Anna De Vincenz
'Atiqot
The salvage excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet revealed ceramic finds from two archaeological contexts: a small pool, and a house and a well. The ceramic material was dated to the Hellenistic (the fourth to the second centuries BCE) and late Byzantine/Umayyad periods.
Remains From The Hellenistic–Early Islamic Periods At Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 75–100),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Remains From The Hellenistic–Early Islamic Periods At Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 75–100), Walid Atrash, Gabriel Mazor
'Atiqot
Excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet in the Jezreel Valley revealed four settlement strata: Stratum IV (Hellenistic period) yielded pottery and a coin, but no architectural remains; Stratum III (Roman period) included the remains of a bathhouse; Stratum II (Byzantine period) yielded the remains of a house and a plastered installation; and Stratum I (Early Islamic period) yielded pottery and coins, but no architectural remains. The bathhouse pool (natatio) yielded a large number of tubuli and fragments of a marble statue of Heracles that might have adorned it.
Remains From Middle Bronze Age Ii And The Byzantine, Early Islamic And Ottoman Periods At Bene Beraq (With A Contribution By Maayan Shemer) (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–66*; English Summary, Pp. 241–243),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Remains From Middle Bronze Age Ii And The Byzantine, Early Islamic And Ottoman Periods At Bene Beraq (With A Contribution By Maayan Shemer) (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–66*; English Summary, Pp. 241–243), Ayelet Dayan, Dor Golan, Yoav Arbel
'Atiqot
The excavation conducted at Bene Beraq yielded remains dating from Middle Bronze Age II and the Byzantine, Early Islamic and Ottoman periods. Five poorly preserved tombs and a pottery kiln were dated to the end of MB IIA–beginning of MB IIB; the kiln resembles other such installations found in the central coastal plain. It seems that the site was a small satellite site located along Naḥal Ha-Yarqon, contemporary with the large cities of Afeq-Antipatris, Yafo and Tel Gerisa. The finds from the Late Roman–Byzantine periods included many antilia vessels, pointing to the existence of an antilia well nearby. Two perpendicular …
A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski
'Atiqot
A Middle Bronze Age II burial cave, reusing a Chalcolithic burial cave, was discovered during excavations carried out at Mazor (West). The Middle Bronze Age remains accumulated above the cave’s bedrock floor, utilizing the entire space. Seven individuals were discovered and about 50 intact or restorable MB II pottery vessels were retrieved, as well as three metal pins, three flint items and animal bones. It is probable that the cave, and other MB II sites in its vicinity, belonged to a system of villages and associated mortuary grounds, which were related to the main urban center at Tel Afeq.
Faunal Remains From Khirbat El-’Umdan, Bet Shemesh (Hebrew, Pp. 27*–32*; English Summary, P. 240),
2025
Haifa University
Faunal Remains From Khirbat El-’Umdan, Bet Shemesh (Hebrew, Pp. 27*–32*; English Summary, P. 240), Nuha Agha
'Atiqot
Excavations at the Chalcolithic site at Khirbat el-’Umdan yielded an assemblage of bones, teeth and horns belonging mostly to mammals: sheep, cattle and pigs. These finding are consistent with the picture that emerged from the analysis of other faunal assemblages from Ghassulian sites in the northern Negev, the coastal plain and Galilee.
The Flint Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 27–35),
2025
Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva
The Flint Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 27–35), Ariel Vered
'Atiqot
The excavations at Khirbat el-ʻUmdan yielded a small assemblage of 277 flint artifacts dating from the Late Chalcolithic period, with only a few intrusive Paleolithic pieces. It represents an on-site flint knapping industry that focused on the production of expedient flake tools, together with evidence for the use of formal tools, especially sickle blades.
Metal Artifacts From Khirbat El-‘Umdan, Bet Shemesh: New Insights Concerning The Ghassulian Metallurgy (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–25*; English Summary, P. 239),
2025
Tel Aviv University
Metal Artifacts From Khirbat El-‘Umdan, Bet Shemesh: New Insights Concerning The Ghassulian Metallurgy (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–25*; English Summary, P. 239), Yitzhak Vassal, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Erez Ben Yosef
'Atiqot
Six metal artifacts were recovered from the Chalcolithic site near Khirbat el-‘Umdan: four axes, a copper chunk and a broken macehead. Three of the axes and the macehead were chemically tested, allowing for a reconstruction of ancient metalwork, the materials used and the extent of trade relations during the Chalcolithic period. The chemical composition of the axes was found to be similar to that of other contemporary items, while the macehead is a copper-lead alloy, hitherto unknown in the period.
Groundstone Tools From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 19–25),
2025
Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva
Groundstone Tools From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 19–25), Ariel Vered
'Atiqot
The excavation at the Chalcolithic site of Khirbat el-ʻUmdan yielded a small, typologically varied assemblage of groundstone tools. Vessels comprise the lion’s share of the group, followed by grinding and pounding utensils. The assemblage is characterized by a diversity of raw materials: limestone, flint, basalt, sandstone and beachrock. While a large portion of the assemblage was made of locally available raw materials, a considerable portion was made on non-local ones, attesting to connections with the surrounding regions, either directly or through mediating agents.
The Late Chalcolithic Pottery Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 1–17),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Late Chalcolithic Pottery Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 1–17), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Anat Cohen-Weinberger
'Atiqot
A small assemblage of Late Chalcolithic pottery was collected during the excavation at Khirbat el-ʻUmdan, including cornets, pedestalled bowls, spouted vessels, basins, holemouth cooking and storage jars, pithoi, kraters, churns and a fragment of a clay animal figurine. The assemblage compares well, both in morphology and composition, with other Late Chalcolithic assemblages in the northern Negev and the Be’er Sheva‘ Valley. The petrographic analysis of the raw materials indicated a local manufacture within the borders of the Shephelah and the nearby Judean Mountains.
Khirbat El-‘Umdan: A Site From The Chalcolithic Period (Ghassulian Culture) At Bet Shemesh (With A Contribution By Elisabetta Boaretto) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–12*; English Summary, Pp. 237–238),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Khirbat El-‘Umdan: A Site From The Chalcolithic Period (Ghassulian Culture) At Bet Shemesh (With A Contribution By Elisabetta Boaretto) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–12*; English Summary, Pp. 237–238), Ron Be’Eri
'Atiqot
A small excavation near Khirbat el-‘Umdan in the lower Judean Shephelah exposed stone floors bearing remains from the Late Chalcolithic period. The rich finds from the excavation comprise pottery vessels, such as V-shaped bowls, large basins, store jars, holemouths, churns and cornets, and a fragment of a zoomorphic figurine; groundstone vessels; flint tools, including many sickle blades; and a cash of three copper axes and a copper-alloy macehead. Also found were some 30 burned olive stones and animal skeletal remains. It seems that the settlement at the site existed for a short period in the first phase of the Late …
